Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to change the everyday life of its users by enabling data exchanges among pervasive things through the Internet. Such a broad aim, however, puts prohibitive constraints on applicat...
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Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to change the everyday life of its users by enabling data exchanges among pervasive things through the Internet. Such a broad aim, however, puts prohibitive constraints on applications demanding time-synchronized operation for the chronological ordering of information or synchronous execution of some tasks, since in general the networks are formed by entities of widely varying resources. On one hand, the existing contemporary solutions for time synchronization, such as Network Time Protocol, do not easily tailor to resource-constrained devices, and on the other, the available solutions for constrained systems do not extend well to heterogeneous deployments. In this article, the time synchronization problems for IoT deployments for applications requiring a coherent notion of time are studied. Detailed derivations of the clock model and various clock relation models are provided. The clock synchronization methods are also presented for different models, and their expected performance are derived and illustrated. A survey of time synchronization protocols is provided to aid the IoT practitioners to select appropriate components for a deployment. The clock discipline algorithms are presented in a tutorial format, while the time synchronization methods are summarized as a survey. Therefore, this paper is a holistic overview of the available time synchronization methods for IoT deployments.
A fundamental role in clock synchronization protocols is played by clock discipline algorithms, which achieve more accurate regulation of nodes clocks, by improving stability against timestamp errors, operating system...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538610664
A fundamental role in clock synchronization protocols is played by clock discipline algorithms, which achieve more accurate regulation of nodes clocks, by improving stability against timestamp errors, operating system latencies, and environmental phenomena like temperature variations. In this paper, the NN-CDA clockdiscipline algorithm, which relies on neural networks, was implemented and its performance assessed using experimental data acquired from a real testbed. Results highlight that NN-CDA offers many advantages over conventional approaches, like those relying on linear regression, the most important of which are higher robustness to temperature variations and better synchronization quality.
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