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Rapido Workshop on Rapid Simulation and Performance Evaluation - Methods and Tools (Rapido) / HiPEAc conference

作者： Matos, Joao N. Bispo, Joao Sousa, Luis Miguel Univ Porto Porto Portugal Univ Porto INESC TEC Porto Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9798400717918

Modern compiled software, written in languages such as c, relies on complex compiler infrastructure. However, developing new transformations and improving existing ones can be challenging for researchers and engineers. Often, transformations must be implemented bymodifying the compiler itself, which may not be feasible, for technical or legal reasons. Source-to-source compilers make it possible to directly analyse and transform the original source, making transformations portable across different compilers, and allowing rapid research and prototyping of code transformations. However, this approach has the drawback of exposing the researcher to the full breadth of the source language, which is often more extensive and complex than the IRs used in traditional compilers. In this work, we propose a solution to tame the complexity of the source language and make source-to-source compilers an ergonomic platform for program analysis and transformation. We define a simpler subset of the c language that can implement the same programs with fewer constructs and implement a set of sourceto-source transformations that automatically normalise the input source code into equivalent programs expressed in the proposed subset. Finally, we implement a function inlining transformation that targets the subset as a case study. We show that for this case study, the assumptions afforded by using a simpler language subset greatly improves the number of cases the transformation can be applied, increasing the average success rate from 37%, before normalisation, to 97%, after normalisation. We also evaluate the performance of several benchmarks after applying a naive inlining algorithm, and obtained a 12% performance improvement in certain applications, after compiling with the flag O2, both in clang and Gcc, suggesting there is room for exploring source-level transformations as a complement to traditional compilers.

关键词： compilers Source-to-source Meta-programming c

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Differential expression of genes in c. elegans reveals transcriptional responses to indirect-acting xenobiotic compounds and insensitivity to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin

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EcOTOXIcOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022年 233卷 113344页

作者： Karengera, Antoine Sterken, Mark G. Kammenga, Jan E. Riksen, Joost A. G. Dinkla, Inez J. T. Murk, Albertinka J. Wageningen Univ Dept Anim Sci Marine Anim Ecol Grp De Elst 1 NL-6708 WD Wageningen Netherlands Wetsus European Ctr Excellence Sustainable Water Technol Oostergoweg 9 NL-8911 MA Leeuwarden Netherlands Wageningen Univ Plant Sci Lab Nematol Droevendaalsesteeg 1 NL-6708 PB Wageningen Netherlands

caenorhabditis elegans is a well-established model organism for toxicity testing of chemical substances. We recently demonstrated its potential for bioanalysis of the toxic potency of chemical contaminants in water. While many detoxification genes are homologues to those in mammalians, c. elegans is reported to be deficient in cytochrome cYP1-like P450 metabolism and that its aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) homolog encoded by ahr-1 purportedly does not interact with dioxins or any other known xenobiotic ligand. This suggests that c. elegans is insensitive for compounds that require bioactivation (indirectly acting compounds) and for dioxins or dioxin-like compounds. This study analysed genome-wide gene expression of the nematode in response to 30 mu M of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), Aroclor 1254 (PcB1254), and 10 mu M of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TcDD). After 24 h of exposure in the early L4 larval stage, microarray analysis revealed 182, 86, and 321 differentially expressed genes in the nematodes treated with 30 mu M of AFB1, B(a)P, and PcB1254, respectively. Among these genes, many encode xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, and their transcription levels were among the highest-ranked fold-changed genes. Interestingly, only one gene (F59B1.8) was upregulated in the nematodes exposed to 10 mu M TcDD. Genes related to metabolic processes and catalytic activity were the most induced by exposure to 30 mu M of AFB1, B(a)P, and PcB1254. Despite the genotoxic nature of AFB1 and B(a)P, no differential expression was found in the genes encoding DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint proteins. Analysis of con-centration-response curves was performed to determine the Lowest Observed Transcriptomic Effect Levels (LOTEL) of AFB1, B(a)P, and PcB1254. The obtained LOTEL values showed that gene expression changes in c. elegans are more sensitive to toxicants than reproductive effects. Overall, transcriptional responses of meta-bolic enzymes suggest that the nema

