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Periodic watermarking for copyright protection of large language models in cloud computing security

COMPUTER STANDARDS & INTERFACES 2025年 94卷

作者： Ye, Pei-Gen Li, Zhengdao Yang, Zuopeng Chen, Pengyu Zhang, Zhenxin Li, Ning Zheng, Jun Beijing Inst Technol Sch Cyberspace Sci & Technol Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Guangzhou Univ Sch Artificial Intelligence Guangzhou 510006 Peoples R China Xidian Univ Sch Cyber Engn Xian 710006 Peoples R China

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral in advancing content understanding and generation, leading to the proliferation of Embedding as a Service (EaaS) within cloud computing platforms. EaaS leverages LLMs to offer scalable, on-demand linguistic embeddings, enhancing various cloud-based applications. However, the proprietary nature of EaaS makes it a target for model extraction attacks, where the timing of such infringements often remains elusive. This paper introduces TimeMarker, a novel framework that enhances temporal traceability in cloud computing environments by embedding distinct watermarks at different sub- periods, marking the first attempt to identify the timing of model extraction attacks. TimeMarker employs an adaptive watermark strength method based on information entropy and frequency domain transformations to refine the detection accuracy of model extraction attacks within cloud infrastructures. The granularity of time frame identification for theft improves as more sub-periods are used. Furthermore, our approach investigates single sub-period theft and extends to multi-sub-period theft scenarios where attackers steal data across many sub-periods to train their models in cloud settings. Validated across five widely used datasets, TimeMarker is capable of detecting model extraction over various sub-periods and assessing its impact on the accuracy and robustness of large models deployed in the cloud. The results demonstrate that TimeMarker effectively identifies different periods of extraction attacks, enhancing EaaS security within cloud computing and extending traditional watermarking to offer copyright protection for LLMs.

关键词： Large language model Watermark technology Copyright protection cloud computing security

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Financial Data Sharing Based on cloud computing security: the Application and Effectiveness of Homomorphic Encryption Technology

Financial Data Sharing Based on Cloud Computing Security: th...

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IEEE International Conference on Big Data security on cloud (BigDatasecurity), High Performance and Smart computing (HPSC) and Intelligent Data and security (IDS)

作者： Ruiqi Rao Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Shanghai China

ISBN: (数字)9798331595104

ISBN: (纸本)9798331595111

With the deep penetration of cloud computing in the financial industry, the convergence amount of financial data in the cloud continues to climb, and the problem of data security has become a bottleneck restricting the development of the financial data sharing. Traditional security protection means, such as access control, data encryption and storage, etc., gradually expose their limitations in the face of increasingly complex network attacks and diversified data use scenarios, and homomorphic encryption technology arises at the historic moment. This paper constructs a financial data security sharing scheme including financial institutions, financial certification center, Credit Data Statistics Center and financial key management center. The scheme first encrypts customer credit data and uploads it, then computes the encrypted data, and finally returns the ciphertext result to be decrypted by financial institutions. It not only ensures data privacy, but also realizes data sharing, and provides practical methods for financial institutions to prevent non-performing loans. As standardization efforts progress and computational overheads diminish, homomorphic encryption is expected to underpin next-generation secure financial infrastructures, fostering innovation in personalized financial services and regulatory compliance frameworks.

关键词： Technological innovation Data privacy cloud computing security Standardization Homomorphic encryption Protection Optimization Next generation networking Financial services Faces

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cloud computing security and Challenges: Issues, Threats, and Solutions 5

Cloud Computing Security and Challenges: Issues, Threats, an...

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5th Conference on cloud and Internet of Things (CIoT)

作者： Alrasheed, Sadeem Hamad Alhariri, Majid Aied Adubaykhi, Sulaiman Abdulaziz El Khediri, Salim Qassim Univ Dept Informat Technol Coll Comp Buraydah Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665479646

cloud computing has become a point of interest to institutions, companies, and individuals because of the many advantages it provides, and its low-cost infrastructure, in addition to the ease of managing it and accessing it remotely anywhere there is an Internet connection that it has become a great innovation in the information technology. With the rapid evolution of cloud computing, information security concerns have emerged that hinder the evolution of cloud computing and need a solution, as security has become the main challenge of cloud computing. This paper will focus on cloud computing security, challenges, issues, threats, and solutions.

