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JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY 1988年第2期17卷 85-93页

作者： FUJIMOTO, K HIYAOKA, A CHO, F HONJO, S Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical Science National Institute of Health Ibaragi Japan

Serum IgG, IgA and IgM levels were measured in domestically bred African green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) ranging in age from 0 day to 49 months as well as in adult (5 years or older) animals of wild origin. Transplacental transfer of IgG was observed. IgG, IgA and IgM levels increased with increasing age except for a temporal decrease of IgG level in the first month of life.

关键词： African green monkey cercopithecus aethiops IgG IgA IgM Serum Ig Milk Ig Transplacental transfer Age-related changes

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ODONTOMETRIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN cercopithecus-aethiops POPULATIONS - A SIMULATION APPROACH TO ESTIMATING CONFIDENCE-LIMITS FOR PENROSES SHAPE COEFFICIENT

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY 1988年第1期9卷 49-58页

作者： GROENEVELD, HT KIESER, JA UNIV WITWATERSRAND DEPT ANAT JOHANNESBURG 2001 SOUTH AFRICA UNIV WITWATERSRAND DEPT ORTHODONT JOHANNESBURG 2001 SOUTH AFRICA

A modified bootstrapping procedure is described by means of which standard errors and confidence limits may be determined for the Penrose shape coefficient. This method is then applied to odontometric data derived from four closely related groups of primates: cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus, C. a. sabaeus,St. Kitt’s green monkey (derived from C. a. sabaeus),and C. a. *** statistically significant distances were found to exist between these groups, one shape coefficient was significantly greater than the others: that between C. a. pygerythrusand C. a. *** levels of sexual dimorphism characterized the shape coefficients, with distances based on mandibular teeth being greater than those derived from maxillary teeth.

关键词： cercopithecus aethiops Efron's bootstrap Penrose's distance

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ACTIVITY BUDGET AND DIET OF PATAS MONKEYS IN KALA-MALOUE NATIONAL-PARK, CAMEROON - A PRELIMINARY-REPORT

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PRIMATES 1989年第1期30卷 27-34页

作者： NAKAGAWA, N KYOTO UNIV PRIMATE RES INST INUYAMA AICHI 484 JAPAN

A preliminary study was carried out on the feeding ecology of patas monkeys in the rainy season in Cameroon. Their daily activity rhythm revealed two active peaks. The proportion of time spent on feeding with respect to waking time was 30%. Patas monkeys largely depended on the flowers and buds of herbaceous plants and the larvae of insects for their diet as they ranged widely. Patas monkeys spent more time in feeding and travelled for a longer distance per day than the sympatric primate species, the tantalus monkey. It is considered that these findings reflected the large amount of food requirement due to the large body size, as well as the low density and high degree of dispersal of their food.

关键词： Activity budget Cameroon cercopithecus aethiops Comparative feeding ecology Daily activity rhythm Diet Erythrocebus patas

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INVIVO AND INVITRO TURNOVER IN DENTAL MICROWEAR

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1989年第4期80卷 447-460页

作者： TEAFORD, MF OYEN, OJ JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCH MED DEPT CELL BIOL & ANAT BALTIMORE MD 21205 USA CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV SCH DENT DEPT ORAL BIOL CLEVELAND OH 44106 USA

Given the potential usefulness of dental microwear analyses in interpretations of archaeological and paleontological material, it is surprising how little we know about changes in individual microwear features through time. The purpose of this study was to document the turnover in primate dental microwear through in vivo dental studies of monkeys raised on different diets, and through in vitro studies of the abrasive effects of monkey chow biscuits on isolated monkey teeth. As in previous studies, epoxy replicas were prepared from dental impressions and examined under a scanning electron microscope. Results indicate that, under certain conditions, the turnover in primate dental microwear can be on the order of days, hours, or even minutes. Individual microscopic wear features can be obliterated within 24 hours on the molars of laboratory monkeys, and monkey chow biscuits can easily scratch the enamel of isolated monkey teeth. Monkeys raised on a hard diet showed more rapid turnover in dental microwear than monkeys raised on a soft diet. However, paired-sample tests revealed that, for all animals, the molar shearing facets were being abraded at a significantly slower rate than molar crushing/grinding facets. In light of these results, investigators should make every effort to use large samples in interspecific comparisons of dental microwear involving species with variable diets. Another implication of these results is that changes in dental microwear might be useful indicators of changes in oral behavior over relatively short periods of time.

