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Greatly Enhanced Electrocatalytic N2Reduction over V2O3/c by P Doping

cHEMNANOMAT 2020年第9期6卷 1315-1319页

作者： cheng, Xin Wang, Jianwei Xiong, Wei Wang, Ting Wu, Tongwei Lu, Siyu chen, Guang Gao, Shuyan Shi, Xifeng Jiang, Zhenju Niu, Xiaobin Sun, Xuping Xihua Univ Sch Sci Chengdu 610039 Sichuan Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Inst Fundamental & Frontier Sci Chengdu 610054 Sichuan Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Green Catalysis Ctr Zhengzhou 450001 Henan Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Coll Chem Zhengzhou 450001 Henan Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Mat & Energy Chengdu 611731 Sichuan Peoples R China Qufu Normal Univ Green Key Lab Life Organ Anal Sch Chem & Chem Engn Qufu 273165 Shandong Peoples R China Qufu Normal Univ Key Lab Pharmaceut Intermediates & Anal Nat Med Sch Chem & Chem Engn Qufu 273165 Shandong Peoples R China Henan Normal Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Xinxiang 453007 Henan Peoples R China Shandong Normal Univ Coll Chem Chem Engn & Mat Sci Jinan 250014 Shandong Peoples R China

As a carbon-neutral alternative technology to the Haber-Bosch process, electrochemical N(2)reduction enables eco-friendly NH(3)synthesis under ambient conditions but requires electrocatalysts to drive the N(2)reduction reaction (NRR). Here, P doping is proposed as a valid strategy to greatly increase the NRR activity of the V2O3/c shuttle-like nanostructure. In 0.1 M Na2SO4, the NH(3)yield of original V2O3/c is 12.6 mu g h(-1) mg(cat.)(-1)and a Faraday efficiency (FE) of 6.06% at -0.45 V and -0.25 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), respectively. P-doped V2O3/c (P-V2O3/c), with a mass ratio of P of 6.05%, is capable of achieving a large NH(3)yield of 22.4 mu g h(-1) mg(cat.)(-1)at -0.35 V vs. RHE, and a high FE of 13.78% at -0.25 V vs. RHE. It also shows high electrochemical durability and outstanding selectivity for NH(3)formation. combined with density functional theory calculations, the catalytic mechanism was further explored.

关键词： P doping V2O3 c N(2)reduction reaction ambient NH(3)synthesis density functional theory

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Response of Soil Microbial community to c:N:P Stoichiometry along acaragana korshinskiiRestoration Gradient on the Loess Plateau, china

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FORESTS 2020年第8期11卷 823页

作者： Zhang, Xinyi Li, Wenjie Zhong, Zekun Zhang, Qingyue Wang, Xing Han, Xinhui Ren, chengjie Yang, Gaihe Northwest Agr & Forestry Univ Coll Agron Yangling 712100 Shaanxi Peoples R China Res Ctr Recycle Agr Engn & Technol Shaanxi Prov Yangling 712100 Shaanxi Peoples R China

Soil microorganisms play crucial roles between plants and soil following afforestation. However, the relationship between the microbial community and carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (c:N:P) stoichiometry in the plant-soil-microbe continuum remains unclear. In this study, we investigated this relationship by collecting plant and soil samples fromcaragana korshinskiiKom. plantations with different years of afforestation (17-, 32-, and 42-year-old plantations), and from farmland. Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA was used to examine the soil microbial community and the c, N, and P concentrations in plants, soil, and microbial biomass. Other soil characteristics were also measured. The results showed that the c and N concentrations in plants (leaves, herbs, and litter), soil, and microbial biomass increased as the vegetation restoration stage increased, but the P concentration in leaves and herbs slightly decreased. The c:P and N:P ratios in the plant-soil-microbe continuum substantially increased over time, particularly that of the microbial biomass. These results suggest that the unbalanced increase of c, N, and P following vegetation restoration may result in a P limitation in plant-soil systems. Moreover, bacterial and fungal alpha diversity significantly increased following afforestation. Afforestation had a greater impact on bacterial diversity (both alpha and beta diversity) than did fungal diversity. Among the dominant bacterial taxa,Proteobacteriaincreased significantly with afforestation time, whereasActinobacteriadecreased andAcidobacteriapeaked in 32-year-oldc. korshinskiiplantations. However, there were no significant changes in the dominant fungal taxa. collectively, we found that microbial diversity and dominant phyla were closely associated with the c:P and N:P ratios in the plant-soil-microbe continuum, particularly the N:P ratio. These results suggest that microbial diversity and composition may be limit

