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Electrochemical Activation of Li2MnO3 Electrodes at 0 °c and Its Impact on the Subsequent Performance at Higher Temperatures

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MATERIALS 2020年第19期13卷 4388页

作者： Susai, Francis Amalraj Talianker, Michael Liu, Jing Rosy Paul, Tanmoy Grinblat, Yehudit Erickson, Evan Noked, Malachi Burstein, Larisa Frenkel, Anatoly I. Tsur, Yoed Markovsky, Boris Aurbach, Doron Bar Ilan Univ Dept Chem IL-52900 Ramat Gan Israel Bar Ilan Univ Inst Nanotechnol & Adv Mat IL-52900 Ramat Gan Israel Ben Gurion Univ Negev Dept Mat Engn IL-84105 Beer Sheva Israel Manhattan Coll Dept Phys New York NY 10471 USA Technion Israel Inst Technol Dept Chem Engn IL-3200003 Haifa Israel Technion Israel Inst Technol Grand Technion Energy Program IL-3200003 Haifa Israel Tel Aviv Univ Wolfson Appl Mat Res Ctr IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel SUNY Stony Brook Dept Mat Sci & Chem Engn Stony Brook NY 11794 USA

This work continues our systematic study of Li- and Mn- rich cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. We chose Li2MnO3 as a model electrode material with the aim of correlating the improved electrochemical characteristics of these cathodes initially activated at 0 degrees c with the structural evolution of Li2MnO3, oxygen loss, formation of per-oxo like species (O-2(2-)) and the surface chemistry. It was established that performing a few initial charge/discharge (activation) cycles of Li2MnO3 at 0 degrees c resulted in increased discharge capacity and higher capacity retention, and decreased and substantially stabilized the voltage hysteresis upon subsequent cycling at 30 degrees c or at 45 degrees c. In contrast to the activation of Li2MnO3 at these higher temperatures, Li2MnO3 underwent step-by-step activation at 0 degrees c, providing a stepwise traversing of the voltage plateau at >4.5 V during initial cycling. Importantly, these findings agree well with our previous studies on the activation at 0 degrees c of 0.35Li(2)MnO(3)center dot 0.65Li[Mn0.45Ni0.35co0.20]O-2 materials. The stability of the interface developed at 0 degrees c can be ascribed to the reduced interactions of the per-oxo-like species formed and the oxygen released from Li2MnO3 with solvents in ethylene carbonate-methyl-ethyl carbonate/LiPF6 solutions. Our TEM studies revealed that typically, upon initial cycling both at 0 degrees c and 30 degrees c, Li2MnO3 underwent partial structural layered-to-spinel (Li2Mn2O4) transition.

关键词： lithium-ion batteries Li and Mn-rich materials Li2MnO3 activation at 0 ° c stabilized cycling decreased the voltage hysteresis layered-to-spinel transition bulk and surface characteristics

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Aeration requirement and energy consumption of reactor-composting of rose pomace influenced by c/N ratio

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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020年第9期192卷 1-9页

作者： Ekinci, Kamil Tosun, Ismail Kumbul, Barbaros Salih Sevik, Fevzi Suluk, Kemal Bitrak, Necati Berk Isparta Univ Appl Sci Fac Agr Dept Agr Machinery & Technol Engn TR-32260 Isparta Turkey Suleyman Demirel Univ Fac Engn Dept Environm Engn TR-32260 Isparta Turkey Bingol Univ Pilot Univ Cent Coordinat Unit TR-12100 Bingol Turkey Mus Alparslan Univ Fac Engn Dept Environm Engn TR-49250 Mus Turkey

As the composting industry develops rapidly in the world, the compost producers have focused on the efficiency of energy utilization in production without restricting the quality of compost in the forced ventilation systems. Therefore, this experimental study quantified the impacts of initial c/N ratio on aeration requirement and energy consumption due to aeration for reactor composting of rose pomace through kinetics of the process using fifteen 100-l composting reactors. The results of the study showed that initial c/N ratio significantly affected decomposition rate, compost maturity, and dry matter losses and organic matter losses (P < 0.05). The maximum decomposition rate (0.072 day(-1)) and the highest degree of progression of the composting process existed at the mixture with initial c/N ratio of 24.26. The results underlined the importance of the initial c/N of composting of rose pomace in terms of energy consumption due to aeration. In particular, more mature compost within a short time can be obtained when composting was operated with a c/N ratio of 23.7-25.8 in the expense of requiring more airflow rate, fan power, and energy consumption by aeration fan per composting material.

