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Digital parity and the composition of the nucleotide alphabet

IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE 2006年第1期25卷 54-61页

作者： Mac Dónaill, DA Univ Dublin Trinity Coll Sch Chem Dublin 2 Ireland

In retrospect, a potential role for error coding in shaping the nucleotide alphabet seems obvious, and yet, with two notable exceptions, it appears to have been largely ignored; Szathmary recognized in his paper the relationship between donor-acceptor (D/A) patterns and replication errors (1992), while Yockey implicitly implied a role for error coding in nucleotide transmission, assigning 5-b representations to nucleotides (1992). Unfortunately, these assignments had no physicochemical basis, being based on mapping the natural alphabet to a code employed in an error-coding text. The model outlined in this paper melds these approaches, embracing a role for error coding, but one based on hydrogen/lone-pair patterns. The attraction of the error-coding description is that it offers a strikingly simple explanation of nature\'s choice of alphabet from among the set of potential nucleotides; optimal alphabets correspond to those in which the purine/pyrimidine feature relates to the D/A pattern as a parity bit. When this error-coding approach is coupled with chemical constraints, the natural alphabet of A, C, G, and T emerges as the optimal solution for nucleotides.

关键词： DNA biochemistry coding errors molecular biophysics physical chemistry 5-b nucleotide representations digital parity donor-acceptor patterns error coding hydrogen/lone-pair patterns nucleotide alphabet nucleotide transmission physicochemistry purine pyri

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Frame loss error concealment for SVC

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第5期7卷 677-683页

作者： PANDIT Purvin BOYCE Jill THOMSON Corporate Research Princeton NJ 08540 USA

Scalable video coding (SVC), as the Scalable Extension of H.264/AVC, is an ongoing international video coding standard designed for network adaptive or device adaptive applications and also offers high coding efficiency. However, packet losses often occur over unreliable networks even for base layer of SVC and have severe impact on the playback quality of compressed video. Until now, no literature has discussed error concealment support for standard SVC bit-stream. In this paper, we provide robust and effective error concealment techniques for SVC with spatial scalability. Experimental results showed that the proposed methods provide substantial improvement, both subjectively and objectively, without a significant complexity overhead.

关键词： Adaptive systems coding errors Computer networks Image compression Robustness (control systems) Standards

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DC-balanced block inversion coding for high-speed links

DC-balanced block inversion coding for high-speed links

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作者： Sim, Jae-Yoon Department of Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Hyoja-Dong San 31 Pohang Kyungbuk 790-784 Korea Republic of

A new 4B5B block inversion coding is proposed for dc-balanced transmission in high-speed optical parallel links. An 8-bit byte is partitioned into two 4-bit data and converted to two 5-bit blocks by an inversion encoding. The proposed coding greatly reduces circuit complexity with the minimum latency overhead of one clock for the encoder and none for the decoder. The maximum run length is 11. Copyright © 2006 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.

关键词： coding errors

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Modular verification of code with SAT 06

Modular verification of code with SAT

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2006 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis, ISSTA 2006

作者： Dennis, Greg Chang, Felix Sheng-Ho Jackson, Daniel Massachusetts Institute of Technology Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Cambridge MA 02139 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1595932631

An approach is described for checking the methods of a class against a full specification. It shares with traditional model checking the idea of exhausting the entire space of executions within some finite bounds, and with traditional verification the idea of modular analysis, in which a method is analyzed, in isolation, for all possible calling contexts. The analysis involves an automatic two-phase reduction: first, to an intermediate form in relational logic (using a new encoding described here), and second, to a boolean formula (using existing techniques), which is then handed to an off-the-shelf SAT solver. A variety of implementations of the Java Collections Framework's List interface were checked against existing JML specifications. The analysis revealed bugs in the implementations, as well as errors in the specifications themselves. Copyright 2006 ACM.

关键词： coding errors

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Complex m-spotty byte error control codes

Complex m-spotty byte error control codes

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作者： Suzuki, Kazuyoshi Kashiyama, Toshihiko Fujiwara, Eiji Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8552 Japan

Spotty byte error control codes are very effective for correcting / detecting errors in semiconductor memory systems using recent high-density RAM chips with wide I/O data, e.g., 8, 16, or 32 bits. A spotty byte error is defined as t-bit errors within a byte of length b-bit, where 1 ≤ t ≤ b, and denoted as t/b-error. This paper proposes a new error model of two spotty byte errors occurring simultaneously, i.e., t/b-error and t′/b- error, where t ≠ t′, called complex spotty byte errors. This paper presents two complex m-spotty byte error control codes, i.e., S(t)/(b)EC-(S(t)/(b)+S(t′)/(b))ED codes which correct all single t/b-errors and detect both t/b-errors and t′/b-errors simultaneously, and (S(t)/(b)+S(t′)/(b))EC codes which correct both single t/b-errors and single t′/b-errors simultaneously. This paper also presents practical examples of the codes with parameter t′ = 1, that is, S(t)/(b)EC-(S(t)/(b) +S)ED codes and (S(t)/(b)+S) EC codes which require smaller check-bit length than the existing Single t/b-error Correcting and Double t/b-error Detecting (S(t)/(b)EC-D(t)/(b)ED) codes and the Double t/b-error Correcting (D(t)/(b)EC) codes, respectively. Copyright © 2006 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.