关键词： cloud computing security cloud computing management cloud computing implementation cybersecurity

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cloud computing security: Fine-grained analysis and security approaches

Cloud Computing Security: Fine-grained analysis and Security...

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3rd National security Days (JNS)

作者： Alfath, Abdeladim Baina, Karim Baina, Salah Mohamed V Souissi Univ ENSIAS Rabat Morocco

ISBN: (纸本)9781479903245

cloud computing is a new paradigm for hosting and delivering services over the internet. In this paper, we aim to pinpoint the challenges and issue related to the cloud computing security and also to discuss some promising approaches to encounter these concerns. Despite the potential benefits that cloud computing offers, the model security is not mature yet. Indeed. security is considered as the major obstacle to faster and more widespread adoption of cloud computing. In the scope of this paper, we will emphasize the impact of the cloud computing characteristics and properties such as Multitenancy and Elasticity on the security model. We will provide detailed analysis of the risks associated with these properties and also with the Virtualization which is a cornerstone of some cloud implementations. A second part of this paper will be dedicated to discuss some promising approaches to overcome the security issues in the cloud paradigm.

关键词： cloud computing Multitenancy Elasticity Virtualization cloud computing security cloud provider SaaS PaaS IaaS security Approaches Twin clouds Cipher cloud

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cloud computing security Case Studies and Research

Cloud Computing Security Case Studies and Research

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World Congress on Engineering (WCE 2013)

作者： Barron, Chimere Yu, Huiming Zhan, Justin N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ Dept Comp Sci Greensboro NC 27411 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9789881925282

cloud computing is an emerging technological paradigm that provides a flexible and scalable information technology infrastructure to enable business agility. There are different vulnerabilities in cloud computing and various threats to cloud computing. We have investigated several real-world cases where companies' cloud was infiltrated by attacks. In this paper several types of attacks are discussed, real-world cases are studied, and the solutions that providers developed are presented. Our current research will also be discussed.

关键词： cloud computing security real-world cases security case studies algorithms

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cloud computing security Analysis: Challenges and Possible Solutions

Cloud Computing Security Analysis: Challenges and Possible S...

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International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT)

作者： Prakash, Chandan Dasgupta, Surajit Jadavpur Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Kolkata India

ISBN: (纸本)9781467399395

cloud computing is a Service Delivery Mechanism. computing resources are delivered as a service over the network. These services are Scalable, Autonomous, and Cost effective in nature. cloud computing is responsible for the exponential growth of IT Industry. In spite of having so many advantages it has various security challenges that cannot be ignored. In order to make the cloud computing all the more secure and reliable some steps has to be taken against the threats of cloud computing model. In this paper all the threats related to cloud computing is discussed along with their possible solutions.

关键词： cloud computing security cloud Threats Challenges in cloud

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Emerging trends in cloud computing security: a bibliometric analyses

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IET SOFTWARE 2019年第3期13卷 223-231页

作者： Garg, Deepak Sidhu, Jagpreet Rani, Shalli Chitkara Univ Inst Engn & Technol Chandigarh 140401 Punjab India Jaypee Univ Informat Technol Waknaghat Himachal Prades India

cloud computing (CC) has gained popularity in industry and academia. CC is implemented by the industries on a large scale. Still, a lot of efforts in research for cloud computing are required. Improving security helps in abolishing the major problems of a domain. Therefore, research and development in security techniques are required. It is important to state the existing status of research. As publications are practically multiplying since 2008, a bibliometric analysis is a need of the hour. This study provides a comprehensive view of cloud security for a relevant time frame. Total 15,591 publications related to security of CC were investigated based on the Scopus database. This study analyses research publications on various parameters such as (i) publishing patterns (e.g. contributing authors, affiliations), (ii) analysis of common key terms, (iii) key term bunching to identify domain of interest, (iv) citation patterns, (v) publications medium, and (vi) researchers who aid in exploring research productivity in this specific domain. It analyses the literature based on the quantitative features and characteristics of cloud security based on meta-perspectives. The proposed analytical study will serve as an important tool for significant debate on future research schemas.

