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A novel QCA circuit-switched network with power dissipation analysis for nano communication applications

NANO COMMUNICATION networkS 2023年 35卷

作者： Vahabi, Mohsen Rahimi, Ehsan Lyakhov, Pavel Otsuki, Akira Shahrood Univ Technol Fac Elect Engn Semnan Iran North Caucasus Ctr Math Res Dept Modular Comp & Artificial Intelligence Stavropol 355017 Russia North Caucasus Fed Univ Dept Math Modeling Stavropol 355017 Russia Univ Adolfo Ibanez Fac Ingn & Ciencias Diagonal Las Torres 2640 Santiago 7941169 Chile RIKEN RIKEN Ctr Adv Photon Wako Saitama 3510198 Japan

Today, communication links and networks are essential in transmitting data and information. Moreover, information sharing in communication devices and networks has become necessary, routine, and unavoidable. Consequently, designing and manufacturing high-speed nano-scale devices with ultra-low power consumption is very important. Among the emerging paradigms in nanotechnologies, quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is very popular in communication sciences. In the present study, we optimize the design and implementation of a QCA crossbar switch and use it in transmitter and receiver circuits. Subsequently, a circuit-switched network in QCA technology is implemented using these devices. All the designed circuits are coplanar with the minimum number of cells, optimal area and latency, and low power consumptions, which employ standard QCA design rules and show superiority and advantages compared to the previous designs.

关键词： Quantum-dot cellular automata Coplanar circuits 2:1 MUX 1:2D MUX Crossbars witch Transmitter Receiver circuit-switched network

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Improving the Performance of circuit-switched Interconnection network for a Multi-FPGA System

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEMS 2021年第12期E104D卷 2029-2039页

作者： Ito, Kohei Iizuka, Kensuke Hironaka, Kazuei Hu, Yao Koibuchi, Michihiro Amano, Hideharu Keio Univ Yokohama Kanagawa 2238522 Japan Natl Inst Informat Tokyo 1018430 Japan

Multi-FPGA systems have gained attention because of their high performance and power efficiency. A multi-FPGA system called Flow-in-Cloud (FiC) is currently being developed as an accelerator of multi-access edge computing (MEC). FiC consists of multiple mid-range FPGAs tightly connected by high-speed serial links. Since time-critical jobs are assumed in MEC, a circuit-switched network with static timedivision multiplexing (STDM) switches has been implemented on FiC. This paper investigates techniques of enhancing the interconnection performance of FiC. Unlike switching fabrics for network on Chips or parallel machines, economical multi-FPGA systems, such as FiC, use Xilinx Aurora IP and FireFly cables with multiple lanes. We adopted the link aggregation and the slot distribution for using multiple lanes. To mitigate the bottleneck between an STDM switch and user logic, we also propose a multi-ejection STDM switch. We evaluated various combinations of our techniques by using three practical applications on an FiC prototype with 24 boards. When the number of slots is large and transferred data size is small, the slot distribution was sometimes more effective, while the link aggregation was superior for other most cases. Our multi-ejection STDM switch mitigated the bottleneck in ejection ports and successfully reduced the number of time slots. As a result, by combining the link aggregation and multi-ejection STDM switch, communication performance improved up to 7.50 times with few additional resources. Although the performance of the fast Fourier transform with the highest communication ratio could not be enhanced by using multiple boards when a lane was used, 1.99 times performance improvement was achieved by using 8 boards with four lanes and our multi-ejection switch compared with a board.

关键词： multi-FPGA multi-FPGA communication circuit-switched network STDM switch

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Design and implementation of circuit-switched network based on nanoscale quantum-dot cellular automata

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PHOTONIC network COMMUNICATIONS 2019年第3期38卷 356-377页

作者： Heikalabad, Saeed Rasouli Kamrani, Hamed Islamic Azad Univ Tabriz Branch Ind Nanotechnol Res Ctr Tabriz Iran

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a nanoscale technology to design digital circuits in nano-measure which acts based on electron's interaction. The technology of collecting, processing and distributing information is growing rapidly, but the growth in demand for advanced methods in data processing has always been greater than the speed of growth of these technologies. Hence, computer networks play an important role in providing a resource sharing and facilitating user communications. The circuit-switched network is one of the main components for sending input signals between different users within the network. In this paper, a minimal and optimal design of the circuit-switched network is presented at a single level in QCA. The proposed design is studied and compared with existing designs in terms of fault tolerant under stuck-at 0 and 1. There is also a physical analysis for the proposed circuit-switched network.

