Block matching has been used for motion estimation and motion compensation in the Au- dio and Video Standard (AVS) for years. While having an acceptable performance in describing mo- tion between frames, it requires q...
详细信息
Block matching has been used for motion estimation and motion compensation in the Au- dio and Video Standard (AVS) for years. While having an acceptable performance in describing mo- tion between frames, it requires quite a few bits to represent the motion vectors. In certain circum- stances, the use of global motion estimation and compensation would perform equally well or even better than the block matching in terms of motion accuracy, while it results in the coding of global motion model parameters. In this letter, we modify an AVS coder by adding (1) six global motion model parameters to the frame header, and (2) mode selection among INTRA, SKIP, INTER-16×16, INTER-16×8, INTER-8×16, INTER-8×8, and Global Motion Compensation (GMC) modes by La- grange optimal rate-distortion criteria. Simulation results demonstrate that over 0.1dB improvement in PSNR is obtained compared to the AVS coder for an average coded P-frame with the same bit- rate.
The performance analysis and simulation of coding schemes based on the modeling Ka band fixed satellite channel have been presented. The results indicate that concatenated codes with large inner interleaving depth ha...
详细信息
The performance analysis and simulation of coding schemes based on the modeling Ka band fixed satellite channel have been presented. The results indicate that concatenated codes with large inner interleaving depth have good performance and high spectrum efficiency. The studies also show that simple block interleaving is very effective in combating the slow frequency nonselective fading of Ka band.
This paper documents the process and outcome of the development and validation of a coding scheme to analyse mathematics classroom discourse in the context of Hong Kong primary schools. The objective of this coding sc...
详细信息
This paper documents the process and outcome of the development and validation of a coding scheme to analyse mathematics classroom discourse in the context of Hong Kong primary schools. The objective of this coding scheme was to systematically analyse teacher discourse behaviours before and after an intervention programme;the programme aimed to assist in-service teachers to develop conceptual and practical tools for engaging students in dialogical discourse in mathematics classrooms. This paper provides a detailed outline of what took place in designing and refining the coding scheme as well as improving its validity and reliability. The developed coding scheme can be effective for highlighting dialogic discourse, authority structures and student participation in mathematics classrooms and beyond. Consequently, it was possible to assess the efficacy of the teacher intervention programme. On the other hand, the developed coding scheme could be used to help teachers to gain a sense of efficacy over their instruction by giving them a roadmap for what they can do before and during instruction.
Speech act is an important means of transmitting and understanding intention in conversational interaction. In this paper, we outline the updated coding scheme for responses in terms of their lexico-grammatical forms ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781538656273
Speech act is an important means of transmitting and understanding intention in conversational interaction. In this paper, we outline the updated coding scheme for responses in terms of their lexico-grammatical forms and communicative functions toward question-response system in Chinese conversations. We obtained the distributional patterns of the responses based on 1171 conversations from 4 scenarios (15 domains) in corpus of DISCOURSE-CASS. In terms of response forms across 4 scenarios, phrases and words account for 65 similar to 88%;in terms of response functions, at least 35% responses are transformative responses or no answers. The results indicate that dominated syntactic form is minor phrase, and the intentions should be inferred from context including contextual prosody.
Usually, there are four different options when store and query the XML data: Firstly, use the file system;secondly, use relational database system;thirdly, use object-oriented database system;fourthly, establish a spe...
详细信息
Usually, there are four different options when store and query the XML data: Firstly, use the file system;secondly, use relational database system;thirdly, use object-oriented database system;fourthly, establish a special database system known as the native XML database system, such as Tamino, TextML. In order to effectively support the query, for the query in the structure of the XML, one method is establishing the path index of the XML documents tree, and speeding up the calculation capability to the query in the structure of the XML by the path index;another method is encoding the XML document tree nodes, that is, giving a unique code to each node of the XML document tree in order to directly identify the structural relationship in the nodes using the codes, rather than traverse the original XML documents. In other words, it is through coding to change calculations of the query in the structure of XML into calculations of the connection in it. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of [name organizer]
We explore the issue of the network energy efficiency in relay channels. We first propose a half-duplex decode-forward coding scheme. We then optimize the power allocation to minimize the total power consumption while...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781457704376
We explore the issue of the network energy efficiency in relay channels. We first propose a half-duplex decode-forward coding scheme. We then optimize the power allocation to minimize the total power consumption while maintaining a desired source rate. We show that this scheme significantly outperforms direct and two-hop transmissions. Moreover, it reduces the relay energy consumption by up to 7dB, which is beneficial for shared relay stations, and smooths out transmit power peaks, which simplifies interference management.
In contemporary organisations, managerial expertise is increasingly viewed as an ability to reflect on activities, processes and human relations within organisational life in order to gain a systemic understanding of ...
详细信息
In contemporary organisations, managerial expertise is increasingly viewed as an ability to reflect on activities, processes and human relations within organisational life in order to gain a systemic understanding of the workings of the organisation. This article examines the interactional practices of a consultant-led management training where steering groups of an organisation have a task of gaining such expertise. The article investigates how managerial expertise is constructed and negotiated in training interaction as the groups categorise their managerial actions through a specific coding scheme. The analysis shows that the use of the coding scheme is contingent on being able to display access to organisational processes and activities, connecting general managerial knowledge to specific, local knowledge of the organisation and moving from 'knowing-that' to 'knowing-how' type of knowledge.
We show in this paper the achievable improvement of the coding gain in the reverse link (air-to-ground) for the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System if the current forward error correction scheme based on...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781479989409
We show in this paper the achievable improvement of the coding gain in the reverse link (air-to-ground) for the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System if the current forward error correction scheme based on a concatenated Reed-olomon convolutional code is replaced by either a turbo code or a nonbinary low-density parity-check code for the smallest assignable data block. Additionally to improving the coding gain, the proposed coding schemes enable a fully iterative detection because of their soft-value decoding algorithms. This improves in general the detection process as a whole.
LT codes and our previous work on coding schemes have excellent performance in capacity achievability. However, the schemes ignore the relationships among different packets. In this paper, we present a coding scheme b...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781467390880
LT codes and our previous work on coding schemes have excellent performance in capacity achievability. However, the schemes ignore the relationships among different packets. In this paper, we present a coding scheme based on packet cycles. The scheme considers the relationships among packets and transmission efficiency, which is closer to the real communication situations. Simulations show that the scheme has good performance as our previous work.
暂无评论