The paper discusses about a novel combination of Aluminium 7075 reinforced with Boron carbide (B4c) in nano form in terms of wear behavior. This type of composites are popular now a day's addressing various needs ...
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The paper discusses about a novel combination of Aluminium 7075 reinforced with Boron carbide (B4c) in nano form in terms of wear behavior. This type of composites are popular now a day's addressing various needs of industry especially where the weight, mechanical and wear properties of the alloy have a significant effect on end application. The present investigational work involves base metal Aluminium 7075 reinforced with B4c in nano form in various percentages by weight (3 to 12%). The specimens were prepared by stir casting process as per ASTM standards and were tested for their behavioral aspects towards wear using pin on disc. The taguchi approach was applied to optimize the process parameters for the case. The process has four factors, four levels considering, composition of nano B4c as 3%,6%, 9% and 12%, load variations in steps are 10, 20, 30 and 40 N, speeds selected are 100, 200, 300, and 400 rpm respectively and sliding distances preferred are 500,1000,1500 and 2000 m to study the effects on wear. Post experimentation analysis established that the presence of nano B4c particles has shown considerable reduction in wear with the samples.
corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (***) is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause cheese lymphadenitis in goats. In order to obtain detailed information about the pathogenesis and host immune response of goats infected w...
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corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (***) is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause cheese lymphadenitis in goats. In order to obtain detailed information about the pathogenesis and host immune response of goats infected with ***, we used tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeling proteomic analysis to detect differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in dairy goats infected with ***, and confirmed the altered proteins with western blot. A total of 6611 trusted proteins were identified, and 126 proteins were differentially abundant. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that all DEPs were annotated as biological processes, cell composition, and molecular functions. Biological processes mainly involve acute inflammation and immune response;cell components mainly involve extracellular areas and high-density lipoprotein particles;molecular functions are mainly antigen binding, ferric iron binding, and iron ion binding. KEGG analysis showed that a total of 102 pathways were significantly enriched, mainly lysosomes, phagosomes, and mineral absorption pathways. Our findings provided the relevant knowledge of spleen protein levels in goats infected with c. pseudotuberculosis and revealed the complex molecular pathways and immune response mechanisms in the process of *** infection. Significance: *** is the most fatal infectious disease in dairy goats, causing huge economic losses. However, the molecular pathways and immune response mechanisms of *** infection in goats remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted a comparative quantitative proteomics study on dairy goats infected with ***. The results provide a basis for better understanding the complexity of *** infection, reveal the complex molecular pathways and immune response mechanisms in *** infection, and provide some clues for identifying potential therapeutic targets. This is the first repor
Background Psychological stress is a risk factor for irritable bowel syndrome, a functional gastrointestinal pain disorder featuring abnormal brain-gut connectivity. The guanylate cyclase-c (Gc-c) agonist linaclotide ...
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Background Psychological stress is a risk factor for irritable bowel syndrome, a functional gastrointestinal pain disorder featuring abnormal brain-gut connectivity. The guanylate cyclase-c (Gc-c) agonist linaclotide has been shown to relieve abdominal pain in IBS-c and exhibits antinociceptive effects in rodent models of post-inflammatory visceral hypersensitivity. However, the role Gc-c signaling plays in psychological stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity is unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that Gc-c agonism reverses stress-induced colonic hypersensitivity via inhibition of nociceptive afferent signaling resulting in normalization of stress-altered corticotropin-releasing factor (cRF) expression in brain regions involved in pain perception and modulation. Methods Adult female rats were exposed to water avoidance stress or sham stress for 10 days, and the effects of linaclotide on stress-induced changes in colonic sensitivity, corticolimbic phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK), and cRF expression were measured using a combination of behavioral assessments, immunohistochemistry, and qRT-PcR. Key Results Stressed rats exhibited colonic hypersensitivity and elevated corticolimbic pERK on day 11, which was inhibited by linaclotide. qRT-PcR analysis revealed dysregulated cRF expression in the medial prefrontal cortex, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and central nucleus of the amygdala on day 28. Dysregulated cRF expression was not affected by linaclotide treatment. conclusions and Inferences Our results demonstrate that exposure to repeated stress induces chroniccolonic hypersensitivity in conjunction with altered corticolimbic activation and cRF expression. Gc-c agonism attenuated stress-induced colonic hypersensitivity and ERK phosphorylation, but had no effect on cRF expression, suggesting the analgesic effects of linaclotide occur independent of stress-driven cRF gene expression in corticolimbiccircuitry.
