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检索条件"主题词=Change Detection Algorithms"

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On detection of double talk and changes in the echo path using a Markov modulated channel model

On detection of double talk and changes in the echo path usi...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： C. Carlemalm A. Logothetis Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Melbourne Australia S3-Automatic Control Royal Institute of Technology Sweden

This paper addresses the problem of detection and discrimination of the two phenomena, double talk and echo path change, in a telephone channel. It is of uttermost importance to quickly detect a change in the echo path while not confusing it with double talk, since the echo canceller should react differently whether an echo path change or double talk has occurred. Novel algorithms of low complexity are proposed. The system is described with a Markov modulated finite impulse response (FIR) filter. Depending on whether double talk or an echo path change occurs different parameters in the channel model change abruptly. Based on model assumptions, maximum likelihood (ML) parameter estimates of the communication channel are obtained via recursive (off-line) or iterative (on-line) methods using the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. This enables us to use a hidden Markov model (HMM) state estimator to yield the minimum probability of error in identifying the state of the communication channel, i.e. the possible presence of double talk and/or echo path change. The proposed algorithms are experimentally verified using a real speech signal and impulse responses created from measured impulse responses from real hybrids.

关键词： Hidden Markov models Finite impulse response filter Maximum likelihood estimation Communication channels Telephony Echo cancellers change detection algorithms Maximum likelihood detection Parameter estimation Recursive estimation

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Global Mapping of Fire-affected Areas using Multitemporal MODIS Data: The MCD45 Product

Global Mapping of Fire-affected Areas using Multitemporal MO...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： D. Roy C. Justice L. Boschetti GIS Centre of Excellence South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA Department of Geography University of Maryland College Park MD USA

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A Mobile Robots PSO-based for Odor Source Localization in Dynamic Advection-Diffusion Environment

A Mobile Robots PSO-based for Odor Source Localization in Dy...

引用

2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems

作者： Wisnu Jatmiko Kosuke Sekiyama Toshio Fukuda Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering University of Nagoya Japan

This paper presents a problem of odor source localization in a dynamic environment, which means the odor distribution is changing over time. Odor source localization is an interesting application in dynamic problems. Modified particle swarm optimization is a well-known algorithm, which can continuously track a changing optimum over time. PSO can be improved or adapted by incorporating the change detection and responding mechanisms for solving dynamic problems. Charged PSO which is another extension of the PSO has also been applied to solve dynamic problems. We adopted two types of modified concepts of PSO for a new algorithm in order to control autonomous vehicles in more realistic environment where a speed limitation of the robot behavior and collision avoidance mechanism should be taken into consideration as well as the effect of noise and threshold value for the odor sensor response, also positioning error of GPS sensor of robot. Simulations illustrate that the new approach can solve such dynamic problems in advection-diffusion odor model environment

关键词： Mobile robots Vehicle dynamics change detection algorithms Robot sensing systems Particle swarm optimization Particle tracking Remotely operated vehicles Collision avoidance Working environment noise Error correction

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Extraction of Embedded Class Information from Universal Character Pattern

Extraction of Embedded Class Information from Universal Char...

引用

International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition

作者： S. Uchida M. Sakai M. Iwamura S. Omachi K. Kise Kyushu University Japan Osaka Prefecture University Japan University of Tohoku Japan

This paper is concerned with a universal pattern, which is defined as a character pattern designed to have high machine-readability. This universal pattern is a character pattern printed with stripes. The cross ratio calculated from the widths of the stripes represents the character class. Thus, if the boundaries of the stripes can be detected for measuring the widths, the class can be determined without ordinary recognition process. Furthermore, since the cross ratio is invariant to projective distortions, the correct class will be still determined under those distortions. This paper describes a practical scheme to recognize this universal pattern. The proposed scheme includes a novel algorithm to detect the stripe boundaries stably even from the universal pattern image contaminated by non-uniform lighting and noise. The algorithm is realized by a combination of a dynamic programming-based optimal boundary detection and a finite state automaton which represents the property of the universal pattern. Experimental results showed the proposed scheme could recognize 99.6% of the universal pattern images which underwent heavy projective distortions and non-uniform lighting.

