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CDM-based closed-loop transfer function design for ramp input

TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL 2011年第5期33卷 558-572页

作者： Haeri, Mohammad Tavazoei, Mohammad Saleh Sharif Univ Technol Adv Control Syst Lab Dept Elect Engn Tehran Iran

This paper presents a method to determine the denominator and numerator polynomials of a closed-loop transfer function in order to obtain desired transient and steady-state responses in terms of the overshoot, speed (time needed for the relative error to become less than a specific amount) and the steady-state error when the desired output is a ramp signal. Meanwhile, a controller is designed with the same characteristic equation for the closed-loop system to eliminate step and ramp disturbances.

关键词： closed-loop transfer function characteristic coefficient method ramp input

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Stability Domain Construction and Tuning for External loop Controller Parameters Based on Permanent Magnet Wind Power Generation Systems

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INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL ENERGY SYSTEMS 2025年第1期2025卷

作者： Liang, Hao He, Fei Zhang, Guangtao Qin, Chuan State Grid JiBei Elect Power Co Ltd Elect Power Res Inst Beijing 100045 Peoples R China Hohai Univ Sch Elect & Power Engn Nanjing 211100 Peoples R China

Based on the closed-loop frequency domain model of permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind power generation system (PMSG-WPGS), the stability domain of the control parameters is constructed through the D-partition method in this paper to acquire the range of machine-side converter (MSC) and grid-side converter (GSC) parameters. First, the basic stability domain of the controller parameters is established according to the control structure and transfer function of the back-to-back converter. Then, based on the frequency domain performance indexes, amplitude margin and phase angle margin, the obtained basic stability domain is adjusted to further gain the control parameter values that meet the frequency domain index. Furthermore, the rationality of the stability domain range is verified by drawing root locus curves of variable controller parameters on the machine side and grid side. Finally, the low-power scale experimental platform of PMSG-WPGS is built in the lab to validate the feasibility of the proposed stability domain construction method.

关键词： closed-loop transfer function controller parameters frequency domain performance permanent magnet wind power system stability domain

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Effect of Multiple Models of closed-loop transfer functions on Inter-harmonic Oscillation Characteristics of Grid-connected PMSG

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第5期10卷 1955-1964页

作者： Jingyi Li Jianjun Yang Xiaorong Xie Haozhi Li Ke Wang Zhaohui Shi Key Laboratory of Far-shore Wind Power Technology of Zhejiang Province Huadong Engineering Corporation LimitedPower ChinaHangzhou 310014China. State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment(Dept.of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University)Beijing 100084China.

Establishing a suitable closed-loop transfer function model for the grid-connected PMSG system is the key basis in performing inter-harmonic characteristics *** closed-loop transfer functions can be constructed when different components of the converter controller are taken into ***,the effect of different components of the converter controller on inter-harmonic stability analysis is not *** this paper,the complete transfer function,considering different loops,is first *** on the complete closed-loop transfer function,the DC-link,PLL and voltage forward-feed are removed step by step to derive different closed-loop transfer *** inter-harmonic related poles of different closed-loop transfer functions are further calculated to analyze the effect of closedloop transfer functions on inter-harmonic characteristics ***,by performing time domain simulation,the correctness of the theoretical analysis results is *** results show that under the conditions of a weak AC system,each loop of the converter control system will reduce the stability of the interharmonic in the sub-synchronous frequency range and influence the inter-harmonic oscillation *** transfer function needs to consider the influence of each loop to accurately calculate the inter-harmonic stability of the system.

关键词： closed-loop transfer function converter controller inter-harmonic characteristics PMSG

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Measurement Uncertainty Estimation of a Robust Photometer Circuit

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SENSORS 2009年第4期9卷 3149-3160页

作者： Hernandez, Wilmar de Vicente, Jesus Univ Politecn Madrid Dept Circuits & Syst EUIT Telecomun Madrid 28031 Spain Univ Politecn Madrid Dept Appl Phys ETSI Ind E-28006 Madrid Spain

In this paper the uncertainty of a robust photometer circuit (RPC) was estimated. Here, the RPC was considered as a measurement system, having input quantities that were inexactly known, and output quantities that consequently were also inexactly known. Input quantities represent information obtained from calibration certificates, specifications of manufacturers, and tabulated data. Output quantities describe the transfer function of the electrical part of the photodiode. Input quantities were the electronic components of the RPC, the parameters of the model of the photodiode and its sensitivity at 670 nm. The output quantities were the coefficients of both numerator and denominator of the closed-loop transfer function of the RPC. As an example, the gain and phase shift of the RPC versus frequency was evaluated from the transfer function, with their uncertainties and correlation coefficient. Results confirm the robustness of photodiode design.

