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chronic Rifaximin Use in cirrhotic Patients Is Associated with Decreased Rate of c. difficile Infection

DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND ScIENcES 2020年第2期65卷 632-638页

作者： Feuerstadt, Paul Hong, Simon J. Brandt, Lawrence J. Gastroenterol Ctr Connecticut 2200 Whitney AveSuite 360 Hamden CT 06518 USA Yale Univ Sch Med Div Digest Dis New Haven CT 06520 USA Montefiore Med Ctr Albert Einstein Coll Med Div Gastroenterol 111 East 210th St Bronx NY 10467 USA

Background and Aim Rifaximin is an antimicrobial which is used for prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and has known anti-clostridioides difficile activity. The aim of this study is to assess whether the rate of c. difficile infection (cDI) is decreased in patients with cirrhosis on chronic rifaximin compared with those who are not. Methods We retrospectively identified consecutive patients admitted to Montefiore Medical center from 2010 to 2014 with cirrhosis and diarrhea who were tested for cDI. Demographics, comorbidities, medication exposure, baseline laboratory data, and outcomes were recorded. Patients with cirrhosis and diarrhea on chronic rifaximin were compared with those not on rifaximin. The chronic rifaximin group was then isolated, and those with and without cDI were compared. Results Of 701 patients with cirrhosis and diarrhea, 149 were on chronic rifaximin and 552 were not. 12.8% of patients on chronic rifaximin had cDI compared with 29.7% of those not on rifaximin (P < 0.001). Patients on rifaximin had higher MELD (19.7 vs. 15.5, P < 0.001), 30-day mortality (26.2% vs. 16.1%, P < 0.01), and IcU requirement compared with those not on rifaximin. conclusion Patients with cirrhosis who are on chronic rifaximin have decreased rates of cDI compared with those not on this therapy. Despite its risk for promoting resistance, chronic rifaximin use may have a beneficial effect in preventing cDI in patients with cirrhosis.

关键词： cirrhosis c difficile Rifaximin Infection

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Recurrent and metastatic extragastrointestinal stromal tumors of the mesentery with c-KIT and PDGFRA mutations: a case report

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cANcER BIOLOGY & THERAPY 2020年第2期21卷 101-107页

作者： Yayu, Huang changmao, Zhang Yijun, Dai Na, Lin Tianwen, Xu Yangbin, Dai Fujian Med Univ Affiliated Hosp 2 Dept Med Oncol Quanzhou 362000 Fujian Peoples R China Fujian Med Univ Sch Clin Med Fuzhou Fujian Peoples R China Fujian Med Univ Affiliated Hosp 2 Dept Pathol Quanzhou Fujian Peoples R China

EGISTs originating outside the gastrointestinal tract share some similarities with the GISTs regarding their immunohistochemical features including the positive expression of cD117 and cD34. The majority of EGISTs carry activating mutations of the c-KIT or PDGFRA genes. However, there is no precedent in the literature where the two mutations occur in one case of EGISTs to date. We describe herein, a 52-year-old female who presented as mesenteric and pelvic regions masses showing positive immunoreactivity for cD117, DOG-1, cD34. Mutation analysis identified two mutations that located in the exon 13 of c-KIT and in the exon 18 of PDGFRA. The patient was treated sequentially with imatinib, sunitinib, sorafenib, and regorafenib. However, the prognosis was undesirable. Previous research has shown that expression of members of Bcl-2 family may be helpful in predicting prognosis, the survival time, and the resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. IHc was performed to detect the expression of BcL-2 family. The results show that high BcL-2 expression and low BAX expression in both specimens. In conclusion, our case may suggest that the presence of both c-KIT and PDGFRA mutations in EGISTs patients may indicate a very poor prognosis;and the expression level of BcL-2 and BAX could predict clinical outcome.

关键词： EGIST c KIT PDGFRA cD117 cD34 DOG-1 BcL-2 BAX

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First report of cryptosporidium viatorum and cryptosporidium occultus in humans in china, and of the unique novel c. viatorum subtype XVaA3h

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BMc INFEcTIOUS DISEASES 2020年第1期20卷 1-11页

作者： Xu, Ning Liu, Hua Jiang, Yanyan Yin, Jianhai Yuan, Zhongying Shen, Yujuan cao, Jianping Minist Hlth Key Lab Parasite & Vector Biol Shanghai 200025 Peoples R China Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Natl Inst Parasit Dis Shanghai 200025 Peoples R China Chinese Ctr Trop Dis Res Shanghai 200025 Peoples R China WHO Collaborating Ctr Trop Dis Shanghai 200025 Peoples R China Minist Sci & Technol Natl Ctr Int Res Trop Dis Shanghai 200025 Peoples R China

