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coding systems AND CONTROLLED VOCABULARIES FOR HOSPITAL INFORMATION-systems

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIO-MEDICAL COMPUTING 1995年第1期39卷 93-98页

作者： MORI, AR Reparto Informatica Medica Istituto Tecnologie Biomediche Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche viale Marx 15 I-00156 Rome Italy

Modern healthcare information systems are requested to support an increasing interaction among professionals (inside and across the borders of the hospital) and a growing integration of specialised tasks (provision of care: reimbursement, document retrieval, optimisation of resource use, clinical audit, etc.). coding systems were conceived and optimised independently for various specific purposes, They are now facing each other and thus conflicting into this new environment;the solution will be in a more application-independent representation of concepts. Developments are going towards three complementary directions: (i) to separate different functions about the management of terms and concepts, and thus to produce more specialised software components;(ii) to develop a new class of software which is able to manage terminological diversity without imposing uniformity;and (iii) to enhance reusability of concepts, and facilitate a spontaneous convergence among controlled vocabularies.

关键词： coding systems CONTROLLED VOCABULARIES STANDARDIZATION NOMENCLATURES COMPUTER-BASED PATIENT RECORD CEN UMLS GALEN SNOMED

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coding systems and classifications in healthcare:: the link to the record

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS 1998年第1-3期48卷 103-109页

作者： Zanstra, PE Rector, AL Ceusters, W Robbé, PFD Univ Nijmegen Dept Med Informat & Epidemiol NL-6500 HB Nijmegen Netherlands Off Line Engn NV B-9520 Zonnegem Belgium Univ Manchester Dept Comp Sci Med Informat Grp Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England

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coding systems and classifications in healthcare:: the link to the record

Coding systems and classifications in healthcare:: the link ...

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Meeting on Standardisation in Health Informatics - Towards Global Consensus and Cooperation

In the paper peculiarities of the third phase of the introduction of information technology integrating a diversity of medical and administrative systems into one coherent interoperable environment are discussed. The importance of language problems during the medical information exchange is shown. The urgent needs are reflected in the many projects around the Computerized Medical Record projects for a unified medical language (GALEN, CANON, Convergent Terms project, etc.). The problems of developing terminology and classification systems related to electronic healthcare record are considered.

关键词： coding systems computerised medical record information technology

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Shared decision making coding systems: How do they compare in the oncology context?

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PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2010年第2期78卷 261-268页

作者： Butow, Phyllis Juraskova, Ilona Chang, Sarah Lopez, Anna-Lena Brown, Richard Bernhard, Jurg Univ Sydney Ctr Med Psychol & Evidence Based Decis Making Sch Psychol Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci New York NY 10021 USA Cornell Univ Weill Med Coll New York NY 10021 USA IBCSG Coordinating Ctr Bern Switzerland Univ Hosp Bern Inselspital Dept Med Oncol CH-3010 Bern Switzerland

Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate three coding systems which have been used to assess shared decision making in oncology consultations (OPTION, Decision Support Analysis Tool (DSAT) and Decision Analysis System for Oncology (DAS-O)): (i) comparing their ability to identify competencies of shared decision making, and (ii) determining their ability to predict patient outcomes in a single data set. Method: Twenty oncologists from Australia and New Zealand participated in the IBCSG Trial 33-03. The consultations of 55 women with early stage breast cancer were audio-taped, transcribed and then coded using the OPTION, DAS-O and DSAT coding systems by three different raters. Women completed the questionnaires 2 weeks and 4 months after their consultation. Results: DAS-O was strongly correlated with OPTION (r = 0.73). DSAT was moderately correlated with DAS-O and OPTION (r < 0.6). Decisional satisfaction and satisfaction with doctor SDM skills were significantly correlated with OPTION (r = 0.39 and 0.42 respectively) and the latter variable was correlated with DAS-O (r = 0.40). These relationships persisted in multiple linear regression analyses. Conclusions: OPTION may be the most efficient and sensitive coding system for research purposes;however, DSAT appeared to document behaviours reducing decisional conflict and both DSAT and DAS-O offer more detailed feedback to doctors. Practice implications: Optimal coding system will depend on research goals and training purposes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Shared decision making Oncology consultations coding systems Patient outcomes

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Achievable Rate Regions for Asynchronous Slepian-Wolf coding systems

Achievable Rate Regions for Asynchronous Slepian-Wolf Coding...