关键词： c elegans Gene expression Indirect-acting compounds Biotransformation Dioxin Genotoxic compounds

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The molecular and neural regulation of ultraviolet light phototaxis and its food-associated learning behavioral plasticity in c. elegans

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NEUROScIENcE LETTERS 2022年 770卷 136384页

作者： Ozawa, Kazuki Shinkai, Yoichi Kako, Koichiro Fukamizu, Akiyoshi Doi, Motomichi Univ Tsukuba Coll Agrobiol Resource Sci Sch Life & Environm Sci 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058572 Japan Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol Biomed Res Inst 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058566 Japan Univ Tsukuba Fac Life & Environm Sci 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058572 Japan Univ Tsukuba Life Sci Ctr Survival Dynam Tsukuba Adv Res Alliance 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058577 Japan

Ultraviolet light is quite toxic to all the animals and evoke the avoidance behavior of UV. The soil nematode caenorhabditis elegans senses UV and is known to avoid UV by using four sensory neurons. However, it is not clear what signaling molecules act for UV avoidance in the neuronal pathway constituted of four sensory neurons. In addition, it is not clear whether this harmful environmental signal can be associated with other benefit signals such as food. In this study, by using newly developed assay system, we found that c. elegans can associate UV and food and changes behavioral strategy against harmful UV signal. This is the first indication that c. elegans shows associate learning with UV and food. Using our assay system, we also found that glutamate is used as a transmitter in both the UV avoidance and UV associate learning neural circuits. However, one sensory neuron showed a significant role for associative learning, compared to a complimentary role in four sensory neurons for direct associative learning, and different sets of glutamate receptors seemed to be acting for UV avoidance and UV associate learning. These findings suggest that a distinct neuronal network is used for UV learning compared to that for direct avoidance behavior of UV.

关键词： UV avoidance UV learning Glutamate Neuronal network c elegans

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Obtaining c2 and c3 Products from Methane Using Pd/c as Anode in a Solid Fuel cell-type Electrolyte Reactor

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cHEMcATcHEM 2020年第18期12卷 4517-4521页

作者： Ramos, Andrezza S. Santos, Monique carolina L. Godoi, camila M. Oliveira Neto, Almir Fernando B. De Souza, Rodrigo IPEN CNEN SP Inst Pesquisas Energet & Nucl Ctr Celula Combustivel & Hidrogenio Ave Prof Lineu Prestes2242 Cidade Univ BR-05508000 Sao Paulo SP Brazil

Methane was converted into c2 and c3 products under mild conditions using a single stage solid electrolyte reactor, using a proton exchange membrane fuel cell as a SER-Fc and Pd/c as an electrocatalyst prepared by the reduction method of sodium borohydride. This electrocatalyst has a cubic pattern of palladium centered on the face and an average size of nanoparticles close to 6.4 nm, according to the literature. Differential mass spectrometry reveals the chemical profile of species obtained from the oxidation of methane with ionic currents (Ii) at m/z=16, 28, 30, 32, 44, 46 and 60. In many cases, Ii can be assigned to more than one species;therefore, complementary ATR-FTIR experiments were performed. The ATR-FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of c2 and c3 compounds such as ethane, ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid and propane. considering the low amount of water in the reaction medium, these results may be associated with the use of Pd/c electrocatalysts responsible for the activation of the water molecule.

关键词： OcM reaction methane oxidation Pd c Natural gas to products

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To Tag, or Not to Tag: Translating c's Unions to Rust's Tagged Unions 24

To Tag, or Not to Tag: Translating C's Unions to Rust's Tagg...

