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Effective suppression for overshoot voltage of PEM electrolyzer by power supply

APPLIED ENERGY 2025年 379卷

作者： He, Mingzhi Nie, Gongzhe Yang, Haoran Wang, Xiongzheng Zhou, Shuhan Meng, Xin Sichuan Univ Coll Elect Engn Chengdu Peoples R China

Renewable energy generation which inherently has intermittent and fluctuating characteristics, makes Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers operate intermittently. Specially, the overshoot voltage phenomenon will be happened when the electrolyzer power increase rapidly to stable operate. This can cause the electrolyzer to operate overload, which reduce hydrogen production efficiency, increase power supply capacity and reduce its reliability. In this work, for suppressing overshoot voltage and protecting electrolyzer, the electrolyzer voltage is controlled through the power supply outputs a DC-biased voltage with a sine waveform. Comparing with the traditional protection scheme, the overshoot voltage is reduced by 17.5 % similar to 30.5 % during low power operation. Noteworthily, the overshoot voltage is disappeared completely and the polarization voltage can be reduced by 7.6 % similar to 13.5 % when the electrolyzer is in high power operation. Furthermore, the anode catalyst layer is characterized by the advanced characterization such as scanning electron microscopes (SEM), X-ray diffractometers (XRD), and micro-CT. It is found that the micrometer-scale pore collapse and the ion leaching will be suppressed by regulating electrolyzer voltage. Finally, through comsol multiphysics simulations confirm that the reduction of pore diameter will increase the electrolyzer internal resistance and current distribution inhomogeneity which have a significant impact on the overshoot voltage behavior. Consequently, the research results provide a theoretical basis for designing a new generation of power supply-side electrolyzer protection schemes and membrane electrode.

关键词： Overshoot voltage PEM electrolyzer Suppression scheme comsol multiphysics simulation Power supply

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simulation of yttria hot cathode and radiative emissivity impact on its performances and the work function measurement

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VACUUM 2025年 239卷

作者： Mayrat, Audrey Rafhay, Quentin Verrier, Claire Deschanvres, Jean-Luc Univ Grenoble Alpes Lab Materiaux & Genie Phys LMGP F-38000 Isere France Pfeiffer Vacuum SAS Haute Savoie F-74000 Annecy France CNRS F-38000 Isere France

-Despite the decline in their use after the advent of semiconductor devices, hot cathodes still find applications in specialized detectors and high-power systems. This paper focuses on the simulation of the thermal behavior of an oxide cathode (Y2O3), considering the variation in emissivity as a function of both material and temperature. Most previous studies on hot cathodes have overlooked the importance of radiative emissivity, a parameter that significantly affects thermal exchange, electronic emission and hence the measurement of the work function with a Richardson plot. Our results emphasize the need for a precise measurement of material emissivity to accurately assess cathode performance and enable fair comparisons between different cathode types.

关键词： Hot cathode Performance measurement Radiative emissivity Work function measurement comsol multiphysics simulation

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A design and modeling perspective on photostimulation of the subretinal prosthesis with graphene-based photodiodes

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS 2024年第2期23卷 418-432页

作者： Asghar, Sharique Ali Mahadevappa, Manjunatha Indian Inst Technol Kharagpur Sch Nano Sci & Technol Kharagpur 721302 West Bengal India Indian Inst Technol Kharagpur Sch Med Sci & Technol Kharagpur 721302 West Bengal India

The two leading causes of blindness in the developed world are age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. The photostimulation of remaining retinal neurons using a photodiode in a proposed subretinal prosthesis is one of the solutions that hopes to restore vision. In this paper, we envision a better result through device simulation and modeling of a graphene-based photodiode that yields high-performance, wire-free, and light-induced retina implants. This study shows how the characteristics of graphene-based photodiodes have an improved result in terms of low threshold requirements for the activation of neurons. Graphene-based photodiode responsiveness is significantly improved in the visible and near-infrared ranges. Using a graphene photoconductive layer in a silicon photodiode can significantly decrease contact resistance, reduce dark current up to 20-fold, and lower the induced thermal effect and spontaneous emission by orders of magnitude of 103 and 106, respectively, compared to its Si counterparts. This advancement highlights graphene's potential for optimizing metal-semiconductor interfaces, offering improved precision and sensitivity for high-resolution retinal prosthesis applications requiring enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and finer control. We offered a range of sizes for graphene-based photodiode arrays, including [5 x 5], [6 x 6], [6 x 7], and [7 x 6], to ensure the subretinal prostheses meet thermal safety standards. Physics-based modeling and simulation of graphene-based devices help us understand charge transfer mechanisms, improve operating bias, and achieve proper band gap modulation, which ushers in the development of graphene-like 2D materials for photostimulating neurons in projected retinal prostheses.

