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30th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining

作者： Yeom, Kyuhwan Yang, Hyeongjun Park, Gayeon Jeon, Myeongheon Ko, Yunjeong Oh, Byungkook Lee, Kyong-Ho Yonsei Univ Comp Sci Seoul South Korea Yonsei Univ Artificial Intelligence Seoul South Korea Konkuk Univ Comp Sci & Engn Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9798400704901

Numerous large-scale knowledge graphs (KGs) fundamentally represent two-view KGs: an ontology-view KG with abstract classes in ontology and an instance-view KG with specific collections of entities instantiated from ontology classes. Two-view KG embedding aims to jointly learn continuous vector representations of entities and relations in the aforementioned two-view KGs. In essence, an ontology schema exhibits a tree-like structure guided by class hierarchies, which leads classes to form inheritance hierarchies. However, existing two-view KG embedding models neglect those hierarchies, which provides the necessity to reflect class inheritance. On the other hand, KG is constructed based on a pre-defined ontology schema that includes heterogeneous relations between classes. Furthermore, these relations are defined within the scope of those among classes since instances inherit all the properties of their corresponding classes, which reveals structural similarity between two multi-relational networks. Despite the consideration to bridge the gap among two-view KG representations, existing methods ignore the existence of structural similarity between twoview KGs. To address these issues, we propose a novel two-view KG embedding model, CISS, considering class inheritance and Structural Similarity between two-view KGs. To deal with class inheritance, we utilize class sets, each of which is composed of sibling classes, to learn fine-grained class representations. In addition, we configure virtual instance-view KG from clustered instances and compare subgraph representations of two-view KGs to enhance structural similarity between them. Experimental results show our superior performance compared to existing models.

关键词： Knowledge Graph Ontology class inheritance Structural Similarity

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Metrics for maintainability of class inheritance hierarchies

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JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE AND EVOLUTION-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2002年第3期14卷 147-160页

作者： Sheldon, FT Jerath, K Chung, H Washington State Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Software Engn Dependable Syst Lab Pullman WA 99164 USA

Since the proposal for the six object-oriented metrics by Chidamber and Kemerer (1994), several studies have been conducted to validate their metrics and have discovered some deficiencies. Consequently, many new metrics for object-oriented systems have been proposed. Among the various measurements of object-oriented characteristics, we focus on the metrics of class inheritance hierarchies in design and maintenance. As such, we propose two simple and heuristic metrics for the class inheritance hierarchy for the maintenance of object-oriented software. In this paper we investigate the work of Chidamber and Kemerer (1994) and Li (1998), and extend their work to apply specifically to the maintenance of a class inheritance hierarchy. In doing so, we suggest new metrics for understandability and modifiability of a class inheritance hierarchy. The main contribution here includes the various comparisons that we have made. We discuss the advantages over Chidamber and Kemerer's (1994) metrics and Henderson-Sellers's (1996) metrics in the context of maintaining class inheritance hierarchies. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

关键词： software metrics object-oriented class inheritance software maintenance

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Refactoring and representation independence for class hierarchies

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THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 2012年 433卷 60-97页

作者： Naumann, David A. Sampaio, Augusto Silva, Leila Stevens Inst Technol Hoboken NJ 07030 USA Univ Fed Pernambuco Recife PE Brazil Univ Fed Sergipe Aracaju Sergipe Brazil

Refactoring transformations are important for productivity and quality in software evolution. Modular reasoning about semantics preserving transformations is difficult even in typed class-based languages because transformations can change the internal representations for multiple interdependent classes and because encapsulation can be violated by pointers to mutable objects. In this paper, an existing theory of representation independence for a single class, based on a simple notion of ownership confinement, is generalized to a hierarchy of classes and used to prove refactoring rules that embody transformations of complete class trees. This allows us to formalize refactorings that inherently involve class inheritance, such as Pull Up or Push Down Field;moreover, this makes it possible to generalize refactorings previously restricted to change of data representation of private attributes (like Extract class and Encapsulate Field) to address data refinement of protected attributes, dealing with the impact that the corresponding transformations may cause in the subclasses. The utility of the proposed rules is shown in a relatively extensive case study. Shortcomings of the theory are described as a challenge to other approaches to heap encapsulation and relational reasoning for classes. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Refactoring Program transformation class inheritance Representation independence Semantics Verification