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy Molar Abrasion cercopithecus aethiops

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A METRIC ANALYSIS OF cercopithecus-aethiops DENTITION

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY 1987年第3期8卷 261-280页

作者： KIESER, JA GROENEVELD, HT UNIV PRETORIA DEPT STATPRETORIASOUTH AFRICA

Normative adontometric data are presented on a sample of 100 adult cercopithecus aethiops(51 male, 49 female). When correlation effects among the teeth were held constant through multivariate canonical analyses, contributions of individual tooth loci to the male-female distance were found to be similar to those isolated by univariate means. The present study fails to support Garn’s field theory of sex dimorphism. When these patterns of sexual dimorphism were contrasted with those of three other conspecific groups, the anterior teeth were found to show greater intrapopulation variation than the posterior teeth. This, together with the finding that Penrose’s shape distances between the groups were greater for anterior than postcanine teeth, provides evidence in support of Suolé’s hypothesis. The latter suggests, inter alia, that high coefficients of variation indicate a proportionately higher environmental than hereditary contribution to phenotypic variation. Negative correlations between tooth size and coefficients of variation suggest that tooth-size variability is related to size rather than occlusal complexity.

关键词： cercopithecus aethiops odontometrics Penrose variability profiles

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ECOLOGICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES ON THE PATTERN OF ASSOCIATION IN ST KITTS VERVETS

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PRIMATES 1988年第3期29卷 417-421页

作者： CHAPMAN, CA FEDIGAN, LM FEDIGAN, L UNIV ALBERTA DEPT ANTHROPOL EDMONTON T6L 2E1 ALBERTA CANADA UNIV ALBERTA EDMONTON T6E 2E1 ALBERTA CANADA

A group of St. Kitts vervets (cercopithecus aethiops) were observed to have an association pattern which involved the formation of spatially separated subgroups which were unstable in composition. Five types of subgroups are described which account for 94% of the associations observed. The size of the subgroups changed when the abundance and distribution of the available resources changed. Based on this observation and on an analysis of the diurnal patterning of subgroups, we suggest that the association pattern of the vervets is a response to the distribution of food resources and that it arose under specific demographic conditions.

关键词： Association patterns cercopithecus aethiops Social organization Vervets

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SPONTANEOUS AND EXPERIMENTAL HEPATITIS-A IN OLD-WORLD MONKEYS

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JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY 1988年第4期17卷 177-194页

作者： SHEVTSOVA, ZV LAPIN, BA DOROSHENKO, NV KRILOVA, RI KORZAJA, LI LOMOVSKAYA, IB DZHELIEVA, ZN ZAIROV, GK STAKHANOVA, VM BELOVA, EG SAZHCHENKO, LA DI IVANOVSKY VIROL RES INST MOSCOW USSR

Virologic, serologic, biochemical, and morphological data characterizing spontaneous hepatitis A (HA) in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) are reported. Experimental HA was induced in macaques as a result of infection with human hepatitis A virus (HAV-h). Disease similar to human HA was induced in cynomolgus macaques by HAV isolates from spontaneously sick rhesus (M. mulatta) and green monkeys. This experimental model of HA in macaques can be used for vaccine and anti-viral preparation testing.

关键词： Hepatitis A Macaca fascicularis M. mulatta cercopithecus aethiops Experimental hepatitis Spontaneous hepatitis

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REPRODUCTION IN THE VERVET MONKEY (cercopithecus-aethiops) .1. TESTICULAR VOLUME, TESTOSTERONE, AND SEASONALITY

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY 1986年第3期10卷 229-235页

作者： ELEY, RM ELSE, JG GULAMHUSEIN, N LEQUIN, RM Institute of Primate Research National Museums of Kenya Nairobi

To test whether the male could contribute to the birth peak seen in both wild and captive vervets, testicular volume and peripheral testosterone concentration were measured monthly in nine adults throughout a 14-month period. Volume was an average of 15% greater during the months of June to September, the period of natural breeding activity in the wild, than at other times of the year. Testosterone concentration rose throughout the time period but did not correlate with testicular volume. Quarterly biopsies of the right testis in animals either used for or withheld from breeding revealed the presence of spermatozoa and the existence of spermatogenesis throughout the year. There was no correlation of testicular volume with breeding status or biospy. If these results from individually caged animals are representative of group-caged and wild animals, then such small seasonal changes are unlikely to affect year-around breeding. Therefore, a physiological contribution by the male to natural birth peaks seen in the wild and captivity is not readily apparent.