关键词： Nanotechnology circuit-switched network Quantum-dot cellular automata Fault tolerant Kink energy

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MiniCAR: Minimal Congestion-aware Routing Method in Fine-grained circuit-switched networks for Parallel Computing Systems 26

MiniCAR: Minimal Congestion-aware Routing Method in Fine-gra...

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26th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (IEEE ISCC)

作者： Hu, Yao Natl Inst Informat Informat Syst Architecture Sci Res Div Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665427449

In parallel high-performance computing (HPC) systems, network congestion is one of the main factors to degrade communication performance, because it may lead to increased end-to-end latency and power consumption. In this work, we address this issue by the means of a simple routing algorithm on a target fine-grained circuit-switched (FGCS) network. The number of allocated slots for each FGCS switch in the network is a direct factor to affect the end-to-end latency. Our proposed approach employs a minimal congestion-aware routing (MiniCAR) method to perform better routing decisions and alleviate the network congestion so that the minimum necessary number of slots can be reduced in a target FGCS network. Evaluation results show that, compared to the traditional dimension order routing algorithm, MiniCAR occupies a smaller number of time slots by up to 50.8% on a 2-D torus interconnection network.

关键词： Parallel computing circuit-switched network congestion-aware routing

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ACHIEVING HETEROGENEOUS PACKET-OPTICAL networkS INTER-CONNECTION WITH A SOFTWARE-DEFINED UNIFIED CONTROL ARCHITECTURE 14

ACHIEVING HETEROGENEOUS PACKET-OPTICAL NETWORKS INTER-CONNEC...

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14th International Conference on Optical Communications and networks

作者： Zheng, Xiaoping Hua, Nan Zhong, Zhizhen Tsinghua Natl Lab Informat Sci & Technol Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Elect Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

We present a software-defined unified control architecture for heterogeneous packet-optical networks inter-connection. This architecture supports hybrid packet- and circuit-switched networks employing various switchin... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781467373739

关键词： Heterogeneous network software-defined network packet-switched network circuit-switched network unified control

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THE USE OF PACKET-switched VS circuit-switched networkS FOR DATA TRANSPORT IN A PUBLIC TRANSIT ENVIRONMENT

THE USE OF PACKET-SWITCHED VS CIRCUIT-SWITCHED NETWORKS FOR ...

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ASME 2012 Joint Rail Conference

作者： Fitzmaurice, Michael Parsons New York NY 10011 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780791844656

Ethernet has become the de-facto standard for providing data transport not just throughout the internet but for numerous private and industrial networks. Prior to Ethernet's dominance, circuit-switched networks (or time-division multiplexed networks like SONET) were popular choices for applications that required flexible and reliable data transport. Over the past 10 years, packet-switched networks in general (and Ethernet in particular) have usurped the role formerly played by these circuit-switched networks but is this a good development given that not all applications that require data transport are created equal? In the public transit environment, data transport networks are often used for mission critical applications that directly support revenue service such as signaling and train control and are increasingly based upon packet-switched networks. This paper will explore the current trend of using packet-switched as opposed to circuit-switched networks in the context of providing data transport for rail-based public transit agencies and, after examining five case studies, draw conclusions that are relevant for public transit agencies.

关键词： Ethernet SONET circuit-switched network packet-switched network data transport

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Multi-path Routing in Optical WDM networks: Even versus Uneven Split Bandwidth Allocation

Multi-path Routing in Optical WDM Networks: Even versus Unev...

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International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications

作者： Padhi, Lakshminarayana Kartikeya, Siddartha Sivalingam, Krishna M. Sai, S. Sivasankara Sri Sathya Sai Univ Dept Phys Puttaparthi 515134 India Indian Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Madras 600036 Tamil Nadu India

ISBN: (纸本)9781424471379

In this paper, we investigate the design and performance of multi-path routing in optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks, that support traffic grooming. A circuit-switched network is considered, where connection requests arriving to the network have to be allotted an end-to-end path carrying the requested bandwidth. Traffic grooming implies that the capacity of a wavelength on a fiber link (e.g. OC-48) will be shared among several lower capacity connections (e.g. OC-3). In order to increase the network performance in terms of improved blocking probability and also to support survivable operation, a connection is split into multiple smaller sub-streams and carried on multiple sub-paths from source to destination. This is based on the Virtual Concatenation (VCAT) mechanisms used in SONET/SDH networks. One important constraint is that the differential delay among the sub-paths should be limited (e.g. 25 ms, 45 ms, etc.). In this paper, we consider mechanisms for splitting a connection request while maintaining the differential delay constraint. In particular, we study two schemes: even splitting of connection bandwidth among the constituent subpaths;and uneven splitting of connection bandwidth. The work also considers sub-paths that are not necessarily link-disjoint. The performance analysis shows that the uneven splitting mechanism can substantially improve performance in terms of blocking probability (and other metrics) compared to the even splitting mechanism.