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IEEE Information Theory Workshop

作者： Matsuta, Tetsunao Uyematsu, Tomohiko Tokyo Inst Technol Dept Commun & Comp Engn Meguro Ku 2-12-1 Ookayama Tokyo 1528550 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781467378529

The Slepian-Wolf (SW) coding system is a source coding system with two encoders and a decoder, where these encoders independently encode input sequences emitted from two correlated sources into fixed-length codewords, and the decoder reconstructs all input sequences from the codewords. In this paper, we consider the situation in which the SW coding system is asynchronous, i.e., each encoder runs with each delay from the base time. We assume that these delays are unknown to encoders and a decoder, but the maximum of delays is known to encoders and the decoder. For this asynchronous SW coding system, we clarify the achievable rate region, where the achievable rate region is the set of rate pairs of encoders such that the decoding error probability vanishes as the block length tends to infinity. Furthermore, we show an exponential bound of the error probability for this coding system by using Gallager's random coding techniques.

关键词： Conferences Decoding Delays Encoding Error probability Yttrium Error probability ENCODER decoders Input sequence DEcoding Rare earths yttrium delay achievable rate region Asynchronous coding systems coding

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HIGH-PERFORMANCE coding systems FOR DIGITAL TRANSMISSION OF TV AND HDTV SIGNALS

HIGH-PERFORMANCE CODING SYSTEMS FOR DIGITAL TRANSMISSION OF ...

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INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING CONVENTION

作者： DUMENIL, P PERRON, C SCHWARTZ, P Thomson-CSF/LER France

ISBN: (纸本)0852965478

The studies performed in the framework of CMTT/2 for the transmission of 4:2:2 video signals through digital networks, have led to the definition of a bitrate reduction algorithm. In order to implement this videoalgorithm on a single board, a considerable effort has been made to develop an ASIC chipset, capable of processing 27 M samples per second (4:2:2 picture). For HDTV signals, the same technique can be used to provide a bitrate reduction from 1.152 Gbit/s to about 120 Mbit/s. This compression algorithm allows the transmission of one HDTV channel with audio and service channels on a 139.264 Mbit/s (or 2*34.368 Mbit/s) G703/G751 link or on an ATM network (155.5 Mbit/s). The authors describe the hardware implementation of the chipset in TV and HDTV codecs; emphasis is put to the features and performances of the equipment.

关键词： Digital transmission chip set Performance equipment Digital networks coding systems Compression algorithms Audio

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How we interact here and there? Analyzing verbal expressions in a virtual environment and in a face-to-face classroom with two different coding systems

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Revista de la Educacion Superior 2016年第179期45卷 95-110页

作者： Borgobello, Ana Sartori, Mariana Roselli, Néstor Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario Argentina

Given the incipient and fragmented nature of research into the use of information platforms, the study's aim was to analyze characteristics of sociocognitive interaction in a blended learning group, in both a virtual and a face-to-face classroom environment. Similar subjects and tasks were conducted in both settings. The study employed two different codification systems: one designed for analyzing traditional face-to-face interactions, and the other for mediated interactions. The results indicated a greater variety of interactions within the face-to-face setting than in the virtual one, among other findings. It was also easier to apply the face-to-face coding model for use in analyzing the virtual setting than the other way around. © 2016 Asociación Nacional de Universidades e Instituciones de Educación Superior A.C.