关键词： soil microbial community c N P stoichiometry the Loess Plateau Illumina sequencing afforestation

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Biological Aging Modulates cell Migration via Lamin A/c-Dependent Nuclear Motion

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MIcROMAcHINES 2020年第9期11卷 801-801页

作者： Park, Jung-Won Han, Seong-Beom Hah, Jungwon Lee, Geonhui Kim, Jeong-Ki Kim, Soo Hyun Kim, Dong-Hwee Korea Univ KU KIST Grad Sch Converging Sci & Technol Seoul 02841 South Korea Korea Inst Sci & Technol Biomed Res Inst Ctr Biomat Seoul 02792 South Korea

Aging is a progressive functional decline in organs and tissues over time and typically represents the accumulation of psychological and social changes in a human being. Diverse diseases, such as cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative disorders, are now understood to be caused by aging. While biological assessment of aging mainly focuses on the gradual changes that occur either on the molecular scale, for example, alteration of gene expression and epigenetic modification, or on larger scales, for example, changes in muscle strength and cardiac function, the mechanics that regulates the behavior of individual cells and interactions between the internal elements of cells, are largely missing. In this study, we show that the dynamic features of migrating cells across different human ages could help to establish the underlying mechanism of biological age-dependent cellular functional decline. To determine the relationship between cellular dynamics and human age, we identify the characteristic relationship between cell migration and nuclear motion which is tightly regulated by nucleus-bound cytoskeletal organization. This analysis demonstrates that actomyosin contractility-dependent nuclear motion plays a key role in cell migration. We anticipate this study to provide noble biophysical insights on biological aging in order to precisely diagnose age-related chronic diseases.

关键词： aging cell motility lamin A c nuclear dynamics

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The Effect of cyclic Strain on Human Fibroblasts With Lamin A/c Mutations and Its Relation to Heart Disease

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JOURNAL OF BIOMEcHANIcAL ENGINEERING-TRANSAcTIONS OF THE ASME 2020年第6期142卷 1-9页

作者： Tran, Richard D. H. Siemens, Mark Nguyen, cecilia H. H. Ochs, Alexander R. Zaragoza, Michael, V Grosberg, Anna Univ Calif Irvine Dept Biomed Engn Edwards Lifesci Ctr Adv Cardiovasc Technol Cardiovasc Modeling Lab 2131 Engn Hall Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA Univ Calif Irvine Sch Med Dept Pediat Div Genet & Genom 2042 Hewitt Hall Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA Dept Pediat Div Genet & Genom 2042 Hewitt Hall Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA Univ Calif Irvine Sch Med Dept Biol Chem 2042 Hewitt Hall Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA Univ Calif Irvine Dept Biomed Engn Ctr Complex Biol Syst Edwards Lifesci Ctr Adv Cardiovasc TechnolCardio 2418 Engn Hall Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA Univ Calif Irvine Dept Chem & Biomol Engn 2418 Engn Hall Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA

