检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Information technology and organization design: Locating decisions and information

MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 1998年第10期44卷 1321-1335页

作者： Nault, BR Univ Calif Irvine Grad Sch Management Irvine CA 92697 USA

We study the impact of information technology (IT) on the profitability of individual organization designs and on the relative profitability of different organization designs. We develop models where organization design is defined by the location of investment decision authority. We consider global and local investment when there is an information asymmetry between a central authority and decentralized nodes-decentralized nodes make better local investment decisions because of their local knowledge. We define three separate organization designs: a hierarchy where all investments are made by a central authority, a market where all investments are made by the decentralized nodes, and a mixed mode where global investments are made by a central authority and local investments are made by decentralized nodes. Because of complementarities between global and local investment, we show that there is underinvestment relative to first-best in all three organization designs. We also find that IT can be used to mitigate that underinvestment, either by bringing information to the decision maker or by redesigning the monitoring and incentive structure. We demonstrate that IT does not necessarily favor decentralized organization designs, and we show how the costs of coordination may result in the mixed mode being dominated by one or both of the alternative organization designs. Thus, collocation of investment decision rights and information that results in decisions that require coordination might not be optimal when the costs of not synchronizing global and local investment are high.

关键词： centralization/decentralization collocation decision rights information asymmetry network externalities organizational form

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Commodity single board computer clusters and their applications

引用

FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE 2018年 89卷 201-212页

作者： Johnston, Steven J. Basford, Philip J. Perkins, Colin S. Herry, Herry Tso, Fung Po Pezaros, Dimitrios Mullins, Robert D. Yoneki, Eiko Cox, Simon J. Singer, Jeremy Univ Southampton Fac Engn & Phys Sci Southampton SO167 QF Hants England Univ Glasgow Sch Comp Sci Glasgow G12 8QQ Lanark Scotland Loughborough Univ Dept Comp Sci Loughborough LE11 3TU Leics England Univ Cambridge Comp Lab Cambridge CB3 0FD England

Current commodity Single Board Computers (SBCs) are sufficiently powerful to run mainstream operating systems and workloads. Many of these boards may be linked together, to create small, low-cost clusters that replicate some features of large data center clusters. The Raspberry Pi Foundation produces a series of SBCs with a price/performance ratio that makes SBC clusters viable, perhaps even expendable. These clusters are an enabler for Edge/Fog Compute, where processing is pushed out towards data sources, reducing bandwidth requirements and decentralizing the architecture. In this paper we investigate use cases driving the growth of SBC clusters, we examine the trends in future hardware developments, and discuss the potential of SBC clusters as a disruptive technology. Compared to traditional clusters, SBC clusters have a reduced footprint, are low-cost, and have low power requirements. This enables different models of deployment particularly outside traditional data center environments. We discuss the applicability of existing software and management infrastructure to support exotic deployment scenarios and anticipate the next generation of SBC. We conclude that the SBC cluster is a new and distinct computational deployment paradigm, which is applicable to a wider range of scenarios than current clusters. It facilitates Internet of Things and Smart City systems and is potentially a game changer in pushing application logic out towards the network edge. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.

关键词： Raspberry Pi Edge computing Networks cloud computing centralization/decentralization Distributed computing methodologies Multicore architectures Emerging architectures

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Decentralized and Energy-Efficient Workload Management in Enterprise Clouds

引用

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CLOUD COMPUTING 2016年第2期4卷 196-209页

作者： Pantazoglou, Michael Tzortzakis, Gavriil Delis, Alex Univ Athens Dept Informat & Telecommun Athens 15784 Greece

We present a decentralized approach towards scalable and energy-efficient management of virtual machine (VM) instances that are provisioned by large, enterprise clouds. In our approach, the computation resources of the data center are effectively organized into a hypercube structure. The hypercube seamlessly scales up and down as resources are either added or removed in response to changes in the number of provisioned VM instances. Without supervision from any central components, each compute node operates autonomously and manages its own workload by applying a set of distributed load balancing rules and algorithms. On one hand, underutilized nodes attempt to shift their workload to their hypercube neighbors and switch off. On the other, overutilized nodes attempt to migrate a subset of their VM instances so as to reduce their power consumption and prevent degradation of their own resources, which in turn may lead to SLA violations. In both cases, the compute nodes in our approach do not overload their counterparts in order to improve their own energy footprint. An evaluation and comparative study of the proposed approach provides evidence of its merits in terms of elasticity, energy efficiency, and scalability, as well as of its feasibility in the presence of high workload rates.