关键词： composting Rose pomace Aeration Energy requirement Decomposition c N ratio

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Ultrasensitive Detection of Hepatitis c Virus DNA Subtypes Based on cucurbituril and Graphene Oxide Nano-composite

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chemical Research in chinese Universities 2020年第2期36卷 307-312页

作者： JIANG Ping LI Yifei JU Ting cHENG Wenbo XU Jianhua HAN Kun University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027P.R.China C/LS Key Lab of Bio-medical Diagnostics Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou 215163P.R.China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049P.R China Institute of Optics and Electronics Chengdu 610209P.R.China Laboratory of Oncology Science and Molecular Biology Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineFoshan 528333P.R.China

Infectious of hepatitis c viruses(HcVs)lead to hepatic fibrosis,cirrhosis even *** rapid and sensitive diagnostic method for HcV is of great *** on the host-and-guest interaction between cucurbit[7]uril(cB[7])and methylene blue(MB),a cB[7]-graphene nano-composite(cB[7]-N3-GO)is raised for the electrochemical detection of HcV *** method is able to linearly detect the HcV nucleic acid in the range of 0.2—10 nmol/L with detection limit as low as 160.4 pmol/*** proposed detection strategy is able to discriminate the lb and 6k subtypes of HcV and has a prospective potential in the blood screen for HcV in clinical diagnosis.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus cucurbit[7]uril Graphene Nano-composite Assay

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changes in body shape implicate cuticle stretch in c. elegans growth control

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cELLS & DEVELOPMENT 2022年 170卷 203780页

作者： Nyaanga, Joy Goss, christina Zhang, Gaotian Ahmed, Hannah N. Andersen, Elliot J. Miller, Isabella R. Rozenich, Justine K. Swarthout, Iris L. Vaughn, Jordan A. Mangan, Niall M. Shirman, Sasha Andersen, Erik c. Northwestern Univ Dept Mol Biosci Evanston IL 60208 USA Northwestern Univ Interdisciplinary Biol Sci Program Evanston IL 60208 USA Northwestern Univ Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math Evanston IL 60208 USA

Growth control establishes organism size, requiring mechanisms to sense and adjust growth during development. Studies of single cells revealed that size homeostasis uses distinct control methods. In multicellular organisms, mechanisms that regulate single cell growth must integrate control across organs and tissues during development to generate adult size and shape. We leveraged the roundworm caenorhabditis elegans as a scalable and tractable model to collect precise growth measurements of thousands of individuals, measure feeding behavior, and quantify changes in animal size and shape during a densely sampled developmental time course. As animals transitioned from one developmental stage to the next, we observed changes in body aspect ratio while body volume remained constant. Then, we modeled a physical mechanism by which constraints on cuticle stretch could cause changes in c. elegans body shape. The model-predicted shape changes are consistent with those observed in the data. Theoretically, cuticle stretch could be sensed by the animal to initiate larval-stage transitions, providing a means for physical constraints to influence developmental timing and growth rate in c. elegans.