关键词： vervet monkey cercopithecus aethiops testes testosterone seasonality

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MOTHER INFANT RELATIONSHIPS IN VERVET MONKEYS - RESPONSE TO NEW ADULT MALES

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY 1987年第4期8卷 351-366页

作者： FAIRBANKS, LA MCGUIRE, MT VET ADM MED CTR SEPULVEDA CA 91343 USA

The reaction of mothers to replacement of breeding adult males was studied in two captive groups of vervet monkeys. Mother-infant behavior for 15 infants born in the season following the introduction of new males was compared to mother-infant behavior for 35 infants born with adult males that had been resident in the group for more than a year. The mothers responded to the presence of new males by being more protective toward their infants in the first 3 months. Increased protectiveness disappeared in the second 3 months, and in the infant’s sixth month of life mothers with new males in the group became more rejecting than mothers with long-term resident males. The combination of increased protectiveness and increased rejection was unusual among the mothers with long-term resident males but was the most common mothering style used in the presence of new males. The rate of rejection was inversely correlated with the interbirth interval, and mothers with new males in the group conceived sooner and had significantly shorter inter-birth intervals compared to mothers with long-term resident males.

关键词： cercopithecus aethiops infanticide interbirth interval mother-infant relationship mothering style

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LEISHMANIA-MAJOR - THE SUITABILITY OF EAST-AFRICAN NONHUMAN-PRIMATES AS ANIMAL-MODELS FOR CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS

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EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY 1987年第3期64卷 438-447页

作者： GITHURE, JI REID, GDF BINHAZIM, AA ANJILI, CO SHATRY, AM HENDRICKS, LD KENYA MED RES INST BIOMED SCI RES CTR POB 54840 NAIROBI KENYA NATL MUSEUM KENYA INST PRIMATE RES NAIROBI KENYA WALTER REED ARMY INST RES WASHINGTON DC 20307 USA

The susceptibility of four species of East African nonhuman primates to experimental infection with Leishmania major was investigated. Four Syke''s monkeys (cercopithecus mitis), two vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops), two baboons (Papio cynocepalus), and two brown bushbabies (Galago garnetti) were each inoculated intradermally on the left eyelid, left ear, and nose with 0.1 ml of medium containing 1 .times. 107 promastigotes of a characterized L. major strain. All the nonhuman primates except the bushbabies developed erythema and conspicuous nodules on the eyelids and ears by 3 weeks PI. The nodules increased rapidly in size and ulceration was evident on the eyelids and ears by 49 days PI in the vervets, Syke''s, and baboons. The aspirates were positive in culture or smears at 35, 49, 63, and 77 days PI. No parasites were observed in cultures or smears at 92, 105, 128, 147, and 161 days PI. The lesions in these animals began resolving by 84 days PI and were completely healed by 112 days PI. The exception was one baboon in which lesion healing did not start until around 147 days and was completely healed by 182 days PI. Cultures from the liver failed to demonstrate visceralization of the parasite in any of the animals throughout the 68 weeks of the experiment. Challenge with the same strain of L. major 6 months PI, corresponding to about 3 months after self cure, failed to produce infection in any of these experimental hosts. All the nonhuman primates except the bushbaby when challenged with the same strain of L. major at 12 months PI developed lesions and were positive for parasites at 14 and 28 days PI. Positive cultures were obtained from the eyelid and ear of one vervet up to 42 days PI. However, the lesion sizes in all these animals were smaller than in the infection and did not ulcerate. The nodules disappeared within 6 to 8 weeks as compared to 16 weeks in the initial infection. The histopathological appearance of the lesions varied from diffuse infiltra

关键词： Baboon Bushbaby cercopithecus aethiops cercopithecus mitis Galago garnettii Immunity Leishmania major Leishmania tropica Lesion Nonhuman primates Papio cynocephalus Self cure Syke's monkey Vervet monkey

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