Between 1975 and 1983, adult female vervet monkeys ( cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus ) over 3.5 years of age, living in two undisturbed social groups in a captive colony in Sepulveda, California, have averaged 1.0 birt...
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Between 1975 and 1983, adult female vervet monkeys ( cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus ) over 3.5 years of age, living in two undisturbed social groups in a captive colony in Sepulveda, California, have averaged 1.0 births per female year with a mean interbirth interval of 10.7 months. Increased fecundity did not result in decreased survival rates of offspring in this population. Fecundity was influenced by the mother's age and dominance rank. The primary factor in the age‐fecundity relationship was the age at first birth, which varied from three to five years. High‐ranking females contributed the most to the high rate of fecundity, with significantly shorter interbirth intervals, more births per female year, and more surviving infants compared to low‐ranking females.
Status hierarchies were examined in a captive group over a 12‐year period (1968–1979) to establish the stability and structure of vervet monkey dominance relationships. Dyadic records of spontaneous avoid , bite , c...
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Status hierarchies were examined in a captive group over a 12‐year period (1968–1979) to establish the stability and structure of vervet monkey dominance relationships. Dyadic records of spontaneous avoid , bite , chase , and supplant behaviors are summarized into a win/lose matrix to produce a rank order of status at the end of each calendar year. The 13,717 agonistic acts tabulated are drawn from both focal and ad lib data. Relative rank is computed by dividing the rank position of each individual by the number of individuals ranked for that year. Relative rank was found to be quite stable for adults of both sexes, although males were more variable than females. There was a strong matinrline effect on all captive born animals' rank position. No gender difference in rank was demonstrable. Infants were very subordinate at the end of their first year, but rose to positions near those of their mothers by the end of the fourth year. Presence or absence of canine teeth had no demonstrable effect on status. The results emphasize the relative importance of social learning in the establishment and maintenance of dominance relationships. The apparent gender difference in rank among wild living vervets is hypothesized to be a consequence of the male intergroup mobility. If a male is restrained from emigration, he is strongly affected by his mother's rank as he establishes his own dominance position in the troop.
Two distinctive aminopeptidase isozymes were identified in the serum of the vervet monkey. The L-methionine-sensitive cytosol aminopeptidase (AP;EC 3.4.11.1) is present in all samples, while the cystyl aminopeptidase ...
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Two distinctive aminopeptidase isozymes were identified in the serum of the vervet monkey. The L-methionine-sensitive cytosol aminopeptidase (AP;EC 3.4.11.1) is present in all samples, while the cystyl aminopeptidase (CAP;EC 3.4.11.3) isozyme, which is resistant to inhibition by 0.1 M L-methionine, is found only in the serum of pregnant females. The pregnancy-specific CAP isozyme appears in the serum between the 5th and the 11th wk of a nearly 22 wk pregnancy. The overall aminopeptidase activity and the activity of the L-methionine-insensitive isozymes alone are both significantly greater in the serum of pregnant females than in nonpregnant females. Consequently, the presence of the cystyl aminopeptidase isozyme in the serum is a useful diagnostic indicator of pregnancy in the vervet monkey.
Blood and saliva samples were collected from 330 vervet monkeys living in 30 troops in central and southern Kenya. The saliva samples were tested for the presence of human-type ABH antigens by standard agglutinationin...
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Blood and saliva samples were collected from 330 vervet monkeys living in 30 troops in central and southern Kenya. The saliva samples were tested for the presence of human-type ABH antigens by standard agglutinationinhibition tests. This population of vervets is the first in which the O phenotype has been found to occur. The gene frequencies in the overall population are as follows: A, 0.74; B, 0.21; and O, 0.05. The serum samples were tested for the presence of agglutinins having specificities like those of human anti-A and anti-B. Ten percent of the vervets have anomalous combinations of salivary antigens and serum agglutinins. The nature of the anomalies is described and a hypothesis presented to account for these observations.