We have reported recently that submaximal inhibition of the Sarco Endoplasmic Reticulum ca2+ ATPase (SERcA) produces an increase in the lifespan of c. elegans worms. We have explored here the mechanism of this increas...
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We have reported recently that submaximal inhibition of the Sarco Endoplasmic Reticulum ca2+ ATPase (SERcA) produces an increase in the lifespan of c. elegans worms. We have explored here the mechanism of this increased survival by studying the effect of SERcA inhibition in several mutants of signaling pathways related to longevity. Our data show that the mechanism of the effect is unrelated with the insulin signaling pathway or the sirtuin activity, because SERcA inhibitors increased lifespan similarly in mutants of these pathways. However, the effect required functional mitochondria and both the AMP kinase and TOR pathways, as the SERcA inhibitors were ineffective in the corresponding mutants. The same effects were obtained after reducing SERcA expression with submaximal RNAi treatment. The SERcA inhibitors did not induce ER-stress at the concentrations used, and their effect was not modified by inactivation of the OP50 bacterial food. Altogether, our data suggest that the effect may be due to a reduced ER-mitochondria ca2+ transfer acting via AMPK activation and mTOR inhibition to promote survival.
NADPH is a cofactor used by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes to block ROS produced in cells. Recently, it was shown that in cancer cells, ROS progressively increases in tune to cell cycle leading to a ...
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NADPH is a cofactor used by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes to block ROS produced in cells. Recently, it was shown that in cancer cells, ROS progressively increases in tune to cell cycle leading to a peak in mitosis. Loss of IDH2 is known to cause severe oxidative stress in cell and mouse models as ROS increases in mitochondria. Therefore, we hypothesized that IDH2, a major NADPH-producing enzyme in mitochondria is ubiquitinated for ROS to increase in mitosis. To test this hypothesis, in cancer cells we examined IDH2 ubiquitination in mitosis and measured the ROS produced. We found that IDH2 is ubiquitinated in mitosis and on inhibiting anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APc/c) IDH2 was stabilized. Further, we observed that overexpressing APc/ccoactivator cDH1 decreased IDH2, whereas depleting cDH1 decreased IDH2 ubiquitination. To understand the link between IDH2 ubiquitination and ROS produced in mitosis, we show that overexpressing mitochondria-targeted-IDH1 decreased ROS by increasing NADPH in IDH2 ubiquitinated cells. We conclude that APc/ccDH1 ubiquitinates IDH2, a major NADPH-producing enzyme in mitochondria contributing to ROS increase in mitosis. Based on our results, we suggest that mitosis can be a therapeutic window in mutant IDH2-linked pathologies.
High temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) is a known degradation mechanism in the refining industry for carbon and low alloy steels operating at temperatures above 400 degrees F in hydrogen service. Historically the int...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780791886175
High temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) is a known degradation mechanism in the refining industry for carbon and low alloy steels operating at temperatures above 400 degrees F in hydrogen service. Historically the integrity of operating equipment subject to these conditions has been ensured by using the empirically derived Nelson curves to identify safe operating regions. This approach was largely successful, but failures still occurred and, in some cases, required overly conservative operational limits. Additionally, this approach did not allow for a defect tolerance approach to fitness for service (FFS) assessments. An on-going joint-industry project (JIP) has been addressing these issues by generating laboratory crack growth data and developing models to apply the acquired knowledge in FFS assessments. A testing program was conducted on three (3) c-0.5 Mo steels to generate crack growth data in hydrogen at a range of temperatures (316 to 399 degrees c [600 to 750 degrees F]), 5.52 MPa (800 psig H-2) hydrogen pressure, and stress intensity values between (10.5 to 35.4 MPavm [9 to 32 ksi root in]). These results were used to validate and refine a crack growth model based on the creep crack growth fracture mechanics approach, c*. The results of the test program and modeling efforts are described in detail.