关键词： Subretinal prosthesis Photostimulation Graphene-based photodiode comsol multiphysics simulation Computational design and modeling

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multiphysics Modeling of the Electrochemical Response of Screen-Printed Electrodes for Sensing Applications

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IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2024年第15期24卷 23960-23967页

作者： Bonaldo, Stefano Franchin, Lara Rosati, Giulio Merkoci, Arben Paccagnella, Alessandro Univ Padua Dept Informat Engn I-35131 Padua Italy Catalan Inst Nanosci & Nanotechnol ICN2 CSIC & BIST Barcelona 08193 Spain Catalan Inst Res Adv Studies ICREA Barcelona 08010 Spain

In this work, we present and validate a new 3-D comsol multiphysics model capable of simulating the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) response of screen-printed devices. The proposed model considers the dominant electrical and electrochemical phenomena on the electrodes and in the electrolyte solution with redox reactions occurring at the metal/solution interface. The terminals of the simulated device are virtually connected to an equivalent circuit of a potentiostat in order to apply the potential and perform the CV readings with possibility to extend to other types of voltametric measurements. The model is calibrated on screen-printed devices through dedicated sets of experimental measurements that use CV and EIS with 10 mM [Fe(CN)(6)] (3-/-)4as redox mediator in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. The model parameters for each device are retrieved from the experimental measurements, e.g., double layer capacitance, red/ox diffusivity, electrolyte conductivity equilibrium, and so on. After the calibration, the model is capable of simulating CV responses using different scan rates and redox couple concentrations. The obtained simulated CV signals are significantly consistent with the experimental data, fitting well the experimental curves of both the devices. The simulated/experimental peaks differ less than 50 mV, while the anodic and cathodic current peaks vary only of few microamperes ( < 11 mu A), with values within the standard deviation of measurement experimental measurements. Finally, the proposed model will allow the simulation of more complex electrode morphologies and electrochemical conditions as well, as the model parameters are retrieved experimentally through specific measurements.

关键词： Electrodes Sensor phenomena and characterization Redox Mathematical models Three-dimensional displays Electric potential Solid modeling comsol multiphysics simulation cyclic voltammetry (CV) electrochemical sensor impedance spectroscopy screen-printed electrode (SPE)

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Enhanced Sensitivity Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor For Clinical Applications

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JOURNAL OF OPTICS-INDIA 2025年 1-12页

作者： Nirala, Gautam Narayan Kaur, Simarpreet Yashaswini, P. R. Kumar, Bhukya Arun Jahan, M. A. Ibrar Natl Inst Technol Patna Dept Elect & Commun Engn Patna 800005 Bihar India Chandigarh Univ Dept Elect & Commun Engn Mohali 140413 Punjab India Malnad Coll Engn Dept Elect & Commun Hassan 573202 Karnataka India Lovely Profess Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Phagwara 144411 Punjab India RNS Inst Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Bengaluru 560098 India

Offering hitherto unheard-of capacity for real-time, label-free detection of disease indicators, Surface Plasmon Reso- nance (SPR) biosensing technology offers a revolutionary development in the field of medical diagnostics. The proposed work offers a thorough analysis of a new SPR biosensor design, carefully optimized via comsol multiphysics simulations and rigorously verified using a large dataset including 1000 different samples. Developed sensor architecture uses carefully crafted gold thin film produced on a BK7 glass prism using advanced magnetron sputtering processes with a 47.3 nm optimal thickness. Under well- regulated experimental settings, the sensor exhibits extraordinary sensitivity qualities, with a figure of merit of 108.7 RIU - 1 and an optimal penetration depth of 357.2 nanometers. Maintaining a linear dynamic range spanning from 1.33 to 1.38 RIU, an excellent minimum detectable refractive index change of 5.72 x 10 - 1 RIU by means of thorough electromagnetic calculations and subsequently experimental validation is observed. With a correlation coefficient more than 0.9995, the transmittance properties of the sensor show clear and very consistent changes corresponding to analyte concentrations ranging from 0.1 ng/mL to 100 mu g/mL. With an intra-assay coefficient of variation of 1.8% and an inter-assay coefficient of variation of 2.3%, statistical analysis of the 1000- sample dataset demonstrates extraordinary repeatability, therefore demonstrating the strong dependability of the suggested sensor design for clinical uses.