关键词： c elegans Developmental growth Growth control

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Simultaneous nitrogen and carbon removal in a packed A/O reactor: effect of c/N ratio on microbial community structure

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BIOPROcESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING 2020年第7期43卷 1241-1252页

作者： Ding, Shuai He, Jian Luo, Xingzhang Zheng, Zheng Fudan Univ Dept Environm Sci & Engn Room 2026Environm Bldg2005 Songhu Rd Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China

In this research, a novel packed anoxic/oxic moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was established to achieve high-organic matter removal rates, despite the carbon/nitrogen (c/N) ratio of 2.7-5.1 in the influent. Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) was investigated under a long sludge retention time of 104 days. The system exhibited excellent performance in pollutant removal, with chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen (TN) enhanced to 93.6-97.4% and 34.4-60%, respectively. Under low c/N conditions, the nitrogen removal process of A/O MBBR system was mainly achieved by anaerobic denitrification. The increase of c/N ratio enhanced SND rate of the aerobic section, where dissolved oxygen was maintained at the range of 4-6 mg/L, and resulted in higher TN removal efficiency. The microbial composition and structures were analyzed utilizing the MiSeq Illumina sequencing technique. High-throughput pyrosequencing results indicated that the dominant microorganisms were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level, which contributes to the removal of organics matters. In the aerobic section, abundances of Nitrospirae (1.12-29.33%), Burkholderiales (2.15-21.38%), and Sphingobacteriales (2.92-11.67%) rose with increasing c/N ratio in the influent, this proved that SND did occur in the aerobic zone. As the c/N ratio of influent increased, the SND phenomenon in the aerobic zone of the system is the main mechanism for greatly improving the removal rate of TN in the aerobic section. The c/N ratio in the aerobic zone is not required to be high to exhibit good TN removal performance. When c/NH4+ and c/TN in the aerobic zone were higher than 2.29 and 1.77, respectively, TN removal efficiency was higher than 60%, which means that carbon sources added to the reactor could be saved. This study would be vital for a better understanding of microbial structures within a packed A/O MBBR and the development of cost-efficient strategies for the treatment of low c/N wastewate

关键词： Packed A O reactor Moving bed biofilm reactor c N ratio Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) Microbial community structure

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Synthetic ablations in the c. elegans nervous system

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NETWORK NEUROScIENcE 2020年第1期4卷 200-216页

作者： Towlson, Emma K. Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo Univ Network Sci Inst Dept Phys NE Boston MA USA MIT Media Lab Cambridge MA USA Univ Network Sci Inst Dept Phys NE Boston MA USA Brigham & Women's Hosp Harvard Med Sch Dept Med Boston MA USA Univ Dept Network & Data Sci Cent European Budapest Hungary

Author Summary "Synthetic lethality" in cell biology is an extreme example of the effects of higher order genetic interactions: The simultaneous knockout of two or more individually nonessential genes leads to cell death. We define a neural analog to this concept in relation to the locomotor response to gentle touch in c. elegans. Two or more neurons are synthetic essential if individually they are not required for this behavior, yet their combination is. We employ a network control approach to systematically assess all pairs and triplets of neurons by their effect on body wall muscle controllability, and find that only surprisingly small sets of neurons are synthetic essential. They are highly localized in the nervous system and predicted to affect control over specific sets of muscles. Synthetic lethality, the finding that the simultaneous knockout of two or more individually nonessential genes leads to cell or organism death, has offered a systematic framework to explore cellular function, and also offered therapeutic applications. Yet the concept lacks its parallel in neuroscience-a systematic knowledge base on the role of double or higher order ablations in the functioning of a neural system. Here, we use the framework of network control to systematically predict the effects of ablating neuron pairs and triplets on the gentle touch response. We find that surprisingly small sets of 58 pairs and 46 triplets can reduce muscle controllability in this context, and that these sets are localized in the nervous system in distinct groups. Further, they lead to highly specific experimentally testable predictions about mechanisms of loss of control, and which muscle cells are expected to experience this loss.

