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检索条件"主题词=Change Detection Algorithms"

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Placement and Orientation of Rotating Directional Sensors

Placement and Orientation of Rotating Directional Sensors

引用

IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON)

作者： Giordano Fusco Himanshu Gupta Stony Brook University USA

We analyze several new problems that arise from the use of rotating directional sensors. The coverage region of a rotating directional sensor is restricted to a certain direction, and its orientation varies at constant speed. For already placed rotating directional sensors, we consider three problems for which the goal is to minimize the dark time (i.e. uncovered time) of all point in the area. We also consider the problem of placement and orientation of the minimum number of sensors, so to reduce to zero the dark time of all points. In addition, we study barrier coverage problems, in which the goal is to detect all intruders (or the largest number of them) that are trying to cross the monitored area. We show that these problems are NP-hard and some of them also NP-hard to approximate. We provide approximations algorithms that are easy to decentralize, and hence allow the sensors to self organize themselves.

关键词： Approximation algorithms Cameras Algorithm design and analysis Monitoring Art Communications Society Context change detection algorithms Radar Polynomials

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Hybrid speaker-based segmentation system using model-level clustering

Hybrid speaker-based segmentation system using model-level c...

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Hyoung-Gook Kim D. Ertelt T. Sikora Communication Systems Institute Technical University Berlin Germany

We present a hybrid speaker-based segmentation, which combines metric-based and model-based techniques. Without a priori information about the number of speakers and speaker identities, the speech stream is segmented in three stages: (1) the most likely speaker changes are detected; (2) to group segments of identical speakers, a two-level clustering algorithm is performed using a Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and HMM model scores - every cluster is assumed to contain only one speaker; (3) the speaker models are reestimated from each cluster by HMM. Finally a resegmentation step performs a more refined segmentation using these speaker models. To measure the performance, we compare the segmentation results of the proposed hybrid method versus metric-based segmentation. Results show that the hybrid approach using two-level clustering significantly outperforms direct metric-based segmentation.

关键词： Hidden Markov models Speech Clustering algorithms Loudspeakers change detection algorithms Robust stability Feature extraction Merging Bayesian methods Algorithm design and analysis

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Assessment of safety levels and an innovative design for the Lane change Assistant

Assessment of safety levels and an innovative design for the...

引用

IEEE Symposium on Intelligent Vehicle

作者： Mark Roelofsen Jing Bie Lisheng Jin Bart van Arem Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Technology University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Centre for Transport Studies Faculty of Engineering Technology University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Transportation and Traffic College Jilin University Changchun Jilin China Department of Transport and Planning Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technnology Delft Netherlands

In this paper we propose a novel design for the Lane change Assistant (LCA). For drivers on the highway, LCA advises them on whether it is safe to change lanes under the current traffic conditions. We focus on how the LCA can provide a reliable advice in practice by considering the issues of changing circumstances and measurement uncertainties. Under some generic assumptions we develop a micro-simulation model for the lane change safety assessment. The model is in line with the car following models and lane change algorithms available in literature. It retains a probabilistic character to accurately represent realistic situations. Based on a sensitivity study we are able to develop a robust design for the LCA. In this design the system accounts for the practical uncertainties by including appropriate extra safety distances. The driver interface consists of a spectrum of five LED lights, each operating on a distinct color (varying from red to green) and guaranteeing a certain safety degree. Our results allow car developers to easily acquire reliable designs for the LCA.

关键词： Vehicle detection Road safety Delay Vehicle driving change detection algorithms Road transportation Road accidents Intelligent vehicles USA Councils Vehicle safety

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Signal adaptive postprocessing for blocking effects reduction in JPEG image

Signal adaptive postprocessing for blocking effects reductio...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： H.C. Kim H.W. Park Department Informatiom and Communication Engineering KAIST Seoul South Korea

A postprocessing algorithm is proposed to reduce the blocking artifacts of joint photographic experts group (JPEG) decompressed images. The reconstructed images from JPEG compression produce noticeable image degradation near the block boundaries, in particular, for highly compressed images because each block is transformed and quantized independently. The reduction of these blocking effects has been an essential issue for high quality visual communications. The proposed postprocessing algorithm reduces these blocking artifacts efficiently. A comparison study between the proposed algorithm and other postprocessing algorithms is made by computer simulation with several JPEG images. These simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the blocking artifacts significantly in the subjective and objective views.

关键词： Adaptive filters Image coding Degradation Discrete cosine transforms Low pass filters Transform coding Computer simulation Filtering change detection algorithms Image reconstruction

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Joint segmentation of a set of piecewise stationary processes

Joint segmentation of a set of piecewise stationary processe...