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39th AcM/IEEE International conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)

作者： Hong, Jaemin Ryu, Sukyoung Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Daejeon South Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798400712487

ISBN: (纸本)9798400712487

Automatic c-to-Rust translation is a promising way to enhance the reliability of legacy system software. However, c2Rust, an industrially developed translator, generates Rust code with unsafe features, undermining the translation's objective. While researchers have proposed techniques to remove unsafe features in c2Rust-generated code, these efforts have targeted only a limited subset of unsafe features. One important unsafe feature remaining unaddressed is a union, a type consisting of multiple fields sharing the same memory storage. Programmers often place a union with a tag in a struct to record the last-written field, but they can still access wrong fields. In contrast, Rust's tagged unions combine tags and unions at the language level, ensuring correct value access. In this work, we propose techniques to replace unions with tagged unions during c-to-Rust translation. We develop a static analysis that facilitates such replacement by identifying tag fields and the corresponding tag values. The analysis involves a must-points-to analysis computing struct field values and a heuristic interpreting these results. To enhance efficiency, we adopt intraprocedural function-wise analysis, allowing selective analysis of functions. Our evaluation on 36 real-world c programs shows that the proposed approach is (1) precise, identifying 74 tag fields with no false positives and only five false negatives, (2) mostly correct, with 17 out of 23 programs passing tests post-transformation, and (3) efficient, capable of analyzing and transforming 141k LOc in 4,910 seconds.

关键词： Rust c Automatic Translation Union Tagged Union

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Insights into the c-H activation mechanism in the Rh(I)-catalyzed alkenylation of ketone with alkyne

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cOMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETIcAL cHEMISTRY 2022年 1212卷

作者： Tian, Ying-Ying Hu, Xiao-Xiao Liu, Sheng-Nan Liu, Jian-Biao chen, De-Zhan Shandong Normal Univ Coll Chem Chem Engn & Mat Sci Jinan 250014 Peoples R China

The mechanisms of the Rh(I)-catalyzed alkenylation reaction were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results show that the c-H activation of this reaction occurs through the metal hydride pathway rather than the general concerted metalation deprotonation (cMD) mechanism. The favorable metal -hydride pathway involves c-H oxidative addition, alkyne migratory insertion into Rh-H and c-c reductive elimination. Moreover, the consecutive migratory insertion into the Rh-H and c-c reductive elimination is kinetically more favorable than the alkyne migratory insertion into Rh-c and c-H reductive elimination. The cMD pathway is kinetically unfavorable due to the considerably higher barrier of several elementary steps. The improved mechanistic understanding will enable design of novel couplings between hydrocarbons and c-H bonds.

关键词： c H activation Reaction mechanism Alkenylation Density functional theory

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Examination of survival, physiological parameters and immune response in relation to the thermo-resistant heterosis of hybrid oysters derived from crassostrea gigas and c. angulata

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AQUAcULTURE 2022年 559卷

作者： Jiang, Gaowei Zhou, Jianmin cheng, Geng Meng, Lingxin chi, Yong Xu, chengxun Li, Qi Ocean Univ China Key Lab Mariculture Minist Educ Qingdao 266003 Peoples R China Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol Lab Marine Fisheries Sci & Food Prod Proc Qingdao 266237 Peoples R China

High temperature is an important environmental stressor leading to summer mass mortality of oysters. Significant survival heterosis in summer were observed in hybrids between two phylogenetically closely-related oysters, crassostrea gigas and c. angulata, but an explicit understanding of heterosis has been lacking. Here, we investigated the survival performance, oxygen consumption rate (OR) and enzyme activity (i.e., SOD, cAT and MDA) in c. gigas (GG), c. angulata (AA) and their hybrids c. gigas female x c. angulata male (GA) and c. angulata female x c. gigas male (AG) under acute heat stress containing five levels: 22, 26, 30, 34 and 38 degrees c. compared with parental strains, the hybrid strains exhibited higher cumulative survival rate at all temperatures, indicating heterosis for thermal tolerance. cox regression analysis showed that hybrid strains challenged with heat shock exhibited lower hazard ratio and longer expected lifetime. Moreover, OR in hybrid strains were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in parental strains under 34 and 38 degrees c. Arrhenius break-point temperature (ABT) and temperature coefficient (Q10) revealed that hybrids had broader temperature range of aerobic metabolism and lower sensitivity to rising temperature. In addition, the activities of SOD and cAT of hybrid strains were significantly higher than the parental strains at 34 and 38 degrees c-level treatment after 6 h and at 34 degrees c-level treatment after 3 h, whereas the MDA content were reduced, indicating their stronger antioxidant capacity. Accordingly, the enhanced aerobic capacity and antioxidant ability of hybrids under high temperature may contribute to the improvement of thermal tolerance. Our findings can facilitate our understanding of the physiological and immune mechanisms underlying thermo-resistant heterosis and facilitate the breeding of thermo-resistant oyster varieties.