关键词： c elegans Graph theory Network control theory Neuronal ablations Synthetic lethality

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Multidimensional jagged SnSb/c/DLc nanofibers fabricated by AP-PEcVD method for Li-ion battery anode

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NANOTEcHNOLOGY 2020年第20期31卷 205401页

作者： Tang, Haijun Xia, Xin Xin Jiang Univ Coll Text & Fash Urumqi 830046 Xinjiang Peoples R China

The atmospheric pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (AP-PEcVD) method has been shown to have dramatic effects on the morphology and structure of nanomaterials. For the sake of solving the capacity decline caused by alloy expansion and improving the electrode performance of SnSb/c nanofiber anodes in Li-ion batteries, the self-designed AP-PEcVD device was first used to deposit large numbers of diamond-like carbon (DLc) nanoparticles on nanofibers to construct a special 3D structure. Interestingly, after the AP-PEcVD and carbonization treatment, we found that most DLc nanoparticles had a single crystal structure and nanofibers reacted with a high energy hydrogen plasma to generate a special jagged morphology. The special jagged grooves provided an excellent channel for the Li ions' insertion/extraction, and the 3D structure provided a buffer space for the volume expansion of SnSb alloy during the electrochemical cycle. compared with the SnSb/c nanofibers, SnSb/c/DLc nanofibers exhibited a much better electrochemical performance with a high reversible capacity of 583.54 mAh g(-1) at the 100th cycle, and excellent rate capability. This paper proved that the AP-PEcVD device can successfully deposit a DLc nanoparticle layer and the construction of nanofiber morphology was a valid method to improve the electrochemical properties of the nanofiber anode in Li-ion batteries.

关键词： AP-PEcVD SnSb c DLc nanofibers anodes morphology and structure capacity retention ratio

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Preparation and excellent adsorption of water pollution dyes over magnetic Fe3O4/c nanoparticles with hollow grape cluster morphology

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JOURNAL OF NANOPARTIcLE RESEARcH 2020年第7期22卷 1-11页

作者： Wang, Junhong Zhang, Qiang Liu, Junhai Ji, Xiaohui Ma, Jianyi Tian, Guanghui Shaanxi Univ Technol Shaanxi Key Lab Catalysis Coll Chem & Environm Sci Hanzhong 723000 Peoples R China

Magnetic Fe3O4/c nanoparticles with hollow grape cluster morphology were synthesized through hydrothermal method, using SBA-15 as the hard template, glucose as the carbon source, and ferric chloride hexahydrate as the iron source. As-synthesized magnetic nanomaterials were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N(2)adsorption-desorption isotherms, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the adsorption of organic dyes in water by magnetic nanoparticles was further studied. Results indicated that these magnetic nanomaterials exhibited hollow spherical structure similar to a bunch of grapes, and that magnetite Fe(3)O(4)particles were embedded in the matrix of carbon nanoscale. The specific surface area, pore volume, pore diameter, and saturation magnetization of prepared samples were 522.7 m(2)/g, 0.4454 cm(3)/g, 3.5 nm, and 31.9 emu/g, respectively. At the same time, as-synthesized materials presented excellent adsorption properties and reutilization, so the total adsorption capacities for methyl orange, methylene blue, and rhodamine B were as high as 400 mg/g, 600 mg/g, and 150 mg/g under the natural pH of solution, respectively. Therefore, it is anticipated that these hollow magnetic Fe3O4/c nanoparticles will have potential industrial application prospects in environment water purification.

关键词： Hollow nanoparticle Magnetism Fe3O4 c Adsorption Water treatment

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Influence of c-O-H Volatiles on Ni, co, and P Partition between Silicate Melt and Liquid Metal Fe Alloy at 4 GPa, 1550°c

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GEOcHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL 2020年第6期58卷 670-686页

作者： Lukanin, O. A. Tsekhonya, T. I. Koltashev, V. V. Kononkova, N. N. Russian Acad Sci Vernadsky Inst Geochem & Analyt Chem GEOKhI Moscow 119991 Russia Russian Acad Sci Fiber Opt Res Ctr Moscow 119333 Russia