Funduscopic examinations were performed on 139 African green monkeys(cercopithecus aethiops). Notable observations were made in 5% including varying degrees of retinal hypopigmentation and nerve fiber myelination. Bil...
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Funduscopic examinations were performed on 139 African green monkeys(cercopithecus aethiops). Notable observations were made in 5% including varying degrees of retinal hypopigmentation and nerve fiber myelination. Bilateral optic nerve head colobomas were found in one monkey. This species was easily tranquilized and examined using the described methods.
At two years of age the interstitial tissue of cercopithecus aethiops is composed principally of undifferentiated, fibroblast‐like cells. Also present during this time are scattered differentiating Leydig cells, whic...
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At two years of age the interstitial tissue of cercopithecus aethiops is composed principally of undifferentiated, fibroblast‐like cells. Also present during this time are scattered differentiating Leydig cells, which are characterized by a large nucleus, numerous mitochondria, elements of smooth reticulum, and small cisternae of rough reticulum. A mean level of 1.69 ± 0.66 ng/ml of testosterone was found. At three years Leydig cells are much more numerous and developed; since all the elements of steroid secreting cells are present, even their morphology differs from that observed in mature cells. Lipid accumulation is characteristic during this period. A mean testosterone level of 2.28 ± 0.47 ng/ml was found. Mature Leydig cells are basically similar to that of other mammals, while they differ significantly from that of human Leydig cells.
Gang-caged adult male vervet monkeys were trained to urinate on demand into a plastic beaker by positive reinforcement (peanut rewards). The animals were not separated from their social group during training or sampling.
Gang-caged adult male vervet monkeys were trained to urinate on demand into a plastic beaker by positive reinforcement (peanut rewards). The animals were not separated from their social group during training or sampling.
The results of breeding C. aethiops under time-mated laboratory conditions and analysis of total estrogen, progesterone and LH [lutropin] concentrations in plasma during the menstrual cycle, and plasma estrogen and pr...
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The results of breeding C. aethiops under time-mated laboratory conditions and analysis of total estrogen, progesterone and LH [lutropin] concentrations in plasma during the menstrual cycle, and plasma estrogen and progesterone concentrations during pregnancy indicate that this species is a suitable alternative for the rhesus monkey as a model for investigations of reproductive function in man.
Doses of d-amphetamine sulfate (0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 mg/kg body wt) were given to adult monkeys in mother-infant pairs. The fundamental parental care behavior pattern was disrupted and the mother became isolated in a soc...
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Doses of d-amphetamine sulfate (0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 mg/kg body wt) were given to adult monkeys in mother-infant pairs. The fundamental parental care behavior pattern was disrupted and the mother became isolated in a socially withdrawn phase. She did not respond to the calling signals of the infant and showed behavior in which stereotyped self-grooming and/or staring into space were predominant. The reactions of the infant to this amphetamine-induced behavior were different in the 2 experimental pairs. In group 1 the infant increased its approach-avoidance movements. In group 2 the infant sat very quietly and close in front of the mother. The mother from group 1 reacted to the increased approaches from its infant with active rejection. In both groups the mothers did not react with the typical ventral-ventral grasping to either the infants sitting close or to the social anxiety signals of the infants. In spite of differences in behavioral changes induced by amphetamine, the main conclusion is that the mothers totally lost their normal and highly biologic significant interest in their infants.
A serum protein in the grivet (C. aethiops), immunologically cross-reacting with human pregnancy zone protein (PZP), is found in males and in nonpregnant females. The electrophoretic mobility, antigenic cross-reactivi...
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A serum protein in the grivet (C. aethiops), immunologically cross-reacting with human pregnancy zone protein (PZP), is found in males and in nonpregnant females. The electrophoretic mobility, antigenic cross-reactivity, MW and carbohydrate structure appear analogous to PZP;however, contrary to the situation in man, exogenous estrogens cause a fall in serum concentration of the protein.
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