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Refactoring to Standard c++20 Modules

JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE-EVOLUTION AND PROcESS 2025年第1期37卷

作者： Szalay, Richard Porkolab, Zoltan Eotvos Lorand Univ Inst Comp Sci Fac Informat Dept Programming Languages & Compilers Budapest Hungary

Good component-based design for software projects is a desired property both for development and maintenance. The c++ programming language inherited the "translation unit" model from c, where every source file is individually compiled with no knowledge about other parts of the project. This model has several drawbacks, and c++20 Modules is the Standard's answer for them. Moreover, Modules allows a cleaner encapsulation of concern. This paper investigates a semi-automatic modularization method to refactor existing c++ projects. Our approach uses dependency analysis and clustering to organize elements of an existing project into modules, without domain-specific information. Based on our study of two medium-size open-source projects from disjoint domains and vastly distinct architecture, upgrading existing software systems to the new Modules feature is limited by the existing design of the project's architecture. To fully facilitate the use of Modules in a project, it is likely that both project-internal and user-facing interfaces must be changed.

关键词： c plus plus programming language Modules software architecture software evolution software packages tool-assisted refactoring

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Developed generalised unified power flow controller model in the Newton-Raphson power-flow analysis using combined mismatches method

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2016年第9期10卷 2177-2184页

作者： Kamel, Salah Jurado, Francisco chen, Zhe Abdel-Akher, Mamdouh Ebeed, Mohamed Aswan Univ Aswan Fac Engn Dept Elect Engn Aswan 81542 Egypt Univ Jaen Dept Elect Engn Jaen 23700 Spain Aalborg Univ Dept Energy Technol DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark Qassim Univ Dept Elect Engn Coll Engn King Abdulaziz Rd Unaizah 56434 Qassim Saudi Arabia Egyptian Ferro Silicon Alloys Co Aswan Egypt

This study proposes the generalised unified power flow controller (GUPFc) model in the hybrid current power mismatch Newton-Raphson formulation (HPcIM). In this model, active power, real and imaginary current components are injected at the terminals of series impedances of GUPFc. These injected values are calculated during the iterative process based on the desired controlled values and buses voltage at the terminals of GUPFc. The parameters of GUPFc can be calculated during the iterative process and the final values are updated after load flow convergence. Using the developed GUPFc model, the original structure and symmetry of the admittance and Jacobian matrices can still be kept, the changing of Jacobian matrix is eliminated. consequently, the complexities of the computer load flow program codes with GUPFc are reduced. The HPcIM load flow code with the proposed model is written in c++ programming language. Where, the SuperLU library is utilised to handle the sparse Jacobian matrix. The proposed model has been validated using the standard IEEE test systems.

关键词： load flow control iterative methods Jacobian matrices IEEE standards electric admittance generalised unified power flow controller model Newton-Raphson power-flow analysis combined mismatches method hybrid current power mismatch Newton-Raphson formulation GUPFc iterative process Jacobian matrices c plus plus programming language standard IEEE test systems

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An experience using different synchronisation mechanisms on a shared memory multiprocessors

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APPLIED MATHEMATIcS AND cOMPUTATION 2005年第3期161卷 1027-1036页

作者： Kaya, D Firat Univ Dept Math TR-23119 Elazig Turkey

In this paper, we are concerned with a number of parallel algorithms for comparing three different synchronization mechanisms when applied to a particular problem. The problem is the reduction of a general matrix to upper Hessenberg form. The algorithms were written in c++ programming language using the Encore Parallel Threads [Encore computer corporation, Encore Parallel Threads Manual. No. 724-06210 Rev. A, 1988] package using a shared memory MIMD computer. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： parallel algorithms Hessenberg reduction c plus plus programming language The Encore Parallel Threads

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Selective friends in c plus

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SOFTWARE-PRAcTIcE & EXPERIENcE 2018年第8期48卷 1493-1519页

作者： Marton, Gabor Porkolab, Zoltan Eotvos Lorand Univ Dept Programming Languages & Compilers Pazmany Peter Setany 1-C H-1117 Budapest Hungary