Although mutations in the Lamin A/c gene (LMNA) cause a variety of devastating diseases, the pathological mechanism is often unknown. Lamin A/c proteins play a crucial role in forming a meshwork under the nuclear membrane, providing the nucleus with mechanical integrity and interacting with other proteins for gene regulation. Most LMNA mutations result in heart diseases, including some types that primarily have heart disease as the main pathology. In this study, we used cells from patients with different LMNA mutations that primarily lead to heart disease. Indeed, it is a mystery why a mutation to the protein in every nucleus of the body manifests as a disease of primarily the heart in these patients. Here, we aimed to investigate if strains mimicking those within the myocardial environment are sufficient to cause differences in cells with and without the LMNA mutation. To test this, a stretcher device was used to induce cyclic strain upon cells, and viability/proliferation, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix organization, and nuclear morphology were quantified. The properties of cells with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) were found to be significantly different from all other cell lines and were mostly in line with previous findings. However, the properties of cells from patients who primarily had heart diseases were not drastically different when compared to individuals without the LMNA mutation. Our results indicated that cyclic strain alone was insufficient to cause any significant differences that could explain the mechanisms that lead to heart diseases in these patients with LMNA mutations.

关键词： lamin A c laminopathies cyclic strain heart mechanics heart disease

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Synthesis and crystal Structure Studies of Mitomycin c Dihydrate

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crystal Structure Theory and Applications 2020年第2期9卷 13-21页

作者： Yingqi Feng Yongshou chen Yixin Ren Heng Zhang Shuang cao Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China

The absolute configuration of mitomycin c was determined?by X-ray single crystal diffraction?(cuKα), and a new?crystalline?dihydrate of mitomycin c had been prepared. The?experiment?result?provides?a definitive answer?to the real absolute configuration of mitomycin c and may put an end to the dispute?that baffles?researchers for decades.?At the same time, some contentious structures?about the mitomycin c in?American Pharmacopoeia?USP36-NF31,?chinese pharmacopoeia?2015?edtion?and numbers of?literatures are marked. The absolute configuration?is?also verified?by?1D (1H?and?13c) and 2D (HSQc, HMBc,?1H-1H?cOSY?and?NOESY) NMR studies?indirectly. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern of the?mitomycin c dihydrate?is similar to that calculated for?it, which?suggests that the purity?of?sample?is excellent.

关键词： crystal Structure Dihydrate Absolute configuration Mitomycin c

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coq to c Translation with Partial Evaluation 2021

Coq to C Translation with Partial Evaluation

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AcM SIGPLAN Workshop on Partial Evaluation and Program Manipulation (PEPM)

作者： Tanaka, Akira Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450383059

coq proof assistant can be used to prove various properties of programs written in the Gallina language. It is also possible to translate Gallina programs to Ocaml programs. However, Ocaml is not suitable for low-level programs. Therefore, we are developing a coq plugin for Gallina to c translation. This plugin transforms functions written in Gallina into a form as close to c as possible within Gallina. This transformation includes partial evaluation, which improves execution efficiency and eliminates polymorphism and dependent types. We can easily verify in coq that this transformation does not change the execution result, and thus it is highly reliable. And Gallina functions after this transformation can be easily translated to c.

关键词： coq c Gallina translator compiler verification partial evaluation tail recursion

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Increase in medium-size rainfall events will enhance the c-sequestration capacity of biological soil crusts

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Research in cold and Arid Regions 2019年第1期11卷 81-92页

作者： cuiHua Huang Fei Peng Itaru Shibata Jun Luo Xian Xue Kinya Akashi Atsushi Tsunekawa Tao Wang Minqin Salinization Research Station Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Science International Platform for Dryland Research and Education Tottori University Arid Land Research Center Tottori University