关键词： centralization/decentralization Distributed systems Energy-aware systems

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

"Supermarket warehouses": stocking policies optimization in an assembly-to-order environment

引用

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2010年第5-8期50卷 775-788页

作者： Battini, Daria Faccio, Maurizio Persona, Alessandro Sgarbossa, Fabio Univ Padua Dept Innovat Mech & Management I-35131 Padua Italy Univ Padua Dept Management & Engn I-36100 Vicenza Italy

In modern assembly-to-order systems, sub-assemblies warehouse locations, dimensions, and supply are critical decisional variables. Persona et al. (Int J Prod Econ 110(1-2):147-159, 2007) affirm the structural diversity between assembly parts can largely influence the stocking policies. On the other hand, Zhang et al. (2007) and Hsu et al. (Nav Res Logist 54(5):510-523, 2007) substantiate that the problem gets more complex when it comes to choosing the correct physical locations for common assembly parts. The study at hand concentrates on components warehouse centralization/decentralization choices in an assembly-to-order (ATO) environment, which typically supplies the assembly systems with components' kits through decentralized warehouses called "Supermarkets". Specifically, this paper applies an innovative step-by-step procedure to support materials management decision-making policies in order to define when, how, and where it is convenient to install a supermarket warehouse, considering the typical aspect of an ATO environment: number, type, position of the assembly systems, demand rate and commonality degree of components used, internal transportation equipment and transportation costs, load unit capacity, space cost for stocking, space availability in the plant, inventory costs, and safety stock dimension.

关键词： Stocking policies Assembly to order centralization/decentralization Warehouse Supermarket

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Managing the development of shared service centers: Stakeholder considerations 05

Managing the development of shared service centers: Stakehol...

引用

7th International Conference on Electronic Commerce (ICEC 2005)

作者： Janssen, Marijn Delft Univ Technol Fac Technol Policy & Management NL-2628 BX Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)1595931120

Politicians and public managers continue to debate over whether to centralize or to decentralize departments, information systems and services. Shared service centers (SSCs) are gaining importance in public administration as a means to innovate, to reduce costs and to increase service levels. The discussions about the decision whether to use SSCs seem to be predominantly focused on efficiency and effectiveness aspects, which are rational arguments. In this paper we describe and analyze the introduction of a SSC within a municipality from a stakeholder perspective and centralization/decentralization strategy. Our analysis suggests that that implementation of SSCs should pay careful attention to the management of the implementation process. In our case study we found that most of the stakeholders considered the SSC as a complete centralization strategy in the initiating stage. During the implementation stage of the SSC they became aware that it would not be a completely centralized;a mixed decentralization/centralization strategy was taken. An active stakeholder management strategy can help to set the right expectations, creating a sense of urgency and avoid misconceptions.

关键词： stakeholder theory data centers shared service centers centralization/decentralization e-government

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Organization and institutionalization of Russia's political parties in 1905-1917 and 1993-2007: Similarities and differences from two occidentalist periods

引用

PARTY POLITICS 2011年第5期17卷 581-609页

作者： Perepechko, Alexander S. ZumBrunnen, Craig Kolossov, Vladimir A. ADS GIS & Mapping Seattle WA 98103 USA Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Russian Acad Sci Inst Geog Ctr Geopolit Studies Moscow Russia

In this article, we use logit models to examine the role of the major characteristics of a political party's organization, (1) legitimation, (2) penetration/diffusion, (3) charisma, (4) ideology and (5) centralization/decentralization, in the institutionalization of parties in both pre-Soviet and post-Soviet Russian national parliamentary elections. The article begins by situating this research in the context of the theoretical and empirical literature on party origins, organizational development and institutionalization, in general, and party formation theories in post-communist countries, specifically. The impact of organizational features on electoral success or failure is analysed for 24 parties. The models correctly predicted both the successful and failed parties in the 2007 Russian Duma election and offer reasons for the apparent floating party system in Russia.