There is a strong prejudice against the friendship access control mechanism in c++. People claim that friendship breaks the encapsulation, reflects bad design, and creates too strong coupling. However, friends appear even in the most carefully designed systems, and if it is used judiciously (like using the attorney-client idiom), they may be better choice than widening the public interface of the class. In this paper, we investigate how the friendship mechanism is used in c++ programs. We have made measurements on several open source projects to understand the current use of friends. Our results show various holes and errors in friend usage, like friend functions accessing only public members or not accessing members at all or the class, which declare friends has no private members at all. The results also show that friend functions actually use only a low percentage of the private members they were granted to access, which is a source of errors. These results have motivated us to propose a selective friend language construct for c++, which can restrict friendship only to well-defined members. Such a new language element may decrease the degradation of encapsulation and significantly increase the diagnostic capacity of the compiler. We have created a proof-of-concept implementation based on the LLVM/clang compiler infrastructure to show that such constructs can be established with a minimal syntactical and compilation overhead.

关键词： c plus plus programming language encapsulation friend selective friend

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sppmix: Poisson point process modeling using normal mixture models

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cOMPUTATIONAL STATISTIcS 2018年第4期33卷 1767-1798页

作者： Micheas, Athanasios c. chen, Jiaxun Univ Missouri Dept Stat 134G Middlebush Hall Columbia MO 65211 USA

This paper describes the package sppmix for the statistical environment R. The sppmix package implements classes and methods for modeling spatial point patterns using inhomogeneous Poisson point processes, where the intensity surface is assumed to be a multiple of a finite additive mixture of normal components and the number of components is a finite, fixed or random integer. Extensions to the marked inhomogeneous Poisson point processes case are also presented. We provide an extensive suite of R functions that can be used to simulate, visualize and model point patterns, estimate the parameters of the models, assess convergence of the algorithms and perform model selection and checking in the proposed modeling context. In addition, several approaches have been implemented in order to handle the standard label switching issue which arises in any modeling approach involving mixture models. We adapt a hierarchical Bayesian framework in order to model the intensity surfaces and have implemented two major algorithms in order to estimate the parameters of the mixture models involved: the data augmentation and the birth-death Markov chain Monte carlo (DAMcMc and BDMcMc). We used c++ (via the Rcpp package) in order to implement the most computationally intensive algorithms.

关键词： Birth-death McMc c plus plus programming language Data-augmentation McMc Hierarchical Bayesian models Marked point process via conditioning Poisson point process R programming language

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A generic c++ library for solving path problems

A generic C++ library for solving path problems

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26th International conference on Information Technology Interfaces

作者： Botincan, M Univ Zagreb Dept Math Zagreb 10000 Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9539676991

Path problems are a family of frequently encountered optimization and enumeration problems. Although they are specific each for itself, theory provides a mathematical framework for treatment of path problems in a general way. In this paper we describe a generic c++ library based on algebraic approach for solving path problems. The classes and functions in the library are very compact and written with intention to be extensively combined. In this way many different concrete path problems can be solved by using the same set of programming components.

关键词： path problems algebraic approach semirings generic programming c plus plus programming language

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The Role of Implicit conversions in Erroneous Function Argument Swapping in c plus 20

The Role of Implicit Conversions in Erroneous Function Argum...

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20th IEEE International Working conference on Source code Analysis and Manipulation (ScAM)

作者： Szalay, Richard Sinkovics, Abel Porkolab, Zoltan Eotvos Lorand Univ Fac Informat Dept Programming Languages & Compilers Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9781728192482

Argument selection defects, in which the programmer has chosen the wrong argument to a function call is a widely investigated problem. The compiler can detect such misuse of arguments based on the argument and parameter type in case of statically typed programming languages. When adjacent parameters have the same type, or they can be converted between one another, the potential error will not be diagnosed. Related research is usually confined to exact type equivalence, often ignoring potential implicit or explicit conversions. However, in current mainstream languages, like c++, built-in conversions between numerics and user-defined conversions may significantly increase the number of mistakes to go unnoticed. We investigated the situation for c and c++ languages where functions are defined with multiple adjacent parameters that allow arguments to pass in the wrong order. When implicit conversions are taken into account, the number of mistake-prone function declarations significantly increases compared to strict type equivalence. We analysed the outcome and categorised the offending parameter types. The empirical results should further encourage the language and library development community to emphasise the importance of strong typing and the restriction of implicit conversion.