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International Conference on Computational Cybernetics (ICCC)

作者： S. Reboul M. Benjelloun Laboratoire d''Analyse des Systèmes du Littoral Calais France

We present in this article a Bayesian estimation model for the joint segmentation of a set of piecewise stationary process. The estimate we propose is based on the maximization of the posterior distribution of the change instants conditionally to the process parameter estimation. It is defined as a penalized contrast function with a first term related to the fit to the observation and a second term of penalization. In the case of joint segmentation the term of penalization is deduced from the prior law of the change instants. It is composed of parameters that guide the number and the position of the change and of parameters that will bring prior information on the mutual behavior of the processes. This work is applied to the estimation of the wind statistic parameters. The contrast function is deduced from the log-likelihood of circular Von Mises distribution for the wind direction and the log-normal distribution for the speed. The feasibility and the contribution of our method are shown on synthetic data

关键词： Bayesian methods Wind speed Statistics Performance analysis Random variables change detection algorithms Maximum likelihood detection Maximum likelihood estimation Maximum a posteriori estimation Monte Carlo methods

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Choosing wavelet pairs in supression of illumination variations for port surveillance

Choosing wavelet pairs in supression of illumination variati...

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International Symposium on Electronics in Marine (ELMAR)

作者： Igor Vujović Ivica Kuzmanić Slobodan M. Beroš Joško Šoda Maritime Faculty University of Split Split Croatia FESB University of Split Split Croatia

In order to implement visual surveillance system, many problems have to be considered. Paper deals with one of them, illumination variations. Illumination variations, in the stream, produce additive noise which could cause false motion detection. To overcome the problem, wavelet motion detection algorithm based on energy minimization has been considered. It is important to notice, in order to get an efficient algorithm, it is required to devise a method for choosing wavelets. The method covers correct detection and processing time.

关键词： Motion detection Lighting Surveillance Cameras Wavelet analysis Security change detection algorithms

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Fade-in and fade-out detection in video sequences using histograms

Fade-in and fade-out detection in video sequences using hist...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： W.A.C. Fernando C.N. Canagararajah D.R. Bull Image Communications Group Centre for Communications Research University of Bristol Bristol UK University of Bristol Bristol Bristol GB

There is an increased need to extract key information automatically from video for the purposes of indexing, fast retrieval, and scene analysis. To support this vision, reliable scene change detection algorithms must be developed. Several algorithms have been proposed for both sudden and gradual scene change detection in uncompressed and compressed video. In this paper we present an algorithm for fade-in and fade-out scene change detection in both uncompressed and compressed video sequences using histograms. We use the properties of the fading operation and extract these features in the luminance histogram. Results show that the proposed algorithm can be used in both uncompressed and compressed video to detect fade regions with a high reliability and less computations.

关键词： Video sequences Histograms Video compression Layout change detection algorithms Data mining Indexing Information retrieval Image analysis detection algorithms

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VSnakes with local affine deformations

VSnakes with local affine deformations

引用

IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Shijun Sun D.R. Haynor Yongmin Kim Image Computing Systems Laboratory Departments of Electrical Engineering Bioengineering and Radiology University of Washington Seattle WA USA

An algorithm is introduced for video object tracking and segmentation that automatically detects local deformations of a video object and adjusts the object contour to match the real object boundary without breaking the object into several pieces during tracking. An edge energy change ratio is defined for local deformation detection. The corresponding contour segment is then adjusted to the real object boundary based on a local affine correction. Incorporating this method into VSnakes, our general algorithm for video object tracking, resulted in improved performance.

关键词： Active contours Object segmentation change detection algorithms Object detection Video sequences Sun Laboratories Biomedical engineering Radiology Image segmentation

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Detecting sudden bladder pressure increases from the pelvic nerve afferent activity

Detecting sudden bladder pressure increases from the pelvic ...

引用

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： S. Jezernik T. Sinkjaer Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction University of Aalborg Denmark

When recording electrical signals from a whole nerve, an increase in the firing frequencies of the fibers contained in the nerve causes an increase in the rectified and time-averaged recorded signal. The latter thus represents superimposed neural activity and can be used for detecting changes in the recorded afferent and/or efferent nerve traffic. The possibility of detecting a fast bladder pressure increase from an increase in the recorded pelvic nerve afferent activity was investigated in this study. Two signal processing approaches were compared: simple discriminant-window thresholding and cumulative sum (CUSUM) algorithm. Both are shown to be able to detect a sudden rise in bladder pressure with the adaptive CUSUM-algorithm being more reliable, but slower.

关键词： Bladder Signal processing algorithms Nerve fibers Signal processing Frequency Electrodes change detection algorithms Spinal cord Catheters Band pass filters

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Corner-Based Feature for Object Recognition

Corner-Based Feature for Object Recognition

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International Symposium on Knowledge Acquisition and Modeling, KAM

作者： Jian Cao Kan Li Chunxiao Gao Qiongxin Liu Beijing Laboratory of Intelligent Information Technology School of Computer Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China

Feature extraction plays a very important role in object recognition and categorization. In this paper, we present a method for extracting corner-based feature from images. This feature is invariant to image scale and rotation, and is shown robust to addition of noise and changes in 3D viewpoint. This paper also describes an approach to using the feature for object recognition. As baselines for comparison, we implemented three additional recognition systems using signature, moment invariant and Fourier descriptor as features. They provide a good basis for judging the importance of representation in learning. The performance analysis on the obtained experimental results demonstrates that the proposed method is effective and efficient.

关键词： Object recognition Shape Feature extraction Airplanes Data mining Noise shaping Noise robustness change detection algorithms Clustering algorithms Detectors

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