The use of Machine Learning in IoT devices has become the only viable path in today's landscape, where millions of connected devices surround us and increasingly affect our lives. These resource-limited devices in...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665481526
The use of Machine Learning in IoT devices has become the only viable path in today's landscape, where millions of connected devices surround us and increasingly affect our lives. These resource-limited devices interact with the surrounding world via actuators and sensors. Many of these devices use Machine Learning techniques to be able to interpret the world and choose the appropriate action to take. Therefore the purpose of this work is to create a system that allows the application of Machine Learning algorithms directly to the ends of the network, where sensors and actuators reside. The system is designed to rely on the SENSIPLUS smart-sensor as a data acquisition device, and consists of an automaticcode generation and compilation system, which through the use of a Toolchain, allows to run artificial intelligence algorithms directly on microcontroller devices.
A new integrated filler metal/base metal manufacturing method by cold spray additive manufacturing is proposed. The integrated cuTi filler metal/GH3536 and cuTi + W composite filler metal/GH3536 are prepar...
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A new integrated filler metal/base metal manufacturing method by cold spray additive manufacturing is proposed. The integrated cuTi filler metal/GH3536 and cuTi + W composite filler metal/GH3536 are prepared by cold spray additive manufacturing techniques. The large plastic deformation of cu and Ti particles and the tamping effect of W particles promote the interfacial bonding of particles, which improves the weldability of cold sprayed cuTi + W composite filler metals. Based on the cold sprayed cuTi + W composite filler metal, the c f /Siccomposites and GH3536 are successfully brazed, and the typical microstructure and brazing mechanism are investigated. As a result, the shear strength of c f /Sic-GH3536 joint brazed by cold sprayed cuTi + W composite filler metal reaches 77 MPa. This study highlightes the great potential of cold spray additive manufacturing for integrated filler metal/base metal manufacturing in brazing.
Reconstructing past vegetation can elucidate the timing, climate forcings, and biotic mechanisms of ecosystem change. Plant macro- and microfossils are traditionally used to study past vegetation but suffer from produ...
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Reconstructing past vegetation can elucidate the timing, climate forcings, and biotic mechanisms of ecosystem change. Plant macro- and microfossils are traditionally used to study past vegetation but suffer from production and taphonomic biases, such as underrepresentation of important herbaceous vegetation components. Geochemical proxies can fill this gap, but carbon isotopes (δ 13 c) in isolation are unable to distinguish between structurally different c 3 habitats, such as forests and grasslands. Thus, new geochemical methods to identify grassy c 3 ecosystems are necessary. We present n -alkane chain length distributions of 209 plant specimens from two Kenyan c 3 -dominated ecosystems, representing a wide range of plant functional types (PFTs). We find that c 3 PAcMAD grasses produce exceptionally high abundances of long chain c 33 and c 35 n -alkanes (AcL = 32.7, mean c 33 + c 35 relative abundance = 0.69), unlike other c 3 PFTs which produce low abundances of c 33 and c 35 (AcL = 28.9–30.3, mean c 33 + c 35 relative abundance = 0.0–0.21). This finding highlights the importance of measuring and reporting the c 35 n -alkane. Our data further demonstrate that n -alkane distributions can serve as a proxy for some African c 3 PAcMAD grasses, offering a new paleoecological tool for distinguishing c 3 vegetation types.
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