关键词： citation analysis cloud computing research and development security of data electronic publishing bibliometric analysis research productivity cloud computing security Scopus database research publications publishing patterns citation patterns publication medium

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Dynamical Propagation Model of Malware for cloud computing security

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IEEE ACCESS 2020年 8卷 20325-20333页

作者： Gan, Chenquan Feng, Qingdong Zhang, Xulong Zhang, Zufan Zhu, Qingyi Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Commun & Informat Engn Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China Shanxi Datong Univ Sch Comp & Network Engn Datong 037009 Peoples R China Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Cyber Secur & Informat Law Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China

cloud-fog-edge computing especially cloud computing is providing a variety of services in many areas around the world and plays a vital role in cyber-physical-social systems (CPSS). Particularly, virtualization is one of main enabling technologies of cloud computing and realizes the dynamic deployment of computing tasks through the migration of virtual machines (VMs), so how to secure the virtual environment in the cloud is very crucial. The purpose of this paper is to address the issue of malware propagation among VMs under the infrastructure as a service (IaaS) architecture. Firstly, a dynamical propagation model is proposed to explore the important factors affecting the spread of malware, especially the impact of installing antivirus software in VMs. On this basis, a theoretical analysis for this model is investigated by means of differential dynamics, from which it is able to understand the dissemination behavior of malware under an infected cloud environment. Finally, some numerical simulations are conducted to verify the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed model.

关键词： cloud computing security virtual environment malware propagation model dynamical behavior

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Addressing cloud computing security issues

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FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GRID computing AND ESCIENCE 2012年第3期28卷 583-592页

作者： Zissis, Dimitrios Lekkas, Dimitrios Univ Aegean Dept Product & Syst Design Engn Syros 84100 Greece

The recent emergence of cloud computing has drastically altered everyone's perception of infrastructure architectures, software delivery and development models. Projecting as an evolutionary step, following the transition from mainframe computers to client/server deployment models, cloud computing encompasses elements from grid computing, utility computing and autonomic computing, into an innovative deployment architecture. This rapid transition towards the clouds, has fuelled concerns on a critical issue for the success of information systems, communication and information security. From a security perspective, a number of unchartered risks and challenges have been introduced from this relocation to the clouds, deteriorating much of the effectiveness of traditional protection mechanisms. As a result the aim of this paper is twofold;firstly to evaluate cloud security by identifying unique security requirements and secondly to attempt to present a viable solution that eliminates these potential threats. This paper proposes introducing a Trusted Third Party, tasked with assuring specific security characteristics within a cloud environment. The proposed solution calls upon cryptography, specifically Public Key Infrastructure operating in concert with SSO and LDAP, to ensure the authentication, integrity and confidentiality of involved data and communications. The solution, presents a horizontal level of service, available to all implicated entities, that realizes a security mesh, within which essential trust is maintained. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： cloud computing security Trusted Third Party Public key infrastructure Information and communication security Trust

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A Systematic Literature Review on cloud computing security: Threats and Mitigation Strategies

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 57792-57807页

作者： Alouffi, Bader Hasnain, Muhammad Alharbi, Abdullah Alosaimi, Wael Alyami, Hashem Ayaz, Muhammad Taif Univ Coll Comp & Informat Technol Dept Comp Sci At Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia Monash Univ Malaysia Sch Informat Technol Subang Jaya 47500 Malaysia Taif Univ Coll Comp & Informat Technol Dept Informat Technol At Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia

cloud computing has become a widely exploited research area in academia and industry. cloud computing benefits both cloud services providers (CSPs) and consumers. The security challenges associated with cloud computing have been widely studied in the literature. This systematic literature review (SLR) is aimed to review the existing research studies on cloud computing security, threats, and challenges. This SLR examined the research studies published between 2010 and 2020 within the popular digital libraries. We selected 80 papers after a meticulous screening of published works to answer the proposed research questions. The outcomes of this SLR reported seven major security threats to cloud computing services. The results showed that data tampering and leakage were among the highly discussed topics in the chosen literature. Other identified security risks were associated with the data intrusion and data storage in the cloud computing environment. This SLR's results also indicated that consumers' data outsourcing remains a challenge for both CSPs and cloud users. Our survey paper identified the blockchain as a partnering technology to alleviate security concerns. The SLR findings reveal some suggestions to be carried out in future works to bring data confidentiality, data integrity, and availability.

关键词： cloud computing security Computational modeling Information technology Law cloud computing security Authentication Auditing cloud computing cloud models decryption encryption malicious behavior intrusion secured communication

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