关键词： Data mining Pattern recognition Gray-scale Character recognition Ubiquitous computing Cameras Optical character recognition software change detection algorithms Distortion measurement Pollution measurement

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An object-oriented shadow generation algorithm for real-time application

An object-oriented shadow generation algorithm for real-time...

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Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems (WORDS)

作者： T. Wang P.C.-Y. Sheu Soochan Hwang Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of California Irvine CA USA Department of Computer Engineering Hankuk Aviation University Koyang Kyunggi South Korea

Presents a fast shadow generation algorithm for a large number of convex polyhedra (objects) in a 3D scene based on the concept of characteristic views (CVs). The concept of CVs is that the infinite possible views of a 3D polyhedron can be grouped into a finite number of classes which have the same visible polygons from some reference points (i.e. viewpoints or point light sources). The space can be partitioned into subspaces in which all reference points have the same object ordering. Basically, object-precision hidden surface removal algorithms and object-precision shadow generation algorithms are the same except for the reference point. The shadow volume binary space partitioning (SVBSP) tree algorithm is known to be efficient in a static environment in which the point light source can be changed. However, if a scene consists of many objects and each object consists of many polygons, the time complexity for generating and traversing the SVBSP tree increases rapidly because the SVBSP tree algorithm deals with polygons which are components of objects. Furthermore, the SYBSP tree algorithm suffers from polygon-splitting problems resulting in a high cost as the number of polygons increases. Our approach is object-oriented in the sense that an object is used as the basic unit and polygons can be considered as components of the associated object. For all light source positions, the object ordering for shadow generation is determined at the preprocessing stage. At run-time, the shadow detection algorithm is executed and, if necessary, shadow fragments are generated.

关键词： Light sources Partitioning algorithms Application software Character generation Layout Computer graphics Data structures Costs detection algorithms change detection algorithms

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Scene break detection: a comparison

Scene break detection: a comparison

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International Workshop on Research Issues in Data Engineering

作者： G. Lupatini C. Saraceno R. Leonardi SCL-DEA University of Brescia Brescia Italy

The automatic organization of video databases according to the semantic content of data is a key aspect for efficient indexing and fast retrieval of audio-visual material. In order to generate indices that can be used to access a video database, a description of each video sequence is necessary. The identification of objects present in a frame and the track of their motion and interaction in space and time, is attractive but not yet very robust. For this reason, since the early 90's, attempts have been applied in trying to segment a video in shots. For each shot a representative frame of the shot, called k-frame, is usually chosen and the video can be analyzed through its k-frames. Even if abrupt scene changes are relatively easy to detect, it is more difficult to identify special effects, such as dissolve, that were operated in the editing stage to merge two shots. Unfortunately, these special effects are normally used to stress the importance of the scene change (from a content point of view), so they are extremely relevant, therefore they should not be missed. It is very important to determine precisely the beginning and the end of the transition in the case of dissolves and fades. In this work, two new parameters are proposed. These characterize the precision of boundaries of special effects when the scene change involves more than two frames. They are combined with the common recall and precision parameters. Three types of algorithms for cut detection are considered: histogram-based, motion-based and contour-based. These algorithms are tested and compared on several video sequences. Results show that the best performance is achieved by the global histogram-based method which uses color information.

关键词： Layout Video sequences change detection algorithms Audio databases Indexing Information retrieval Content based retrieval Tracking Robustness Gunshot detection systems

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Source detection Using Repetitive Structure

Source Detection Using Repetitive Structure

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： R.M. Parry I. Essa College of Computing / GVU Center Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

Blind source separation algorithms typically require that the number of sources are known in advance. However, it is often the case that the number of sources change over time and that the total number is not known. Existing source separation techniques require source number estimation methods to determine how many sources are active within the mixture signals. These methods typically operate on the covariance matrix of mixture recordings and require fewer active sources than mixtures. When sources do not overlap in the time-frequency domain, more sources than mixtures may be detected and then separated. However, separating more sources than mixtures when sources overlap in time and frequency poses a particularly difficult problem. This paper addresses the issue of source detection when more sources than sensors overlap in time and frequency. We show that repetitive structure in the form of time-time correlation matrices can reveal when each source is active

关键词： Blind source separation Signal processing algorithms Source separation Instruments Time frequency analysis Educational institutions change detection algorithms Covariance matrix Vectors Independent component analysis

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Adaptive asymptotic optimal algorithms for detecting signals in autoregressive noise

Adaptive asymptotic optimal algorithms for detecting signals...

