In this study, the authors investigate the use of multi-scale recurrent pattern matching paradigm for lossless image compression. The multi-scale multidimensional parser (MMP) algorithm is a successful implementation ...
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In this study, the authors investigate the use of multi-scale recurrent pattern matching paradigm for lossless image compression. The multi-scale multidimensional parser (MMP) algorithm is a successful implementation of this paradigm for lossy image compression, and can naturally perform lossless compression since it was first derived from a Lempel-Ziv lossless scheme. However, neither its recently adopted coding tools had been adapted for lossless coding nor a thorough analysis of its performance had been carried out. In this work, the authors evaluate MMP's lossless compression capability, proposing modifications for some of its predictions modes, as well as the inclusion of an adaptive prediction mode based on least squares. The residual information is also coded with well-known techniques used in lossless compression. Experimental results for MMP show that the algorithm achieves a good performance for images such as computed generated graphics and scanned documents, whereas keeping a competitive performance for natural images. Since the algorithm's structure is exactly the same for lossless and lossy compression, the obtained results suggest that MMP is able to achieve a high compression performance for a wide range of images and rates, from lossy to lossless, without any prior analysis of the image to be coded.
Objective: The paper presents the development of a coding tool for self-efficacy orientated interventions in diabetes self-management programmes (Analysis System for Self-Efficacy Training, ASSET) and explores its con...
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Objective: The paper presents the development of a coding tool for self-efficacy orientated interventions in diabetes self-management programmes (Analysis System for Self-Efficacy Training, ASSET) and explores its construct validity and clinical utility. Methods: Based on four sources of self-efficacy (i.e., mastery experience, role modelling, verbal persuasion and physiological and affective states), published self-efficacy based interventions for diabetes care were analysed in order to identify specific verbal behavioural techniques. Video-recorded facilitating behaviours were evaluated using ASSET. Results: The reliability between four coders was high (K = 0.71). ASSET enabled assessment of both self-efficacy based techniques and participants' response to those techniques. Individual patterns of delivery and shifts over time across facilitators were found. In the presented intervention we observed that self-efficacy utterances were followed by longer patient verbal responses than non-self-efficacy utterances. Conclusion: These detailed analyses with ASSET provide rich data and give the researcher an insight into the underlying mechanism of the intervention process. Practice implications: By providing a detailed description of self-efficacy strategies ASSET can be used by health care professionals to guide reflective practice and support training programmes. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Since early 2006, Joint Video Team has been devoting on the development of Multiview Video coding (MVC) standard as an extension of H.264/AVC. This MVC standard has been finalized in 2008. During the standardization o...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424445936
Since early 2006, Joint Video Team has been devoting on the development of Multiview Video coding (MVC) standard as an extension of H.264/AVC. This MVC standard has been finalized in 2008. During the standardization of MVC, there was also a project namely Joint Multiview Video Model (JMVM), which focused on the advanced coding tools that are potentially useful. Those coding tools adopted into JMVM, including illumination compensation and motion skip, have not been added into MVC specification. In this paper, coding techniques in MVC as well as the tools in JMVM are described and discussed, focusing on the coding efficiency.
Multimedia devices are now required to support multiple coding standards. Supporting seamlessly both interoperability between standards and flexibility for application specific optimizations is a great challenge for c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424429233
Multimedia devices are now required to support multiple coding standards. Supporting seamlessly both interoperability between standards and flexibility for application specific optimizations is a great challenge for current video coding technology. After a brief description of the new MPEG Reconfigurable Video coding (RVC) framework, this paper describes possible decoder reconfigurations within this framework. The essential idea behind this framework is to reuse as most as possible the algorithms or architectures which are common to several different standards and to reconfigure video decoders in a flexible way at the coding tool level. A coding tool is an encapsulated piece of algorithm. Reconfiguration can address specific optimization objectives such as improvement in colour reproduction or higher performance at high bitrate. These simple examples show that the tool level definition of the video tool library is flexible enough to support the incremental introduction of new coding algorithms, the usage of algorithms taken from different video standards (i.e. AVS is provided in one example), and the possibility of high level reconfigurations. Thus, this paper demonstrates that the RVC framework offers a great flexibility in selecting coding tools for decoder reconfigurations to satisfy a wide variety of different applications.
This study examined kindergarten teacher students' images of teacher, of children, and kindergarten at the beginning of kindergarten teacher education in 1992, 2008, 2013, and 2017. Theoretical examination of imag...
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This study examined kindergarten teacher students' images of teacher, of children, and kindergarten at the beginning of kindergarten teacher education in 1992, 2008, 2013, and 2017. Theoretical examination of images and studies of teachers' images formed the basis of this study. 156 students participated in the study voluntarily. Data was collected through drawings and open-ended questions. The analysis was performed by content analysis. The coding tool developed for this purpose was used as an aid. The teacher students' images of themselves as teachers and of children were mainly similar and emphasized teachers' and children's social and emotional qualities. Students had traditional and stereotypical images of the qualities of teachers, children, and kindergarten. Differences between groups emerged in the children students wanted to work with, in pedagogy and the physical environment. The teacher educators should encourage students to critically examine their traditional and stereotypical images in different phases of their studies.
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