关键词： Surface plasmon resonance Biosensor design optimization Disease marker detection comsol multiphysics simulation Sample dispersion analysis Sensitivity enhancement

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Molecular transport through nano-sized multipores of lipid vesicles: a comsol simulation study

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EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL 2025年第3-4期54卷 159-169页

作者： Asaduzzaman, Md. Emon, Shahariar Ishtiaque, Md. Saif Hossain, Md. Imran Karal, Mahammad Abu Sayem Billah, Md. Masum Takaba, Hiromitsu Alam, Md. Khorshed Univ Barishal Dept Phys Barishal 8254 Bangladesh Bangladesh Univ Engn & Technol Dept Phys Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh Jashore Univ Sci & Technol Dept Phys Jashore 7408 Bangladesh Kogakuin Univ Sch Adv Engn Dept Environm Chem & Chem Engn 2665-1 Nakano Hachioji Tokyo 1920015 Japan

Biomembranes regulate molecular transport essential to cellular function and numerous biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and gene therapy. This study simulates molecular transport through nano-sized multipores in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) using comsol multiphysics. We analyzed the diffusion dynamics of fluorescent probes-including Calcein, Texas-red dextran 3000 (TRD- 3k), TRD- 10k, and Alexa Fluor-labeled soybean trypsin inhibitor (AF-SBTI)-across different pore sizes, and derived rate constants using curve fitting that closely align with experimental data. Additionally, an analytical model based on Fick's law of diffusion provides further insight into transport efficiency. This approach offers a novel perspective by examining simultaneous transport through multiple nanopores, which better mimics realistic biological environments compared to traditional single-pore studies. We used comsol for efficiently simulating large-scale, multi-nanopore systems, particularly in biomedical applications where modeling of complex transport phenomena is essential. This work provides new insights into multipore-mediated transport, critical for optimizing nanopore-based drug delivery and advancing the understanding of cellular transport mechanisms.

关键词： Molecular transport Multi-nanopore diffusion Multipore of GUVs comsol multiphysics simulation Fluorescent probe diffusion Nanopore-mediated transport

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Combined experimental and simulation study on corrosion behavior of B10 copper-nickel alloy welded joint under local turbulence

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2023年第8期30卷 1598-1612页

作者： Da-lei Zhang Ran Liul Ying-shuang Liul Shao-hua Xing Zong-hao He Yao Qian Jin-zeng Liu Xiao-hui Dou Xin-wei Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection Luoyang Ship Material Research InstituteQingdao 266237ShandongChina

The corrosion behavior of B10 copper-nickel alloy welded joints in seawater pipeline system was analyzed under local turbulence induced by weld residual *** corrosion behavior was evaluated by array electrode technology,mor-phology and elemental characterization,and comsol multiphysics *** results provide a theoretical basis for the corrosion and leakage of B10 alloy in seawater pipeline under the action of *** results show that residual height-induced turbulence exhibits a significant effect on the corrosion behavior in different areas of welded joints in B10 *** can damage some surfaces,causing polarity deflection followed by acceleration of corrosion,or it is easier to form a protective film to slow down *** multiphysics results show that the shear rate and turbulent kinetic energy increase linearly with the increase in residual height and *** corrosion behavior of alloy surface is influenced by controlling the mass transfer rate and surface state.