关键词： Blended learning coding systems Face-to-face classes Sociocognitive interaction Virtual environments

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The drawbridge of nature: Evolutionary complexification as a generation and novel interpretation of coding systems

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BIOsystems 2021年 207卷 104454页

作者： Igamberdiev, Abir U. Mem Univ Newfoundland Dept Biol St John NF A1B 3X9 Canada

The phenomenon of evolutionary complexification corresponds to the generation of new coding systems (defined as a codepoiesis by Marcello Barbieri). The whole process of generating novel coding statements that substantiate organizational complexification leads to an expansion of the system that incorporates externality to support newly generated complex structures. During complexifying evolution, the values are assigned to the previously unproven statements via their encoding by using new codes or rearranging the old ones. In this perspective, living systems during evolution continuously realize the proof of Go center dot del's theorem. In the real physical world, this realization is grounded in the irreversible reduction of the fundamental uncertainty appearing in the self-referential process of internal measurement performed by living systems. It leads to the formation of reflexive loops that establish novel interrelations between the biosystem and the external world and provide a possibility of active anticipatory transformation of externality. We propose a metamathematical framework that can ac-count for the underlying logic of codepoiesis, outline the basic principles of the generation of new coding sys-tems, and describe main codepoietic events in the course of progressive biological evolution. The evolutionary complexification is viewed as a metasystem transition that results in the increase of external work by the system based on the division of labor between its components.

关键词： coding systems Differentiation codes Evolutionary complexification Externality Heterotopy Major evolutionary transitions Metasystem transition Symbiogenesis

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A Study on the Integration of coding systems to Establish a Database of Clinical Data

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Chinese Medical Record English Edition 2013年第4期1卷 147-150页

To facilitate comprehensive and easy retrieval of clinical data, common coding systems which are currently in use, such as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC), the Systematized Nomenclature of Human and Veterinary Medicine (SNOMED), and the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC), were simply introduced and analyzed. The method and strategy used to establish a database of clinical data based on these coding systems were studied. Theprimary method was to choose useful codes of all coding systems to establish a code library, to prepare entry procedures and to input codes. The strategy was to start from a point and to make full use of the existing information systems, so as to gradually accumulate experience and reduce the workload. To establish a comprehensive database by using two coding systems for the terminology of human and veterinary medicine systems and the ICD, and to establish the database of clinical data, an MS SQL Server database and a C# program design language were introduced; the database mainly includes a code library, as well as the patient's basic information and clinical information, and can complete the entry of codes and realize the retrieval function, thereby achieving the purpose of conveniently and rapidly retrieving as much clinical data as possible.

关键词： Integrated coding coding systems Establish the database Clinical data Retrieve

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RATE-DISTORTION EVALUATION FOR TWO-LAYER coding systems

RATE-DISTORTION EVALUATION FOR TWO-LAYER CODING SYSTEMS

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Philippe Hanhart Touradj Ebrahimi Multimedia Signal Processing Group EPFL

ISBN: (纸本)9781479983407

The Bjontegaard model is widely used to calculate the compression efficiency between different codecs. However, this model is not sufficient to investigate the impact on quality of the interaction of the base and enhancement layer bit rates when comparing two-layer coding systems. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an extension of the Bjontegaard model from rate-distortion (R-D) curve fitting to rate-rate-distortion (R~2-D) surface fitting. The proposed model uses a cubic surface as fitting function and a more complex characterization of the domain formed by the data points to compute a more realistic estimate of compression efficiency. The proposed model can be used to measure the compression efficiency of two-layer coding systems, as well as for other applications, e.g., to optimize the bit rate allocation between texture and depth in 3D video coding. Two examples of assessment of compression efficiency in JPEG XT are presented as illustrations.

关键词： Two-layer coding Compression efficiency coding efficiency Rate-distortion optimization Bit rate allocation PSNR Bjontegaard delta BD-PSNR Peak signal-to-noise ratio COMPRESSION EFFICIENCY Rate distortion coding systems TWO-LAYER Bit rate ILLUSTRATIONS

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