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Denotational semantics of an object-oriented programming language with explicit wrappers

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Formal Aspects of Computing 1993年第3期5卷 181-207页

作者： Hense, Andreas V. Lehrstuhl für Programmiersprachen und Übersetzerbau FB-14 Informatik Universität des Saarlandes Saarbrücken 11 6600 Germany

Object-oriented languages have traditionally been described by method-lookup-semantics. Their denotational semantics have appeared and matured only recently. Cook's wrapper semantics without state shows the essence of inheritance much clearer than method-lookup-semantics. In this article, we show how wrapper semantics can describe an object-oriented language with state while keeping its original clear structure. We then extend our object-oriented language by so called explicit wrappers. Wrappers that are used for the description of the semantics of an "ordinary" object-oriented language emerge from the semantics level and are included into the language itself. This unusual step is being justified by a greater reusability of code. With explicit wrappers and single inheritance, one variety of multiple inheritance can be expressed. © 1993 BCS.

关键词： class inheritance Denotational semantics Hierarchy inheritance Multiple inheritance Wrapper

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Xerox :: Interlisp :: 3102242 Loopsprimer Mar87

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2016年

Xerox :: Interlisp :: 3102242 Loopsprimer Mar87 by published by

关键词： active active values bank account browser class class browser class inheritance class lattice editing menu figure inheritance lattice instance instance variable instance variables interlisp loops loopsprimer mar87 menu method mouse button values variables xerox

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Research on the Modeling of PDM System Based on Object-oriented Technique

Research on the Modeling of PDM System Based on Object-orien...

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The 8th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design(第八届计算机支持的协同工作设计国际会议)(CSCWD2004)

作者： Buyun Sheng Jiangxia Yu Zhiyuan Ma Zude Zhou Digital Manufacturing Lab Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070HubeiChina

ISBN: (纸本)0780379411

The special requirements for the modeling of PDMsystem-extendible organization, modularized structureand cooperation between the front stage and the backstage are introduced. The objects PDM system refersto-products, projects, documents, personnel andworkflow, etc-and their attributes and functions areanalyzed. Based on Object-oriented technique, theattributes, data, processes and functions of these objectsare packed in the corresponding classes. Composed ofthese classes, the model of PDM system is set up. Withthe techniques of encapsulation and inheritance ofclasses, the requirements of modularization andextendibility are met; with the user interface and thecontrol of the workflow class, the cooperation betweenthe front stage and the back stage is also met.

关键词： object-oriented programming production management production engineering product design PDM system modeling object-oriented technique extendible organization modularized structure stage cooperation data processing class encapsulation class inheritance user interface workflow class control product data management

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Object-Relational Mapping Strategies revised-A comparison of Row-and Column-oriented Database Systems

Object-Relational Mapping Strategies revised-A comparison of...

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International Conference on challenges in IT, Engineering and Technology (ICCIET’2014, Phuket)

作者： Martin Lorenz Johannes Albrecht Hasso Plattner Institute

Relational databases do not provide a structural equivalent to class inheritance, a key feature in object-oriented programming languages. Research has proposed different strategies to map inheritance structures to flat relational tables. Each strategy results in distinctive characteristics regarding memory consumption and query performance. Industry and research have come up with best practices and application guidelines to chose the optimal strategy for a given application context and database workload respectively. However, these guidelines have manifested from experiences with row-oriented database systems. In this paper, we investigate the impact of column-oriented data lay- out on the characteristics of different mapping strategies. We introduce existing mapping strategies and discuss their suitability in the context of real-world database workloads, which have been reported by related literature. Following this discussion, we propose an adaptation of an existing mapping strategy. This adaptation, promises optimal performance based on the identified workload characteristics. Our proposal is evaluated by conducting an experiment, which compares row- vs. column- oriented data layout regarding memory consumption and query performance. The experiment has two findings. First, it shows that characteristics of mapping strategies behave different for row- and column-oriented data layout. Second, we see that the adaptation, proposed in this paper is superior to other strategies both in terms of memory consumption and query performance. Based on these findings, we reconsider existing ap- plication guidelines and best practices in the context of column-oriented databases.

关键词： Object-relational mapping relational databases class inheritance

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