关键词： Array electrode technology Welded joint Corrosion comsol multiphysics simulation Seawater

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Leakage detection in pipeline systems using machine learning

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Asian Journal of Civil Engineering 2025年第6期26卷 2465-2473页

作者： Bhattacharjee, Koyndrik Banerji, Arijit Kumar Alam, MD. Hamjala Das, Chanchal Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College West Bengal Durgapur India

The reliability of pipeline systems as a criterion is of enormous significance in sustainable pipeline operation and the protection of the environment. In their basic form, conventional leak detection techniques are often slow and not sensitive enough to suit many purposes, particularly in the early detection and control of leaks in large distributed systems. In this paper, we examine the application of machine learning—One-Class Support Vector Machine (SVM)—to the existing pipeline leak detection systems. Using both comsol multiphysics for simulation and MATLAB for data analysis, this work proves that machine learning is applicable to improve leakage assessment. Using detailed simulations under various operational conditions, the k coefficients of the One-Class SVM model pinpoint pressure, temperature, and velocity abnormalities that suggest leakage. The results also clearly indicate the model’s effectiveness in accurately identifying leak locations in addition to simply identifying their presence, making it a significant improvement over current approaches by increasing response speed while decreasing possible losses and threats to the environment. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： comsol multiphysics simulation Leakage assessment Machine learning MATLAB data analysis One-class support vector machine (SVM) Pipeline leak detection

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simulations for Investigating Effect of Non-Uniform Space Charge Distributions on PEA Measurement

Simulations for Investigating Effect of Non-Uniform Space Ch...

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IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Applications (ICHVE)

作者： Saeed, Ayesha Stewart, Brian G. Univ Strathclyde Dept Elect & Elect Engn Glasgow Lanark Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350374995;9798350374988

Quantitative analysis and understanding of space charge phenomenon in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) dielectric materials is a critical aspect of ensuring the reliability of HVDC systems. The presence of space charge in dielectrics enhances local electrical fields and thus is a key factor affecting insulation performance. It causes insulation degradation, accelerates aging, and in the most severe scenarios, cause electrical breakdown. Consequently, measuring space charges is vital to comprehend the processes that contribute to insulation failure. The most widely used space charge measurement technique is Pulsed Electro-Acoustic (PEA) method. Modeling methods have been employed in the past researches on various software to understand the impact of different PEA kit's design parameters on the output signal. However, these studies have considered a uniform geometry of space charge layer within the sample under consideration. As HVDC technology evolves, there is a growing need to comprehensively characterize and understand space charge behavior. Thus, this research focuses on considering non-linear geometries of space charge distributions in the PEA models and its impact on the PEA output signal.

关键词： PEA Space Charge Measurement Non-Uniform Geometries HVDC Dielectric Materials comsol multiphysics simulation

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Dodecahedral carbon with hierarchical porous channels and bi-heteroatom modulated interface for high-performance symmetric supercapacitors

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JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 2022年 549卷

作者： Yang, Jieru Meng, Jian Zhang, Leiqian Chu, Kaibin Zong, Wei Ge, Lingfeng Fu, Siyu Ge, Jiale Zhu, Haiyan He, Guanjie Brett, Dan J. L. Lai, Feili Liu, Tianxi Jiangnan Univ Sch Chem & Mat Engn Key Lab Synthet & Biol Colloids Int Joint Res Lab Nano Energy Composites Wuxi 214122 Peoples R China Katholieke Univ Leuven Dept Chem Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium UCL Dept Chem Christopher Ingold Lab 20 Gordon St London WC1H 0AJ England Univ Bristol Sch Chem Cantocks Close Bristol BS8 1TS England UCL Dept Chem Engn London WC1E 7JE England

Hierarchical porous channels and a well-modulated interface are two main parameters for electrode materials that can promote their energy storage performance by accelerating the electrolyte diffusion and realizing their strong coupling with electrolyte ions. Inspired by the comsol multiphysics simulations and density functional theory calculations, we design B, N dual-doped, hierarchical porous carbon (BN-HPC) by pyrolyzing hierarchical porous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 with boric acid. The resulted BN-HPC electrode achieves a high specific capacitance of 236.9 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte, which is further assembled into the BN-HPC//BN-HPC symmetric supercapacitor with a high energy density of 33.3 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 212.5 W kg-1. The excellent energy storage performance of the BN-HPC electrode is attributed to its hierarchical porous structure and bi-heteroatom (N and B) doped carbon surface with a low binding energy value of -2.77 eV. This work provides a general and fresh insight into the design of dodecahedral carbon by combining hierarchical porous structure and bi-heteroatom doping strategy that can be used for not only aqueous supercapacitors but also other energy storage devices.

关键词： Hierarchical porous carbon Dual -doped Supercapacitors comsol multiphysics simulation DFT calculation

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