A set of experiments was carried out in the system NaAlSi3O8-FeO-NiO-coO-Sic-NaH(2)PO(4)at 1550 degrees c, 4 GPa, and oxygen fugacity (fO(2)) 0.5-2.9 log. units below the iron-wustite (IW) buffer to estimate how c-O-H components can affect Ni, co, and P partition between silicate melt and a liquid metallic phase at redox conditions under which the metallic phase is segregated into melting products of the early reduced mantles of the Earth and other planetary bodies. It has been established that the Ni, co, and P partition coefficientsD(\M)(met/sil)between silicate melts saturated with carbon and containing dissolved c-O-H volatiles (mainly in the form of OH groups, H(2)and cH4) at relatively oxidized conditions (fO(2)> IW - 1.5) correspond toD(\M)(met/sil)values expected of metal-silicate melt equilibrium in volatile-free systems at analogousP,T,f(O2), andnbo/tparameters. Under more reduced conditions (fO(2)<= IW - 2), the presence of c-O-H volatiles leads to a decrease inD(\M)(met/sil)for Ni and P compared to that in "dry" melts. This difference increases with decreasingfO(2)and reaches similar to 0.5 and more than one order of magnitude for Ni and P, respectively, atfO(2)= IW - 2.9. The effect of volatiles onD(co)(met/sil)is much weaker, and hence, a decrease infO(2)leads to thatD(Ni)(met/sil)andD(co)(met/sil)converge. The Raman spectra of the experimental glasses and their SIMS analyses for hydrogen show that water content (OH + H2O) in the melts decreases with decreasingfO(2), whereas the contents of cH(4)and complexes with c-H bonds significantly increases. The likely reasons for the decrease inD(\M)(met/sil)under strongly reduced conditions may be changes in the structure of the silicate melts and the origin of complex compounds of siderophile elements with volatiles in these melts.

关键词： experiment oxygen fugacity c Ni co P silicate melt siderophile elements silicate-metal partition

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Exploring How (Ti plus Mo)/c and Ti/Mo Influence the Precipitation Behaviors within Microalloyed Steels: Experimental Evidence and Related Patents Investigation

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANcE 2020年第3期29卷 1882-1891页

作者： chen, chih-Yuan chiang, Lung-Jen chen, chien-chon Liao, Meng-Hsuan Kuo, Jih-Sheng chou, Ya-Hsuan Natl Taipei Univ Technol Grad Inst Intellectual Property Taipei 10608 Taiwan China Steel Corp Iron & Steel Res & Dev Dept Kaohsiung 81233 Taiwan Natl United Univ Dept Energy Engn Miaoli 36063 Taiwan

The main objective of the present study was to understand the influences of different atomic ratios of Ti/Mo and (Ti + Mo)/c on the precipitation behaviors in Ti-Mo HSLA steels. It was found that the steel with a higher Ti/Mo atomic ratio possessed a large theoretical volume fraction of precipitated carbides, but the ferrite matrix did not achieve a corresponding higher microhardness. On the other hand, the experimental results also indicated that it was not suitable to assess the precipitation strengthening effect of the ferrite matrix based on only one of the atomic factors, i.e., (Ti + Mo)/c or Ti/Mo. In addition, from the present study, similarity of the (Ti + Mo)/c atomic ratios is a prerequisite for comparing the precipitation hardening effects in steels having different Ti/Mo atomic ratios. Besides experimental data, the main deduction is also supported by related patent information, which further corroborates the reliability of the present study. Furthermore, of the two steels with different M/c atomic ratios, the ferrite matrix of the H-(M/c) steel showed a rising trend in Vickers hardness when the isothermal holding time was increased from 5 min to 60 min at 650-700 degrees c. This higher strengthening ability, which occurs within ferrite grains after holding at longer times, can be ascribed to the higher austenite decomposition rate occurring in the H-(M/c) atomic ratio steel. Therefore, the hardening mechanisms in both kinds of steel are also discussed in the present study.

关键词： interphase precipitation precipitation random precipitation Ti Mo (Ti plus Mo) c

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