Background cryptosporidium is a genus of common intestinal protozoa, members of which cause diarrhea in a wide variety of hosts. Previous studies on cryptosporidium in china have mainly focused on diarrhea sufferers, children, and immunodeficient individuals such as HIV/AIDS patients. However, the epidemiological characteristics of cryptosporidium in the population in rural areas remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the prevalence of, and risk factors for, cryptosporidium in rural areas of Binyang county, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, china, and genetically characterized the cryptosporidium isolates we obtained. Methods From August to December 2016, two villages in Binyang county, Guangxi, were sampled using a random cluster sampling method. Fresh fecal samples were collected from all eligible residents (residence time > 6 months). Molecular characterization of cryptosporidium was carried out based on its SSU rRNA, gp60, actin and hsp70 gene sequences. Fisher's exact test were conducted to assess the risk factors for cryptosporidium infection. Results A total of 400 fecal samples were collected from 195 males (48.8%) and 205 females (51.2%). Two samples (0.5%) were positive for cryptosporidium and were identified as c. viatorum and c. occultus respectively. Moreover, a new c. viatorum subtype XVaA3h was identified based on the sequence of the gp 60 gene. conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of c. viatorum and c. occultus infections in humans in china and of c. viatorum subtype XVaA3h. The findings provide important information on the prevalence of cryptosporidium in the chinese population, and expand the range of cryptosporidium species known to infect people in china.

关键词： cryptosporidium Subtype c viatorum c occultus Rural area

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Fluid and ore sources of the tungsten mineralisation in the Yangbishan iron-tungsten deposit, Heilongjiang Province, North-eastern china: constraints from fluid inclusions, sulphide S-Pb isotopes and scheelite c-H-O-Sm-Nd isotopes

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GEOLOGIcAL JOURNAL 2020年第5期55卷 3957-3976页

作者： Hao, Yujie Ren, Yunsheng Yang, Qun Sun, Zhenming Ma, Yupeng Lai, Ke Jilin Univ Coll Earth Sci Changchun 130061 Peoples R China Minist Land & Resources China Key Lab Mineral Resources Evaluat Northeast Asia Changchun Peoples R China

The Yangbishan iron-tungsten deposit, located in the central part of the Jiamusi Massif, Heilongjiang Province, NE china, is the oldest tungsten deposit in NE china to date. Both ore-forming conditions and mineralisation characteristics indicate that tungsten mineralisation belongs to the skarn type. Petrography, microthermometric measurements and laser Raman spectroscopy of fluid inclusions in quartz grains associated with scheelite indicate that the ore-forming fluid of the tungsten mineralisation in Yangbishan deposit belonged to the moderate-temperature Nacl-H2O-cH4 +/- N-2 system. Fluid inclusion analyses indicate that ore-forming fluid experienced decreasing temperatures and fluid degassing, inducing scheelite precipitation. Analysis of c, H and O isotopes of fluid inclusions within scheelite grains show delta c-13 values varying from -20.7 to -24.9 parts per thousand, delta D from -109.9 to -119.9 parts per thousand, delta O-18 from 6.8 to 10.0 parts per thousand and delta O-18(H2O) from 8.7 to 11.9 parts per thousand. These data, together with c, H and O isotope compositions of the quartz associated with scheelite in tungsten ores, imply that ore-forming fluid was derived dominantly from magma but influenced by organic material (reducing carbon) derived from wall rocks. Sm/Nd ratios of scheelite vary from 0.15 to 0.21, epsilon(Nd) (t = 520 Ma) values from -5.64 to -17.95 (average of -10.21) and T-DM2 values from 702 and 2693 Ma (average of 2070 Ma), indicating the ores were sourced from ancient crustal rocks. The compositions of c-H-O-S-Pb and Nd isotopes support the fact that interaction between crust-derived magma and strata rich in organics played an important role in the tungsten mineralisation of the Yangbishan deposit.