关键词： centralization/decentralization charisma diffusion election floating party system ideology legitimation logit party organization penetration Russia

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Political and administrative decentralization and responses to COVID-19: comparison of the United States and South Korea

引用

International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior 2021年第4期24卷 289-299页

作者： Park, Sanghee Fowler, Luke Boise State University Boise ID United States

Purpose: This study explains the variation of government responses to the pandemic by focusing on how centralization/decentralization in politics and administration creates conflicts and coordination problems. Specifically, the authors make comparisons between the U.S. and South Korea to reveal differences in macro-level structures and associated responses. One of the key points of comparison is the centralized, hierarchical governance system, which may thwart or facilitate a coordinated response. Design/methodology/approach: This is an in-depth comparative case study of the two countries that showed different trajectories during the initial response to COVID-19. The comparison allows us to highlight the long-standing debate about centralization/decentralization and offers implications for government responses to crises shaped by political systems and administrative structures. Findings: While there are inherent pros and cons to decentralization, the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the institutional limitations in American federalism and the advantages that centralized administrative coordination creates during times of crisis. American federalism has unveiled systematic problems in coordination, along with the leadership crisis in polarized politics. The response from South Korea also reveals several issues in the administratively centralized and politically polarized environment. Research limitations/implications: While the authors risk comparing apples and oranges, the variation unveils systematic contradictions in polarized politics and offers important implications for government responses in times of crisis. However, this article did not fully account for individual leadership as an independent factor that interacts with existing political/administrative institutions. Practical implications: There is certainly no one best way or one-size-fits-all solution to mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in countries under different circumstances. This article demonstrates tha

关键词： Administration centralization/decentralization COVID-19 Government responses Politics

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

centralization of franchising networks: evidence from the Austrian franchise sector

引用

JOURNAL OF BUSINESS RESEARCH 2004年第12期57卷 1361-1369页

作者： Windsperger, J Univ Vienna Ctr Business Studies A-1210 Vienna Austria

Based on the property rights approach, residual decision rights in franchising networks must be allocated according to the distribution of intangible knowledge assets between the franchisor and franchisee. Our analysis follows from this hypothesis: the more important the franchisor's system-specific assets for the generation of residual surplus, the more residual decision rights are assigned to the franchisor, and the higher is the degree of centralization of the franchising network. This property rights hypothesis is tested in the Austrian franchise sector. The results of the study suggest that the franchisor's intangible system-specific know-how and brand name assets have a stronger influence on the allocation of residual decision rights in the franchising network than the franchisee's intangible local market assets. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： franchising networks intangible assets residual decision rights centralization/decentralization

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Organizational arrangements for MIS units

引用

Information and Management 1980年第1期3卷 19-26页

作者： Ein-Dor, Phillip Segev, Eli Faculty of Management Naval Postgraduate School United States Faculty of Management Graduate School of Management UCLA United States

Decisions on organizational arrangements for MIS units comprise location in the organization, rank of responsible executive, organization of MIS implementators, degree of centralization, the user interface, the study group, the steering committee, the data base administrator, the corporate computer staff, and external assistance. Based on a wide-ranging survey of papers in the field of MIS, the authors have formulated guidelines which derive from the impact of organizational decisions on the success or failure or MIS and MIS projects. © 1980.

关键词： centralization/decentralization Corporate Computer Staff Data Base Administrator Executive Responsible External Assistance Management Information Systems MIS Implementors MIS Units Organizational Arrangements Organizational Location Steering Committee Study Group User Interface

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

A Role of RMAS, Blockchain, and Zero-Knowledge Proof in Sustainable Supply Chains 50

A Role of RMAS, Blockchain, and Zero-Knowledge Proof in Sust...

引用

50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2024

作者： Pirani, Massimiliano Cucchiarelli, Alessandro Spalazzi, Luca Dept. of Information Sciences and Technologies Pegaso Telematic University Naples Italy Dept. of Information Engineering Marche Polytechnic University Ancona Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464543

Blockchain technologies and paradigms can provide new ground for the management of complex socio-technical problems like supply chains. The contribution of this work is a work-in-progress experimental setting to demonstrate the effectiveness of a novel distributed business process management scheme that integrates the RMAS (Relational-model Multi Agent System) and the Blockchain frameworks. The research work is conducted in a food supply chain case study aiming to sustainability and social good through a purposeful organisation of the autonomous behaviour of the actors in the system. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Active databases centralization/decentralization Flexible Business Process Integration Human-centered computing integrity protection Security

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：