关键词： static analysis function parameters argument selection defect type safety strong typing error-prone constructs c plus plus programming language

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Towards strengthening software library interfaces with granular and interactive type migrations 23

Towards strengthening software library interfaces with granu...

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45th IEEE/AcM International conference on Software Engineering (IcSE)

作者： Szalay, Richard Eotvos Lorand Univ Fac Informat Dept Programming Languages & Compilers Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9798350322637

The interface boundaries of software projects are a crucial perimeter from both a design and security point of view. Design decisions of libraries will inadvertently affect client code which can neither legally nor technically change the library's contract. Mistakes allowed by the interface design, such as argument selection defects, can only be caught with existing tools once made. This is made worse in c++, as functions may take parameters which types are implicitly convertible to one another. Instead, I proposed a proactive step to detect and improve when a library interface exhibits properties that may lead to inadvertent misuse. Actionable fixes for the reports are possible through an interactive type refactoring method. Existing refactorings for type migration required the new types and the migration process to be well-defined in advance;otherwise, the code might be changed to a non-compilable state. This paper summarises my thesis proposal in which the problem of weak function interfaces is detected and solved by the Fictive Types method, which first "colours" the software project with new type information, deferring the complete rewrite once the required interface of the new type is fully explored.

关键词： c plus plus programming language software refactoring static analysis type safety strong typing library interface

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Test environment code and test-case generators

Test environment code and test-case generators

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IEEE Zooming Innovation in consumer Technologies conference (ZINc)

作者： Brkic, Dino Kostic, Abraham Herceg, Marijan Popovic, Miroslav TTTech Auto CEE Osijek Croatia Fac Elect Engn Comp Sci & Informat Technol Osijek Osijek Croatia Fac Tech Sci Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6 Novi Sad Serbia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665483759;9781665483742

In this paper, a new implementation of code and test-case generators within the existing test environment generator (TEG) is described. In particular, source code, cAPL code and test-case generators are implemented using c++ programing language. The execution time of the implemented solution is compared with the existing solution which is written in Python programming language. The comparison results show a significant improvement of the c++ solution in the comparison with the Python version.

关键词： EcU test environment generator TEG AUTOSAR c plus plus programming language automated tests software tool

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Flexible semi-automatic support for type migration of primitives for c/c plus plus programs 29

Flexible semi-automatic support for type migration of primit...

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29th IEEE International conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)

作者： Szalay, Richard Porkolab, Zoltan Eotvos Lorand Univ Fac Informat Dept Programming Languages & Compilers Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9781665437868

Type systems are crucial tools in the hands of developers to ensure an increased level of soundness to their programs, make them safer, and guard against bugs. However, in practice, the type system is not always used to its full capability, and trade-offs are made. The effects range from hindered code comprehension and wasted development effort to financial damages and even the risk of loss of life. Various widely used programming languages, such as c++, Java, Python, and Rust, are yet to implement constrained types as a language feature. While the usage of user-defined types is common in modern languages that support such elements, developers often resort to having their variables use the most common, fundamental, built-in or library types, such as int or string, and not encode invariants into the type system. In this paper, we describe a flexible, incremental, semi-automated type migration approach that allows transitioning from the use of fundamental coarse types to strong types. Previously, well-scaling type migration methods were restricted and required the existence of an already welldefined destination type. In our case, the new strong type to be created is not yet defined, but the required interface is discovered via static analysis. As refactoring tools would cease to function if the code is changed textually to a version that refers undefined symbols, a more granular approach was needed. In addition, our proposed method allows us to discover the mixing of conceptually distinct types during development while the original program continues to function.

关键词： strong types c plus plus programming language software refactoring static analysis type safety

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