Biological soil crusts(BScs) play important roles in the carbon(c) balance in arid regions. Net c balance of BScs is strongly dependent on rainfall and consequent activation of microbes in the BScs. The compensation-rainfall size for BScs(the minimum rainfall amount for a positive net c balance) is assumed to be different with BScs of different developmental stages. A field experiment with simulated rainfall amount(SRA) of 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mm was conducted to examine the c fluxes and compensation-rainfall size of BScs in different parts of fixed dunes in the ecotone between the Badain Jaran Desert and the Minqin Oasis. We found algae-lichen crust on the interdunes and crest, algae crust on the leeward side, and lichen-moss crust on the windward. Even a small rainfall(1 mm) can activate both photosynthesis and respiration of all types of BScs. The gross ecosystem production, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem exchange were significantly affected by SRA, hours after the simulated rainfall, position on a dune, and their interactions. The rapid activation of photosynthesis provides a c source and therefore could be responsible for the increase of c efflux after each rewetting. c-uptake and-emission capacity of all the BScs positively correlated with rainfall size, with the lowest c fluxes on the leeward side. The compensation rainfall for a net c uptake was 3.80, 15.54, 8.62, and 1.88 mm for BScs on the interdunes, the leeward side, the crest, and the windward side, respectively. The whole dune started to show a net c uptake with an SRA of 5 mm and maximized with an SRA of about 30 mm. The compensation-rainfall size is negatively correlated with chlorophyll content. Our results suggest that BScs will be favored in terms of c balance, and sand dune stabilization could be sustained with an increasing frequency of 5-10 mm rainfall events in the desert-oasis transitional zone.-

关键词： biological soil crust rainfall size desert-oasis ecotone c balance arid region

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Synthesis, microstructure and hardness of Al 7075/B4c/Fly-ash composite using stir casting method

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2020年 27卷 2401-2406页

作者： Mohit Kumar Sahu Raj Kumar Sahu National Institute of Technology Raipur G.E. Road Raipur Chhattisgarh 492010 India

Stir-casting is the appropriate and economical technique for HAMcs synthesis as it produces uniformly reinforcement distributed composite retaining finer grains. In the present work, Al 7075/ x %wt.B 4 c/2%wt. fly-ash HAMcs were fabricated via stir casting route, where x is weight percentage of boron carbide ( x  = 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt%). Incorporation and distribution of reinforcement particles in HAMcs were analysed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical micrographs. Also, Micro-hardness tests were conducted at seven locals points in hardness specimen to see the variation of hardness values. The coefficient of variation was calculated to ensure uniform hardness values, which further confirm the uniform distribution of reinforcements in the prepared composite. Moreover, mathematical modelling was done to obtain the empirical relation of micro-hardness of composite with respect to fly-ash and boron carbide content, which shows the correlation between the micro-hardness and reinforcements contents in the HAMc. The synthesized HAMcs may be suitable in automobile and aerospace application where low cost, lightweight, high temperature resistant and high wear resistant composite are required.

关键词： AMcs Aluminium matrix composites HAMcs Hybrid aluminium matrix composites Al 7075 Aluminium alloy 7075 FA Fly-Ash Sc Stir casting PM Powder Metallurgy B 4 c Boron carbide Al Aluminium K 2 TiF 6 Potassium hexa fluoro titanate Mg Magnesium Hybrid aluminum matrix composites (HAMcs) Aluminum 7075 Stir-casting Homogeneous distribution Micro-hardness

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Pathological characterization of occult hepatitis B virus infection in hepatitis c virus-associated or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2020年第2期8卷 67-77页

作者： Hatem Elalfy Tarek Besheer Dina Elhammady Ahmed El Mesery Shaker Wagih Shaltout Mohamed Abd El-Maksoud Ahmed I Amin Ahmed Nasr Bekhit Mahmoud Abd El Aziz Mahmoud El-Bendary Endemic Medicine Department Faculty of MedicineMansoura UniversityMansoura 35516Egypt Tropical Medicine Department Faculty of MedicinePort Said UniversityPort Said 42511Egypt Internal Medicine Department Faculty of MedicinePort Said UniversityPort Said 42511Egypt Tropical Medicine Department Zagazig General HospitalZagazig 44511Egypt

Occult hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,by definition,is a state in which infection with this virus does not manifest with the conventional diagnostic laboratory criteria reserved for the obvious form of HBV *** a result,occult HBV infection is commonly a surprise finding discovered accidently during the evaluation of other apparent liver diseases,such as hepatitis c virus(HcV)infection or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and,more importantly,their evolution into life-threatening hepatocellular *** infection with HcV and occult HBV is rarely considered when assessing these more obvious conditions,and in an attempt to offer a better understanding of this phenomenon,this study attempted to shed some light onto the uniqueness of occult HBV infection by addressing the natural history of HBV and HcV infections,as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver *** was carried out by taking into account the exclusive integration process undertaken by the HBV genome into infected host hepatocytes,with consideration given to conditions which afford reactivation of the occult infection and stress on the molecular mechanisms that underlie occult HBV ***,the clinical outcome of occult HBV infection and its relation to hepatocellular carcinoma is analyzed.

