Version 3 of the Read Codes was designed in response to a new set of requirements generated by three new terming initiatives in the UK, the Clinical Terms Project, the Professions Allied to Medicine Terms Project and ...
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Version 3 of the Read Codes was designed in response to a new set of requirements generated by three new terming initiatives in the UK, the Clinical Terms Project, the Professions Allied to Medicine Terms Project and the Nursing Terms Project. The challenge was to cope with the detail required by clinical specialists for maintaining a computerised record, to capture the natural language used by clinicians in their everyday work, and to support efficient analysis across medical records required to extract information from clinicians’ individual patient data. The structure of Version 3 allows a directed acyclic graph to replace the traditional hierarchy; permits multiple such graphs if necessary; introduces qualifiers, embedding these in an information model to support analysis; introduces one-to-many mapping to external classifications where this is necessary; and maintains the tradition of a dynamic terminology that stresses the inclusion of natural clinical terms.
This article describes some preliminary work done by the National Centre for Classification in Health (NCCH) in response to the recommendations of the General Practice coding Jury. Terms derived from two Australian ge...
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This article describes some preliminary work done by the National Centre for Classification in Health (NCCH) in response to the recommendations of the General Practice coding Jury. Terms derived from two Australian general practices, two coordinated care trials and the General Practice coding Jury were matched to the index of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM) to gauge the content coverage provided by the existing index. Results showed the percentage of good general practice (GP) term/ICD-10-AM Index term matches was 58%. The percentage of acceptable concept matches was 88%. It is concluded that this work provides a useful methodology, and that the ICD-10-AM index may support a level of concept matches, while it will require augmentation to support term matching.
The paper presents a brief review of the rail defect coding systems, which were recommended by the International Union of Railways during the period from 1959 to today. The recommended classification and numbering of ...
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The paper presents a brief review of the rail defect coding systems, which were recommended by the International Union of Railways during the period from 1959 to today. The recommended classification and numbering of RCF rail defects, defined in the document IRS 70712 from 2018, were critically analysed. In addition, harmonisation of European standards and IRS 70712 was found necessary by the authors. The paper points out that appropriate attention was paid neither to the combination of several types of RCF rail defects nor to the occurrence of these defects in the sensitive track zones such as switches, crossings, expansion joints, and insulated rail joints. Authors propose that Infrastructure Managers should supplement the Handbook of rail defects with RCF defects that occur on the railway network under their control. Moreover, the authors present the experience regarding RCF defects on the Serbian railway network.
This paper shows an estimate of the phenomenon of work electrical accidents, taking into account year, working activity, severity and company size. The handling of accident information is highlighted and the ESAW (Eur...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538639177
This paper shows an estimate of the phenomenon of work electrical accidents, taking into account year, working activity, severity and company size. The handling of accident information is highlighted and the ESAW (European Statistics on Accidents at Work) coding system is introduced. What we exactly mean with electrical accidents is focused, some critical issues in retrieving their data are discussed and some way to take into account all accidents with electrical origin are proposed.
The DRG system in Germany was introduced to improve and at the same time simplify the reimbursement of costs in German hospitals. Cost effectiveness and economic efficiency were the declared goals. Structural changes ...
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The DRG system in Germany was introduced to improve and at the same time simplify the reimbursement of costs in German hospitals. Cost effectiveness and economic efficiency were the declared goals. Structural changes and increased competition among different hospitals were the consequences. The effect on the qualitiy of patient care has been discussed with some concern. Furthermore, doubts have been expressed about the correct representation of the various diagnoses and treatments in the coding system and the financial revenue. Inguinal hernia repair serves as an example to illustrate some common problems with the reimbursement in the DRG system. Virtual patients were grouped using a “Web Grouper” and analysed using the cost accounting from the G-DRG-Browser of the InEK. Additionally, the reimbursement for ambulant hernia repair was estimated. The DRG coding did not differentiate the various operative procedures for inguinal hernia repair. They all generated the same revenues. For example, the increased costs for bilateral inguinal hernia repair are not represented in the payment. Furthermore, no difference is made between primary and recurrent inguinal hernia. In the case of a short-term hospital stay, part of the revenue is retained. In the case of ambulatory treatment of inguinal hernia, the reimbursement is by far not a real compensation for the actual costs. The ideal patient in the DRG system suffers from a primary inguinal hernia, undergoes an open hernia repair without mesh, and remains for 2-3 days in hospital. Minimally invasive procedures, repair of bilateral inguinal hernia and ambulant operation are by far less profitable - if at all. The current revenues for inguinal hernia repair require improvement and adjustment to reality in order to accomplish the goals which the DRG system in Germany aims at.
The concept of harnessing chaos using characteristic phenomena in nonlinear dynamics,has a high potential for technological applications,*** communication and logic operations,and so *** the process of harnessing chao...
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The concept of harnessing chaos using characteristic phenomena in nonlinear dynamics,has a high potential for technological applications,*** communication and logic operations,and so *** the process of harnessing chaos,exploiting the sensitive dependency on initial conditions realizes an efficient control with very small *** advantage of this property,a coding system has been proposed,where coding processes can be controlled by small input and noise is filtered out by inverse mapping of nonlinear transformation.
BackgroundIt can be challenging for support staff to develop meaningful moments of interaction with people with profound intellectual disabilities. Gathering information on observable behaviour characterising such mea...
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BackgroundIt can be challenging for support staff to develop meaningful moments of interaction with people with profound intellectual disabilities. Gathering information on observable behaviour characterising such meaningful moments is expected to be *** staff-client dyadic interactions were videotaped for 30 min. During reviewing the recording, staff members indicated which moments of interaction they experienced as meaningful. Per dyad, one meaningful moment was microanalytically coded via a developed coding system, and behaviourally *** coding system reliably coded behaviour at the micro level. Exploratory results indicated that looking, movement and touching were most shown, and that staff displayed this behaviour more frequently than their clients. Both exhibited behaviours substantially more often during meaningful moments than at their *** with profound intellectual disabilities are more engaged during meaningful moments of interaction compared to at their onset. In daily practice, cultivating circumstances increasing their involvement is important.
There are many variables within crisis situations that contribute to the outcome of the event. This research focused on the communication process during crisis situations. Verbal communication is one of the key behavi...
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The interactions between athletes, parents, and coaches outside of the immediate training and competition environments can shape sport participants' overall experiences. Accordingly, researchers have explored nove...
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The interactions between athletes, parents, and coaches outside of the immediate training and competition environments can shape sport participants' overall experiences. Accordingly, researchers have explored novel approaches that enable the investigation of experiences that occur beyond the sport activity itself. Technological innovations, combined with careful ethical considerations, have led to the development of research methods that can be used to assess participant conversations in their natural sport and social environments. This article introduces sport researchers to the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), an ambulatory ecological assessment method that provides access to daily social interactions among athletes, parents, and coaches within and beyond the immediate sport activity (e.g. commute to/from activity, locker rooms, hotels). The EAR software is embedded within a portable device (e.g. Android device) and is programmed to record brief segments of audio from participants' daily lives. In addition to discussing the utility of this approach for sport contexts, we introduce the Audio coding system for Social Environments in Sport (ACSSES), which was developed to assess the interactions captured from athletes' natural sport and social environments using the EAR. Evidence for the reliability and validity of the ACSSES, the associated coder training protocol, and proposed implications for research are discussed.
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