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URSI International Symposium on Signals, Systems, and Electronics (ISSSE)

作者： B.B. Shishkov T.P. Georgiev S.N. Stoyanov Technical University of Sofia Sofia Bulgaria

Asymptotic optimal (AO) algorithms for detection of signals in additive autoregressive noise of order m (m-dependent Markov noise) are synthesized. The algorithms require the storage of m past data samples to achieve optimum performance. It is an AO memory discrete-time detector of a deterministic or quasideterministic signal in autoregressive noise. To assure the change of the detector's parameters as a result of learning the AO algorithm was modified to an adaptive one. Combining the AO algorithm with adaptation it is a powerful approach to overcome a priori uncertainty in information systems. The investigations are carried out by a common approach with many simulation results.

关键词： Adaptive signal detection Signal detection Adaptive algorithm Density functional theory Maximum likelihood detection Parametric statistics Convergence Equations change detection algorithms Maximum likelihood estimation

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Design of Ambulatory ECG Monitoring System to detect ST pattern change

Design of Ambulatory ECG Monitoring System to detect ST patt...

引用

SICE Annual Conference

作者： Gu-young Jeong Kee-ho Yu Division of Mechatronics Engineering Chonbuk National University of Korea Jeonju South Korea Division of Mechanical and AeroSpace System Engineering Chonbuk National University of Korea Jeonju South Korea

In this paper, we describe the hardware configuration for the ambulatory ECG monitoring device and the algorithm for detection of ST pattern change. The ambulatory ECG recording are available for diagnosis of the heart diseases such as myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, etc. It especially is important to detect the transient ECG pattern change caused by the unbalance between the oxygen supply and the oxygen demand in the cardiac muscle that is called myocardial ischemia. This is one of the reasons why the ambulatory ECG monitoring system is necessary. We designed the portable ECG measurement device with the analysis algorithm. The algorithm analyzes the ECG signal and detects the transient ST changes. The detection of QRS complex is accomplished using its the morphological characteristics such as the steep slope and high amplitude. The developed algorithm detects the ST level change, and then classify the ST shape type using the polynomial approximation. The algorithm finds the least squares curve for the data between S wave and T wave in ECG. This curve is used for the classification of the ST shapes. ST type is classified by calculating the difference between the reference ST type and the least square curve. Through the result from the developed algorithm, we can know when the ST level change occurs and what the ST shape type is. The portable ECG device consists of instrumentation amplifier, multiplexer, micro-controller, filter and transmitter module. The designed ECG device measures ECG with four electrodes on the body and transmits the measured ECG signal to the receiver connected in PC by digital radio way. The available range of wireless communication is 70 m in building and 300 m in open ground

关键词： Electrocardiography Monitoring change detection algorithms Algorithm design and analysis Shape Myocardium Least squares methods Hardware Cardiac disease Muscles

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Fast Reliable Multi-Scale Motion Region detection in Video Processing

Fast Reliable Multi-Scale Motion Region Detection in Video P...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Jiangbo Lu Gauthier Lafruit Francky Catthoor IMEC Multimedia Group Leuven Belgium Department of Electrical Engineering University of Leuven Belgium

Motion region detection is an important vision topic usually tackled by a background subtraction principle, which has some practical restrictions. We hence propose a multi-scale motion region detection technique that can fast and reliably segment foreground motion regions from two successive video frames. The key idea is to leverage multi-scale structural aggregation to effectively accentuate real motion changes while suppressing trivial noisy changes. Consequently, this technique can be effectively applied to motion region-of-interest (ROI) based video coding. Our experiments show that the proposed algorithm can reliably extract motion regions and is less sensitive to thresholds than single-scale methods. Compared with a H.264/AVC encoder, the proposed semantic video encoder achieves a bitrate saving ratio of up to 34% at the similar video quality, besides an overall speedup factor of 2.6 to 3.6. The motion-ROI detection can process a 352 × 288 size video at 20 fps on an Intel Pentium 4 processor.

关键词： Motion detection Image segmentation Video coding Noise level Signal processing algorithms Object detection Noise reduction Layout change detection algorithms Pixel

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