作者：
ROSE, MDSection of Gross Anatomy
Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine 333 Cedar Street New Haven Connecticut 06510 U.S.A.
Evidence is examined that supports the view that in collecting-predatory primates many of the behaviours associated with the predatory component of the subsistence pattern are similar to those occurring during omnivor...
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Evidence is examined that supports the view that in collecting-predatory primates many of the behaviours associated with the predatory component of the subsistence pattern are similar to those occurring during omnivorous collecting activities. General similarities are found between some elements of predatory behavior and some overall features of omnivorous foraging and feeding, and more specific similarities are found with collecting behavior directed towards rarely occurring, clumped, or highly favoured plant foods. It is suggested that there are few elements in primate predatory behavior that require more than the general behavioral plasticity and adaptability that omnivorous, ground foraging primates exhibit with respect to the exploitation of different types of plant foods. The emergence of the gathering-hunting human subsistence pattern out of a collecting-predatory pattern that was in turn based on omnivorous collecting is a model for an evolutionary pathway that is consistent with both direct and comparative evidence. While the comparative evidence enables some general features of this model to be described, caution is advised about applying more detailed features of the subsistence behavior of non-human mammals to the postulated subsistence patterns of hominid populations the morphology and behavior of which were not identical to those of living primate or other mammalian species.
Clinical and morphological characteristics of infection with encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus are described. Infection of several monkey species (Macaca mulatta, Papio hamadryas, cercopithecus aethiops, Erythrocebus p...
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Clinical and morphological characteristics of infection with encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus are described. Infection of several monkey species (Macaca mulatta, Papio hamadryas, cercopithecus aethiops, Erythrocebus patas) with EMC virus causes severe disease, often with fatal outcome. Clinically the disease was characterized by symptoms of myocarditis and neurological disorders. In green monkeys and hamadryas baboons ECG changes indicated the existence of necrotic foci in the cardiac muscle. Pathomorphological investigation showed encephalitis, with the main lesion in the brain stem, and parenchymal-interstitial myocarditis, often with massive myocardial necroses. Inflammation in the brown fat and striated muscle was a typical finding. The disease was accompanied by viremia and virus accumulation in different organs. The virus was most often detected in the cardiac muscle, brown fat, liver and spleen. The isolated virus strain is highly pathogenic for different monkey species and, by the character of brown fat and striated muscle affection, close to Coxsackie group viruses.
1. 1. Secretory proteins from the salivary glands of Macaca irus and cercopithecus aethiops were obtained by the tissue culture technique. 2. 2. Data from isoelectric focusing, gel filtration and immunodiffusion showe...
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1. 1. Secretory proteins from the salivary glands of Macaca irus and cercopithecus aethiops were obtained by the tissue culture technique. 2. 2. Data from isoelectric focusing, gel filtration and immunodiffusion showed extensive similarities between the individual glands of the two species. 3. 3. Immunological identity was present between the three main protein components of submandibular tissue from M. irus and C. aethiops , but the main components of the submandibular glands were not identical with the corresponding sublingual components. One submandibular component was common to the parotid gland secretion.
The bushbaby ( Galago crassicaudatus), patas ( Erythrocebus patas), and grivet(cercopithecus aethiops) have been evaluated as hosts in experimental schistosomiasis haematobia. Individual hosts demonstrated considerabl...
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The bushbaby ( Galago crassicaudatus), patas ( Erythrocebus patas), and grivet(cercopithecus aethiops) have been evaluated as hosts in experimental schistosomiasis haematobia. Individual hosts demonstrated considerable variation in host-parasite relationships. E. patas is suggested as a host for continuing investigations in Schistosoma haematobium infections, based upon its moderate susceptibility to infection and a moderate potential for pathological involvement of the urogenital system.
Sectors of anterior segments of vervet eyes were exposed to solutions of different osmolarities (cercopithecus aethiops). After hypertonic incubation followed by isotonic fixation, as well as after fixation directly i...
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Sectors of anterior segments of vervet eyes were exposed to solutions of different osmolarities (cercopithecus aethiops). After hypertonic incubation followed by isotonic fixation, as well as after fixation directly in hypertonic fixative, the ciliary epithelium showed constant changes. These changes consisted of a shrinkage pattern with dilations of intercellular clefts in the superficial region of the epithelium, whereas no dilations occurred in the basal layer. The basal junctional complex of the superficial cell layer was always intact. The detailed structure of this complex is described. The conclusion is drawn that it functions as a barrier to the molecules of the solutes in question, and that it may also have this function in vivo with regard to molecules of similar size.
1. 1. The effect of alterations to the basic structure of the skin, without injury, on transepidermal water loss (T.W.L.) has been investigated and the T.W.L. of mucous membranes determined. 2. 2. Covering the skin wi...
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Anesthetized vervets were given intravenous injections of horseradish peroxidase. Subsequent studies of iris capillaries with the electron microscope showed peroxidase reaction product within the lumen of the vessels ...
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Vervet monkeys were given horseradish peroxidase intravenously. Subsequent studies with the electron microscope showed: 1. The peroxidase molecules penetrated the capillary walls of the ciliary processes and "fil...
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Eyes of vervets were fixed by several methods, and the iris capillaries were studied by electron microscopy. The capillaries have a continuous endothelium without fenestrae. Tight junctions are always present in inter...
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