关键词： Occult hepatitis B virus Hepatitis c virus Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Hepatocellular carcinoma clinical outcome Pathophysiology of occult hepatitis B virus

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Phase 1 Study of OPT-302 Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors c and D for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

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OPHTHALMOLOGY RETINA 2020年第3期4卷 250-263页

作者： Dugel, Pravin U. Boyer, David S. Antoszyk, Andrew N. Steinle, Nathan c. Varenhorst, Michael P. Pearlman, Joel A. Gillies, Mark c. Finger, Robert P. Baldwin, Megan E. Leitch, Ian M. Retinal Consultants Arizona Phoenix AZ USA Retina Vitreous Associates Med Grp Beverly Hills CA USA Charlotte Eye Ear Nose & Throat Associates Charlotte NC USA Calif Retina Consultants Santa Barbara CA USA Vitreo Retinal Consultants & Surg Wichita KS USA Retinal Consultants Med Grp Sacramento CA USA Univ Sydney Save Sight Inst Sydney NSW Australia Univ Bonn Dept Ophthalmol Bonn Germany Opthea Ltd Level 4650 Chapel St South Yarra Vic 3195 Australia

Purpose: OPT-302 is a novel inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-c and VEGF-D. A phase 1 trial assessed the safety of intravitreal OPT-302 as monotherapy or combined with ranibizumab (Lucentis;Genentech, South San Francisco, cA) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Design: Open-label, dose escalation followed by a randomized dose expansion. Participants: Fifty-one patients with nAMD who were either treatment naive (n = 25) or previously were treated with anti-VEGF A therapy (n = 26). Methods: In the dose escalation, groups of 5 patients in 4 cohorts received ascending doses of OPT-302 (0.3 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg) in combination with ranibizumab (0.5 mg), or as monotherapy (2 mg). In the dose expansion, 31 patients were randomized (3:1) to OPT-302 (2 mg) in combination with ranibizumab (n = 23) or as monotherapy (n = 8). Participants received three intravitreal treatments of OPT-302 once every 4 weeks either with or without ranibizumab. Main Outcome Measures: Safety and tolerability, OPT-302 pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity, effects on best-corrected visual acuity (BcVA), and anatomic changes. Results: Intravitreal OPT-302 with or without ranibizumab was well tolerated with low systemic exposure, no dose-limiting toxicities and no immunogenicity. In patients receiving OPT-302 monotherapy, 7 of 13 (54%) did not require rescue anti-VEGF-A therapy and the mean change in BcVA from baseline to week 12 was +5.6 letters (range, 0-18 letters). Mean BcVA gains from baseline to week 12 following combination OPT-302 with ranibizumab were +10.8 letters (95% confidence interval [cI], 4-17;n = 18) in treatment-naive patients and +4.9 letters (95% cI, 3-7;n = 19) in previously treated patients, respectively. corresponding reductions in mean central subfield thickness at week 12 in both groups were -119 mu m (95% cI, -176 to -62 mu m) and -54 mu m (95% cI, -82 to -26 mu m), respectively, whilst 50% of treatment-naive patients also sho

关键词： AE adverse event AMD age-related macular degeneration BcVA best-corrected visual acuity cI confidence interval c max maximum concentration cNV choroidal neovascularization cST central subfield thickness DLT dose-limiting toxicity ETDRS Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study FA fluorescein angiography IOP intraocular pressure nAMD neovascular age-related macular degeneration PIGF placental growth factor SAE serious adverse event SD spectral-domain SRF subretinal fluid VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor VEGFR vascular endothelial growth factor receptor

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