关键词： coding errors

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A fully automated environment for verification of virtual prototypes

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EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING 2006年第1期2006卷 032408-032408页

作者： Belanovic, P. Knerr, B. Holzer, M. Rupp, M. Vienna Univ Technol Inst Commun & Radio Frequency Engn A-1040 Vienna Austria

The extremely dynamic and competitive nature of the wireless communication systems market demands ever shorter times to market for new products. Virtual prototyping has emerged as one of the most promising techniques to offer the required time savings and resulting increases in design efficiency. A fully automated environment for development of virtual prototypes is presented here, offering maximal efficiency gains, and supporting both design and verification flows, from the algorithmic model to the virtual prototype. The environment employs automated verification pattern refinement to achieve increased reuse in the design process, as well as increased quality by reducing human coding errors.

关键词： maximum efficiency PROTOTYPE Environments Automation design process Virtual prototyping Virtual DESIGN EFFICIENCY Wireless communication systems coding errors Verification

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New error concealment method based on H.264 intra-coded frame

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Beijing Youdian Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications 2006年第1期29卷 119-123页

作者： Ma, Yu-Feng Cai, An-Ni School of Telecommunication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China

Some new features are introduced in H.264, such as variable-size block motion compensation, prediction in Intra-coded frame etc. A novel error concealment method based on Intra-coded frame was proposed it uses the prediction mode of the surrounding sub-blocks to infer the prediction mode of the missing block. The missing block was reconstructed with the inferred prediction mode. Experiments show that the prediction mode of the missing block can be well recovered with the proposed method and good results can be achieved in images of various content types.

关键词： coding errors

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MODEL-BASED BIT ALLOCATION BETWEENWAVELET SUBBANDS AND MOTION INFORMATION IN MCWT VIDEO CODERS

MODEL-BASED BIT ALLOCATION BETWEENWAVELET SUBBANDS AND MOTIO...

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European Signal Processing Conference

作者： Marie Andree Agostini Marc Antonini Michel Barlaud CReATIVe Research Group -

A precise motion estimation is necessary, in motion-compensated wavelet based video coders (MCWT), in order to minimize the wavelet coefficients energy. Nevertheless, a motion vectors field of high precision is expensive in binary resources compared to wavelet subbands and it is thus necessary to optimize the rate-distortion trade-off between motion information and wavelet coefficients. To this end, we have proposed in previous works to quantize the motion vectors using a scalable and open-loop lossy coder [1] and, to evaluate the impact of this lossy motion coding on the decoded sequence, we have established a theoretical distortion model of the motion coding error [2]. We present in this paper an approach to realize an optimal model-based bit-rate allocation between motion and wavelet subbands. This method is based on the total distortion model of coding error on several decomposition levels, including both motion information and subbands quantization noise. Experimental validations are satisfactory.

关键词： coding errors motion vector Wavelet coefficients wavelets Subbands information motion estimation Necessary Scalability

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Fractal codig based image retrieval with histogram of collage error

Fractal codig based image retrieval with histogram of collag...

引用

IEEE International Workshop on VLSI Design and Video Technology

作者： Xu, Y Wang, JJ Soochow Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Suzhou 215021 Jiangsu Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0780390059

Collage error is a quantitative measure of the similarity between range block and "best-match" domain block. However, it was neglected in many fractal-based image retrieval techniques. In this paper, a new fractal coding based indexing technique with histogram of collage errors is proposed. Experimental results on a database of more than 200 texture images show that the proposed method not only reduces computational complexities, but also enhances the retrieval accuracy.

关键词： coding errors

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On adaptive threshold adjustment with error rate constraints for adaptive modulation and coding systems with hybrid ARQ

On adaptive threshold adjustment with error rate constraints...

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2005 Fifth International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing

作者： Su, Hsuan-Jung Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0780392833

Contrary to real-time services, for data-centric services that are tolerant of latency, transmission with modulation and coding rates selected according to the instantaneous channel condition can increase the system throughput. Nonetheless, the switching thresholds for using different modulation and coding schemes (MCS) highly depend on the channel and system characteristics, and are usually difficult to be determined offline. In this paper, we revisit the adaptive threshold adjustment algorithms proposed previously for adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) systems. By providing an analysis that further considers Hybrid ARQ and the channel statistics, we show that the error rate conditions these algorithms use to adjust the thresholds do not necessarily reflect the actual error rates (and throughput) achieved by the MCSs. For systems or applications that have requirements on the error rates, this property is undesirable. In order to offer precise control of the error rates and guarantee that the system meets the desired performance, further conditions and modifications are derived. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： coding errors

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