关键词： SONET SONET/SDH networks bandwidth allocation bandwidth allocation blocking probability circuit-switched network differential delay fiber link multipath channels multipath routing optical WDM networks optical communication optical fibre networks probability telecommunication network routing telecommunication traffic traffic grooming virtual concatenation wavelength division multiplexing wavelength division multiplexing

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Large deviations principle for occupancy problems with colored balls

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED PROBABILITY 2007年第1期44卷 115-141页

作者： Dupuis, Paul Nuzman, Carl Whiting, Phil Brown Univ Lefschetz Ctr Dynam Syst Div Appl Math Providence RI 02912 USA Bell Labs Alcatel Lucent Murray Hill NJ 07974 USA

A large deviations principle (LDP), demonstrated for occupancy problems with indistinguishable balls, is generalized to the case in which balls are distinguished by a finite number of colors. The colors of the balls are chosen independently from the occupancy process itself. There are r balls thrown into n urns with the probability of a ball entering a given urn being 1/n (i.e. Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics). The LDP applies with the scale parameter, n, tending to infinity and r increasing proportionally. The LDP holds under mild restrictions, the key one being that the coloring process by itself satisfies an LDP. This includes the important special cases of deterministic coloring patterns and colors chosen with fixed probabilities independently for each ball.

关键词： occupancy model coloring process Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics sample path large deviations principle circuit-switched network population estimation optical packet switching

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Transport of mobile application part signaling over Internet protocol

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE 2002年第5期40卷 124-128页

作者： Chiang, RCN Sesmun, A Foster, G Young, M Baker, N Univ W England Bristol BS16 1QY Avon England

The convergence of voice, data. and video networks is creating a new environment for telecommunications. In response to the changes, telecommunications equipment manufacturers and service providers are competing fiercely to bring an optimum solution to customers. The evolution of GSM to GPRS and to UMTS is a cellular wireless industry endeavor to meet this demand. This evolution will see the core wireless network infrastructure change from circuit-switched to packet-switched where voice and data are transported using IP as the common protocol. However, this poses a number of challenges, one of which is how to run the key Mobile Application Part signaling protocols over IP. MAP defines the application protocols between switches and databases (e.g., MSC, VLR, SGSN. HLR) for supporting mobility management. security management, radio resource management. and mobile equipment management [1]. UMTS supports both circuit-switched and packet-switched services [2].

关键词： application protocols cellular radio cellular wireless industry circuit switching circuit-switched network data communication data networks databases GPRS GSM Internet Internet protocol IP mobile application signaling part transport mobile equipment management mobility management packet radio networks packet switching packet-switched network radio resource management security management switches telecommunication signalling telecommunications equipment manufacturers telecommunications service providers transport protocols UMTS video networks visual communication voice communication voice networks wireless network infrastructure

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Multicolor routing in the undirected hypercube

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DISCRETE APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2000年第3期100卷 169-181页

作者： Gu, QP Tamaki, H Univ Aizu Fdn Comp Sci Lab Fukushima 9658580 Japan Meiji Univ Dept Comp Sci Tama Ku Kawasaki Kanagawa 214 Japan

An undirected routing problem is a pair (G,R) where G is an undirected graph and R is an undirected multigraph such that V(G) = V(R). A solution to an undirected routing problem (G,R) is a collection P of undirected paths of G (possibly containing multiple occurrences of the same path) such that edges of R are in one-to-one correspondence with the paths of P, with the path corresponding to edge {u, v} connecting u and v. We say that a collection of paths P is k-colorable if each path of P can be colored by one of the k colors so that the paths of the same color are edge-disjoint teach edge of G appears at most once in the paths of each single color). In the circuit-switched routing context, and in optical network applications in particular, it is desirable to find a solution to a routing problem that is colorable with as few colors as possible. Let en denote the n-dimensional hypercube, fbr arbitrary n greater than or equal to 1. We show that a routing problem (Q(n),R) always admits a 4d-colorable solution where d is the maximum vertex degree of R. This improves over the 16inverted right perpendiculard/2inverted left perpendicular-color result which is implicit in the previous work of Aumann and Rabani [SODA95, pp. 567-576]. Since, for any positive d, there is a multigraph R of degree d such that any solution to (Q(n)R) requires at least d colors, our result is tight up to a factor of four. In fact, when d = 1, it is tight up to a factor of two, since there is a graph of degree one (the antipodal matching) that requires two colors. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： multicolor routing edge-disjoint paths algorithm circuit-switched network

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