关键词： c H O isotopes fluid inclusion scheelite Sm Nd isotopes S Pb isotopes Yangbishan iron tungsten deposit

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(N),c,N-coordinated Heavier Group 13-15 compounds: Synthesis, Structure and Applications

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cHEMPLUScHEM 2020年第10期85卷 2320-2340页

作者： Dostal, Libor Jambor, Roman Aman, Michal Hejda, Martin Univ Pardubice Fac Chem Technol Dept Gen & Inorgan Chem Studentska 573 Pardubice 53210 Czech Republic

The aim of this review is to summarize recent achievements in the field of (N),c,N-coordinated group 13-15 compounds not only regarding their synthesis and structure, but mainly focusing on their potential applications. Relevant compounds contain various types of N-coordinating ligands built up on an ortho-(di)substituted phenyl platform. Thus, group 13 and 14 derivatives were used as single-source precursors for the deposition of semiconducting thin films, as building blocks for the preparation of high-molecular polymers with remarkable optical and chemical properties or as compounds with interesting reactivity in hydrometallation processes. Group 15 derivatives function as catalysts in the Mannich reaction, in the allylation of aldehydes or activation of cO2. They were used as transmetallation reagents in transition metal catalysed coupling reactions. The univalent species serve as ligands for transition metals, activate alkynes or alkenes and are utilized as catalysts in the transfer hydrogenation of azo-compounds.

关键词： (N) c N chelating ligands homogeneous catalysis intramolecular interactions main-group elements metal-containing polymers

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Osmotic pressure effects identify dehydration upon cytochrome c-cytochrome c oxidase complex formation contributing to a specific electron pathway formation

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BIOcHEMIcAL JOURNAL 2020年第8期477卷 1565-1578页

作者： Sato, Wataru Hitaoka, Seiji Uchida, Takeshi Shinzawa-Itoh, Kyoko Yoshizawa, Kazunari Yoshikawa, Shinya Ishimori, Koichiro Hokkaido Univ Grad Sch Chem Sci & Engn Sapporo Hokkaido 0608628 Japan Kyushu Univ Inst Mat Chem & Engn Fukuoka 8190315 Japan Hokkaido Univ Fac Sci Dept Chem Sapporo Hokkaido 0600810 Japan Univ Hyogo Grad Sch Life Sci Picobiol Inst Kamigori Hyogo 6781297 Japan

In the electron transfer (ET) reaction from cytochrome c (cyt c) to cytochrome c oxidase (ccO), we determined the number and sites of the hydration water released from the protein surface upon the formation of the ET complex by evaluating the osmotic pressure dependence of kinetics for the ET from cyt c to ccO. We identified that similar to 20 water molecules were dehydrated in complex formation under turnover conditions, and systematic cyt c mutations in the interaction site for ccO revealed that nearly half of the released hydration water during the complexation were located around Ile81, one of the hydrophobic amino acid residues near the exposed heme periphery of cyt c. Such a dehydration dominantly compensates for the entropy decrease due to the association of cyt c with ccO, resulting in the entropy-driven ET reaction. The energetic analysis of the interprotein interactions in the ET complex predicted by the docking simulation suggested the formation of hydrophobic interaction sites surrounding the exposed heme periphery of cyt c in the cyt c-ccO interface (a 'molecular breakwater'). Such sites would contribute to the formation of the hydrophobic ET pathway from cyt c to ccO by blocking water access from the bulk water phase.

关键词： complex IV cytochrome c dehydration electron transfer osmotic pressure

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RAcK1 promotes miR-302b/c/d-3p expression and inhibits ccNO expression to induce cell apoptosis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma

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cANcER cELL INTERNATIONAL 2020年第1期20卷 1-12页

作者： Wang, Jing chen, Shengcai Youjiang Med Univ Nationalities Dept Gynaecol Affiliated Hosp 18 Zhongshan Second Rd Baise 533000 Guangxi Zhuang Peoples R China

Backgroundcervical squamous cell carcinoma (cScc) is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. The present study was conducted with the main objective of determining the potential role of receptor for activated protein kinase c1 (RAcK1) in cScc through regulation of microRNA (miR)-302b/c/d-3p and cyclin O (ccNO).MethodsThe expression of RAcK1, miR-302b/c/d-3p and ccNO in cScc tissues and cells was measured by RT-qPcR and Western blot analysis. The interaction among RAcK1, miR-302b/c/d-3p, and ccNO was determined by dual luciferase reporter assay. Subsequently, effects of RAcK1, miR-302b/c/d-3p and ccNO on cScc cell cycle entry, proliferation and apoptosis were investigated with the use of flow cytometry, EdU, and TUNEL assays. Furthermore, mouse xenograft model of cScc cells was established to verify the function of RAcK1 in ***1 and miR-302b/c/d-3p were down-regulated and ccNO was overexpressed in cScc. ccNO was identified as the target of miR-302b/c/d-3p. Importantly, overexpressed miR-302b-3p, miR-302c-3p or miR-302d-3p or RAcK1 enhanced the apoptosis and suppressed the proliferation of cScc cells in vitro, while inhibiting tumor growth in vivo by targeting *** all accounts, overexpressed RAcK1 could dampen the progression of cScc through miR-302b/c/d-3p-mediated ccNO inhibition.