关键词： Photometer circuit closed-loop transfer function input quantity uncertainty

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A Measurement-Based Approach for Speed Control of Induction Machines

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IEEE JOURNAL OF EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN POWER ELECTRONICS 2014年第2期2卷 308-318页

作者： Fnaiech, Mohamed Amine Khadraoui, Sofiane Nounou, Hazem N. Nounou, Mohamed N. Guzinski, Jaroslaw Abu-Rub, Haitham Datta, Aniruddha Bhattacharyya, Shankar P. Texas A&M Univ Qatar Dept Elect & Comp Engn Doha 23874 Qatar Texas A&M Univ Qatar Dept Chem Engn Doha 23874 Qatar Gdansk Univ Technol Fac Elect & Control Engn PL-80952 Gdansk Poland Texas A&M Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn College Stn TX 77843 USA

This paper presents an approach to design a measurement-based controller for induction machines. The proposed control approach is motivated by the fact that developing an appropriate mechanical model of such induction machines is a challenging task. Since our proposed control methodology is only on the basis of measured data, the controller design does not require any information about the model of the mechanical part. The control of motor drive is often based on sensorless field-oriented control techniques because of their advantages such as noise and cost reductions and high reliability. Hence, we assume here that measurements used for the controller design are collected using an estimator based on the electrical equations of the induction machine. A practical application to control the speed of an induction machine is presented to validate and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

关键词： closed-loop transfer function frequency response induction machine measurement-based control unknown linear time invariant systems unknown mechanical model

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Design and analysation of DC voltage synchronisation control for a VSC-MTDC based on virtual synchronous generator

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2020年第3期14卷 449-459页

作者： Cao, Xin Han, Minxiao Khan, Zmarrak Wali Zhang, Lidong North China Elect Power Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Beijing 102206 Peoples R China ABB Corp Res S-72178 Sweden Sweden

Voltage source converter (VSC)-based high-voltage dc (HVDC) transmission is widely utilised nowadays. However, a VSC-HVDC connected to a weak ac system still faces the problem of phase-locked loop (PLL) synchronisation. To tackle this problem, this study proposes a dc voltage synchronisation control (DCSC) based on the power synchronisation control and the power balance equation of the virtual synchronous generator. To analyse the dynamic stability of DCSC, voltage sensitivity indicator (VSI) is used to reflect the voltage fluctuations. Considering the deviations of dc voltage and converter losses, a closed-loop transfer function of dc voltage is designed. Three important parameters including VSI, virtual damping coefficient and inertia time constant are investigated. The dynamic stability analysis shows DCSC has strong controllability. Then, a three terminals VSC-MTDC model is simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC. Herein, DCSC is used in one inverter and PLL is used in another inverter. The waveforms obtained by using DCSC are compared with that by using PLL. Simulation results clearly depict that the inverter with DCSC has a normal steady state and a better transient response than using PLL when connected to a strong ac system, also provides better power transfer capability when connected to a weak ac system.

关键词： HVDC power transmission phase locked loops synchronisation power system stability HVDC power convertors voltage control synchronous generators transfer functions damping power grids invertors power transmission control closed loop systems voltage-source convertors ac systems VSC-HVDC weak ac system phase-locked loop synchronisation PLL synchronisation dc voltage synchronisation control DCSC power synchronisation control power balance equation virtual synchronous generator voltage sensitivity indicator voltage fluctuations closed-loop transfer function virtual damping coefficient inertia time strong controllability inverter strong ac system power transfer capability voltage source converter-based high-voltage dc fast power reversal individual control active power reactive power three terminals VSC-MTDC model

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Low order speed harmonic suppression in FOC-PMSM based on the closed-loop transfer mechanism of injected voltage

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JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND CONTROL 2024年第19-20期30卷 4525-4536页

作者： Wu, Zhaoqian Lin, Fuqing Liang, Qin Zhang, Shaohui Liang, Jinglun Dongguan Univ Technol Sch Mech Engn Dongguan Peoples R China Dongguan Univ Technol Sch Mech Engn 1 Daxue Rd Dongguan 523808 Peoples R China

In the field oriented control (FOC) permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo system, torque ripple impairs motor performance. Harmonic injection methods can suppress torque ripple by injecting additional voltage harmonic to offset the existing speed harmonic. However, since FOC is a closed-loop motion control strategy, the transfer path from injected voltage harmonic to speed harmonic is affected by FOC, especially in very low frequency. Due to the influence of FOC on the transfer function, the relation between the injected voltage harmonic and speed harmonic varies with operating conditions and motor control parameters. It causes the existing harmonic injection methods ineffective to suppress low order speed harmonics. To solve the problem, in this paper, the closed-loop transfer mechanism of injected voltage harmonics is analyzed and the closed-loop transfer function is derived. Based on the derived closed-loop transfer function, a low order speed harmonic suppression method is proposed. With the derived transfer function, the proposed method can adapt to the variations of the relation between low order injected voltage harmonic and speed harmonic under different operation conditions. Finally, the accuracy of the derived closed-loop transfer function and the effectiveness of the proposed low order speed harmonic suppression method are evaluated by experiment.