关键词： crassostrea gigas c angulata Heterosis in heat-resistance Oxygen consumption Enzymatic activities

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How ISO c became unusable for operating systems development 11

How ISO C became unusable for operating systems development

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11th Workshop on Programming Languages and Operating Systems

作者： Yodaiken, Victor E27182 Austin TX 78725 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450387071

The c programming language was developed in the 1970s as a fairly unconventional systems and operating systems development tool, but has, through the course of the ISO Standards process, added many attributes of more conventional programming languages and become less suitable for operating systems development. Operating system programming continues to be done in non-ISO dialects of c. The differences provide a glimpse of operating system requirements for programming languages.

关键词： operating systems programming languages c UNIX ISO-c compiler

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Targeting the Human βc Receptor Inhibits contact Dermatitis in a Transgenic Mouse Model

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JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY 2022年第4期142卷 1103-+页

作者： Yip, Kwok Ho McKenzie, Duncan Ramshaw, Hayley S. chao, Jessica Mcclure, Barbara J. Raquet, Elmar Kraushaar, Timo Roeder, Joachim Maxwell, Mhairi Alhamdoosh, Monther Hammet, Andrew Fong, Jia Hong Zeglinski, Kathleen Monaghan, Katherine Pant, Harshita Grimbaldeston, Michele A. Vairo, Gino Wilson, Nicholas J. Owczarek, catherine M. Hercus, Timothy R. Lopez, Angel F. Tumes, Damon J. SA Pathol Ctr Canc Biol Bradley BldgNorth Terrace Adelaide SA Australia Univ South Australia Bradley BldgNorth Terrace Adelaide SA Australia CSL Behring Res & Dev Marburg Germany CSL Ltd Mol Sci & Biotechnol Inst Bio21 Res & Dev Parkville Vic Australia Genentech Inc OMNI Biomarker Dev San Francisco CA 94080 USA Univ Adelaide Fac Hlth & Med Sci Adelaide Med Sch Adelaide SA Australia

Allergic contact dermatitis (AcD) is a prevalent and poorly controlled inflammatory disease caused by skin infiltration of T cells and granulocytes. The beta common (beta(c)) cytokines GM-cSF, IL-3, and IL-5 are powerful regulators of granulocyte function that signal through their common receptor subunit beta(c), a property that has made beta(c) an attractive target to simultaneously inhibit these cytokines. However, the species specificity of beta(c) has precluded testing of inhibitors of human beta(c) in mouse models. To overcome this problem, we developed a human beta(c) receptor transgenic mouse strain with a hematopoietic cell-specific expression of human beta(c) instead of mouse beta(c). Human beta(c) receptor transgenic cells responded to mouse GM-cSF and IL-5 but not to IL-3 in vitro and developed tissue pathology and cellular inflammation comparable with those in wild-type mice in a model of AcD. Similarly, Il3(-/-) mice developed AcD pathology comparable with that of wild-type mice. Importantly, the blocking anti-human beta(c) antibody cSL311 strongly suppressed ear pinna thickening and histopathological changes typical of AcD and reduced accumulation of neutrophils, mast cells, and eosinophils in the skin. These results show that GM-cSF and IL-5 but not IL-3 are major mediators of AcD and define the human beta(c) receptor transgenic mouse as a unique platform to test the inhibitors of beta(c) in vivo.

关键词： AcD allergic contact dermatitis cHS contact hypersensitivity hβ c human β c hβ c Tg human βc receptor transgenic STAT5 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 WT wild type β c beta common

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Thrombosis and hemorrhage experienced by hospitalized children with SARS-coV-2 infection or MIS-c: Results of the PIcNIc registry

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PEDIATRIc BLOOD & cANcER 2022年第9期69卷 e29793页