关键词： cervical squamous cell carcinoma Receptor for activated protein c kinase 1 cyclin O MicroRNA-302b c d-3p Apoptosis

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c. elegansAcATregulates lipolysis and its related lifespan in fasting through modulation of the genes in lipolysis and insulin/IGF-1 signaling

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BIOFAcTORS 2020年第5期46卷 754-765页

作者： Bai, Juan Farias-Pereira, Renalison Zhang, Yuan Jang, Miran Park, Yeonhwa Kim, Kee-Hong Jiangsu Univ Sch Food & Biol Engn Zhenjiang Jiangsu Peoples R China Purdue Univ Dept Food Sci W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Univ Massachusetts Dept Food Sci Amherst MA 01003 USA Southwest Univ Coll Food Sci Chongqing Peoples R China Purdue Univ Ctr Canc Res W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

Overly active acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferases (AcATs) are known to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, cancer cell proliferation and de novo lipogenesis. However, the role of AcAT in systemic lipid metabolism and its consequence of aging is unknown. Using avasimibe, a clinically proven AcAT inhibitor, andmboa-1mutant strain, a homologous to mammalianAcAT, herein, we found that Ava treatment andmboa-1mutant exhibited a decreased fat accumulation during feeding and increased lipolysis with extended lifespan ofc. elegansduring fasting. Our study highlights the essential role of AcAT inhibitor andmboa-1in fat mobilization and the survival ofc. elegansin fasting through the modulation of the genes involved in lipolysis and insulin/IGF-1 signaling.

关键词： avasimibe c elegans fasting lifespan MBOA-1

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miR-34a/c induce caprine endometrial epithelial cell apoptosis by regulating circ-8073/cEP55 via the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways

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JOURNAL OF cELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY 2020年第12期235卷 10051-10067页

作者： Liu, Xiaorui Zhang, Lei Yang, Lichun cui, Jiuzeng che, Sicheng Liu, Yuexia Han, Jincheng An, Xiaopeng cao, Binyun Song, Yuxuan Northwest A&F Univ Coll Anim Sci & Technol 22 Xinong Rd Yangling 712100 Shaanxi Peoples R China

microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important for endometrial receptivity establishment and embryo implantation in mammals. miR-34a and miR-34c are highly expressed in caprine receptive endometrium (RE). Herein, the functions and mechanisms of miR-34a/c in caprine endometrial epithelial cell (cEEc) apoptosis and RE establishment were investigated. miR-34a/c downregulated the expression level of centrosomal protein 55 (cEP55) and were sponged by circRNA8073 (circ-8073), thereby exhibiting a negative interaction in cEEc. miR-34a/c induced cEEc apoptosis by targeting circ-8073/cEP55 through the regulation of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and phosphoitide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Positive and negative feedback loops and cross-talk were documented between the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. miR-34a/c regulated the levels of RE marker genes, including forkhead box M1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and osteopontin (OPN). These results suggest that miR-34a/c not only induce cEEc apoptosis by binding to circ-8073 and cEP55 via the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, but may also regulate RE establishment in dairy goats.

关键词： apoptosis caprine endometrial epithelial cell cEP55 circ-8073 miR-34a c receptive endometrium

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Pushing the boundaries of c-H bond functionalization chemistry using flow technology

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JOURNAL OF FLOW cHEMISTRY 2020年第1期10卷 13-71页

作者： Govaerts, Sebastian Nyuchev, Alexander Noel, Timothy Eindhoven Univ Technol Dept Chem Engn & Chem Micro Flow Chem & Synthet Methodol Den Dolech 2 NL-5612 AZ Eindhoven Netherlands Univ Manchester Sch Chem Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England

c-H functionalization chemistry is one of the most vibrant research areas within synthetic organic chemistry. While most researchers focus on the development of small-scale batch-type transformations, more recently such transformations have been carried out in flow reactors to explore new chemical space, to boost reactivity or to enable scalability of this important reaction class. Herein, an up-to-date overview of c-H bond functionalization reactions carried out in continuous-flow microreactors is presented. A comprehensive overview of reactions which establish the formal conversion of a c-H bond into carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds is provided;this includes metal-assisted c-H bond cleavages, hydrogen atom transfer reactions and c-H bond functionalizations which involve an S-E-type process to aromatic or olefinic systems. Particular focus is devoted to showcase the advantages of flow processing to enhance c-H bond functionalization chemistry. consequently, it is our hope that this review will serve as a guide to inspire researchers to push the boundaries of c-H functionalization chemistry using flow technology.

关键词： cross coupling c H activation catalysis Microreactor Flow chemistry

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