关键词： closed-loop transfer function field oriented control (FOC) low order speed harmonic permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) torque ripple

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An Iterative Filter for FLL-Assisted-PLL Carrier Tracking At Low C/N0 and High Dynamic Conditions

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 2022年第1期58卷 275-289页

作者： Yang, Rong Zhan, Xingqun Chen, Wantong Li, Yafeng Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Civil Aviat Univ China Tianjin Key Lab Adv Signal Proc Tianjin 300300 Peoples R China Beijing Informat Sci & Technol Univ Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

This article presents an iterative frequency lock loop (FLL)-assisted-phase lock loop (PLL) (FPLL) design in state space according to the minimum mean square error criterion. This is achieved by constructing a high fidelity carrier signal model with the consideration of the non-Gaussian nonwhite measurement noise characteristics. Two popular arctangent discriminators, e.g., two-quadrant (Atan) and four-quadrant (Atan2) are used to produce the PLL and FLL measurements for FPLL, respectively. The filter gain is selected to minimize the trace of the error covariance matrix and an iteration approach to quickly compute the steady-state filter gain is introduced. The nonlinearity in the discriminator and filter behaviors in FPLL at low C/N-0 and high dynamic conditions are investigated. The closed-form expressions of the closed-loop transfer function as well as error transfer function are clarified. The thermal noise induced tracking jitters on each carrier state, e.g., phase, doppler, and doppler rate, are derived, analyzed, and verified via Monte Carlo simulation, accordingly. The theoretical properties show that the iterative FPLL achieves the following. 1) The comparable tracking performance to the well-designed PLL-only. 2) The enhanced tracking accuracy over the well-designed FLL-only. 3) The improved tracking sensitivity over the conventional Kalman filter-based FPLL (KF-FPLL), at low C/N-0 condition and high dynamic conditions.

关键词： closed-loop transfer function error transfer function frequency lock loop (FLL) FLL-assisted-phase lock loop (PLL) Kalman filter tracking

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A Unified-Model-Based Analysis of MRAS for Online Rotor Time Constant Estimation in an Induction Motor Drive

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 2017年第6期64卷 4361-4371页

作者： Cao, Pengpeng Zhang, Xing Yang, Shuying Hefei Univ Technol Sch Elect Engn & Automat Hefei 230009 Peoples R China

Depending on the functional candidates, such as rotor flux, stator voltage, electromagnetic torque, and reactive power, various schemes based on a model reference adaptive system (MRAS) have been proposed to update rotor time constant. In this paper, a unified model for rotor time constant identification based on MRAS in an induction motor drive with indirect field-oriented control is developed. It is shown that kinds of MRAS-based models are of unity in essence and share a unified mathematical expression despite their different implementations, providing a new viewpoint to analyze the estimation models and supplying theoretical basis for evolutions and comparisons among them. Furthermore, to expand the effective range of the estimation model, stator frequency or q-axis stator current must be incorporated into the corresponding adaptive mechanism. From the closed-loop transfer function of the system, established in this paper, the properties of high nonlinearity and strong coupling behind the seemingly simple structure of these MRAS-based identification methods are exposed, paving a basis to improve the performance further. The validity of the proposed theory is verified by simulations and representative experimental results.

关键词： closed-loop transfer function induction motor (IM) model reference adaptive system (MRAS) rotor time constant unified model

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Analytical Prediction and Minimization of Deadtime-Related Harmonics in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 2021年第9期68卷 7736-7746页

作者： Wu, Zhaoqian Ding, Kang Yang, Zhijian He, Guolin South China Univ Technol Sch Mech & Automot Engn Guangzhou 510640 Peoples R China

The current, torque, and speed harmonics caused by deadtime effect in voltage source inverter (VSI)-fed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) usually lead to undesired torque ripple and extra electrical loss, etc. In this article, a mathematical model is proposed to predict the deadtime-related harmonics in VSI-fed field-oriented control PMSM, and a deadtime-related harmonic minimization method is proposed based on proportional-integral (PI) controllers tuning and under the premise of keeping the same control strategy. The expressions of current, torque, and speed harmonics caused by deadtime effects are obtained based on the complex amplitude expression of the voltage error harmonic and the derivation of the closed-loop transfer function from the deadtime-related voltage error to the d-q axis current. Based on the derived expressions, optimization objective functions are built to search the optimal PI parameters for minimizing deadtime-related harmonics and reducing the torque ripple. The optimization constraint functions can be adjusted for transient performance requirements, so the transient performance can keep good even if the deadtime-related harmonics are minimized with the optimal PI parameters. Both simulation analysis and experimental data verify the correctness of the analytical prediction and the validity of the deadtime-related harmonic minimization method.

关键词： Harmonic analysis Power harmonic filters transfer functions Torque Mathematical model Inverters Servomotors closed-loop transfer function current harmonic deadtime effect permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) torque ripple voltage source inverter (VSI)

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