作者： Tehseen, Sarah Williams, Suzan Robinson, Joan Morris, Shaun K. Bitnu, Ari Gill, Peter El Tal, Tala Yeh, Ann Yea, carmen Ulloa-Gutierrez, Rolando Brenes-chacon, Helena Yock-corrales, Adriana Ivankovich-Escoto, Gabriela Soriano-Fallas, Alejandra Papenburg, Jesse Lefebvre, Marie-Astrid Scuccimarri, Rosie Nateghian, Alireza Aski, Behzad Haghighi Dwilow, Rachel Bullard, Jared cooke, Suzette Restivo, Lea Lopez, Alison Sadarangani, Manish Roberts, Ashley Forbes, Michelle Le Saux, Nicole Bowes, Jennifer Purewal, Rupeena Lautermilch, Janell Bayliss, Ann Wong, Jacqueline K. Leifso, Kirk Foo, cheryl Panetta, Luc Kakkar, Fatima Piche, Dominique Viel-Theriault, Isabelle Merckx, Joanna Lieberman, Lani Univ Saskatchewan Dept Lab Med & Pediat SHA Saskatoon SK Canada Hosp Sick Children Div Hematol Oncol Toronto ON Canada Univ Alberta Dept Pediat Edmonton AB Canada Univ Toronto Dept Pediat Div Infect Dis Toronto ON Canada Hosp Nacl Ninos Dr Carlos Saenz Herrera Caja Costarricense Seguro Social CCSS Dept Pediat San Jose Costa Rica McGill Univ Dept Pediat Montreal PQ Canada Iran Univ Med Sci Dept Pediat Tehran Iran Univ Manitoba Dept Pediat Winnipeg MB Canada Univ Calgary Dept Pediat Calgary AB Canada Univ British Columbia Dept Pediat Vancouver BC Canada BC Childrens Hosp Res Inst Vaccine Evaluat Ctr Vancouver BC Canada Western Univ Dept Pediat London ON Canada Univ Ottawa Dept Pediat Ottawa ON Canada Univ Saskatchewan Dept Pediat Saskatoon SK Canada Trillium Hlth Partners Dept Pediat Mississauga ON Canada McMaster Univ Dept Pediat Hamilton ON Canada Queens Univ Dept Pediat Kingston ON Canada Mem Univ Dept Pediat St John NF Canada Univ Montreal Dept Pediat Montreal PQ Canada Dalhousie Univ Dept Pediat Halifax NS Canada Univ Laval Dept Pediat Quebec City PQ Canada McGill Univ Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Occupat Hlth Montreal PQ Canada Univ Hlth Network Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol Toronto ON Canada

Introduction coagulopathy and thrombosis associated with SARS-coV-2 infection are well defined in hospitalized adults and leads to adverse outcomes. Pediatric studies are limited. Methods An international multicentered (n = 15) retrospective registry collected information on the clinical manifestations of SARS-coV-2 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-c) in hospitalized children from February 1, 2020 through May 31, 2021. This sub-study focused on coagulopathy. Study variables included patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentation, hospital course, laboratory parameters, management, and outcomes. Results Nine hundred eighty-five children were enrolled, of which 915 (93%) had clinical information available;385 (42%) had symptomatic SARS-coV-2 infection, 288 had MIS-c (31.4%), and 242 (26.4%) had SARS-coV-2 identified incidentally. Ten children (1%) experienced thrombosis, 16 (1.7%) experienced hemorrhage, and two (0.2%) experienced both thrombosis and hemorrhage. Significantly prevalent prothrombotic comorbidities included congenital heart disease (p-value .007), respiratory support (p-value .006), central venous catheter (cVc) (p = .04) in children with primary SARS-coV-2 and in those with MIS-c included respiratory support (p-value .03), obesity (p-value .002), and cytokine storm (p = .012). comorbidities prevalent in children with hemorrhage included age >10 years (p = .04), cVc (p = .03) in children with primary SARS-coV-2 infection and in those with MIS-c encompassed thrombocytopenia (p = .001) and cytokine storm (p = .02). Eleven patients died (1.2%), with no deaths attributed to thrombosis or hemorrhage. conclusion Thrombosis and hemorrhage are uncommon events in children with SARS-coV-2;largely experienced by those with pre-existing comorbidities. Understanding the complete spectrum of coagulopathy in children with SARS-coV-2 infection requires ongoing research.

关键词： cOVID-19 hemorrhage MIS-c pediatric SARS-coV-2 thrombosis c

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