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ANNUAL REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY 2025年第1期76卷 167-195页

作者： Badre, David Brown Univ Dept Cognit & Psychol Sci Providence RI 02912 USA Brown Univ Carney Inst Brain Sci Providence RI 02912 USA

Humans and other primates have a remarkable ability to perform a wide range of tasks and behaviors, even novel ones, in order to achieve their goals. Further, they are able to shift flexibly among these behaviors as the contexts demand. cognitive control is the function at the base of this remarkable behavioral generativity and flexibility. The present review provides a survey of current research on cognitive control focusing on two of its primary features within a control systems framework: (a) the ability to select new behaviors based on context and (b) the ability to monitor ongoing behavior and adjust accordingly. Throughout, the review places an emphasis on how differences in the content and structure of task representations affect these core features of cognitive control.

关键词： cognitive control executive function cognitive representation behavioral flexibility performance monitoring learning generalization

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cognitive control

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2012年第12期100卷 3156-3169页

作者： Haykin, Simon Fatemi, Mehdi Setoodeh, Peyman Xue, Yanbo McMaster Univ Cognit Syst Lab Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada

This paper is inspired by how cognitive control manifests itself in the human brain and does so in a remarkable way. It addresses the many facets involved in the control of directed information flow in a dynamic system, culminating in the notion of information gap, defined as the difference between relevant information (useful part of what is extracted from the incoming measurements) and sufficient information representing the information needed for achieving minimal risk. The notion of information gap leads naturally to how cognitive control can itself be defined. Then, another important idea is described, namely the two-state model, in which one is the system's state and the other is the entropic state that provides an essential metric for quantifying the information gap. The entropic state is computed in the perceptual part (i.e., perceptor) of the dynamic system and sent to the controller directly as feedback information. This feedback information provides the cognitive controller the information needed about the environment and the system to bring reinforcement leaning into play;reinforcement learning (RL), incorporating planning as an integral part, is at the very heart of cognitive control. The stage is now set for a computational experiment, involving cognitive radar wherein the cognitive controller is enabled to control the receiver via the environment. The experiment demonstrates how RL provides the mechanism for improved utilization of computational resources, and yet is able to deliver good performance through the use of planning. The paper finishes with concluding remarks.

关键词： cognitive control cognitive dynamic systems (CDSs) cybernetics entropic state information gap planning reinforcement learning (RL) two-state model

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cognitive control & the anterior cingulate cortex: Necessity & coherence

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CORTEX 2025年 182卷 87-99页

作者： Cipolotti, Lisa Mole, Joe Ruffle, James K. Nelson, Amy Gray, Robert Nachev, Parashkev Natl Hosp Neurol & Neurosurg Dept Neuropsychol Queen Sq London WC1N 3BG England UCL Inst Neurol London England Natl Hosp Neurol & Neurosurg Lysholm Dept Neuroradiol London England

Influential theories of complex behaviour invoke the notion of cognitive control modulated by conflict between counterfactual actions. Medial frontal cortex, notably the anterior cingulate cortex, has been variously posited as critical to such conflict detection, resolution, or monitoring, largely based on correlative data from functional imaging. Examining performance on the most widely used "conflict" taskdStroopdin a large cohort of patients with focal brain injury (N 1 / 4 176), we compare anatomical patterns of lesion-inferred neural substrate dependence to those derived from functional imaging, meta-analytically summarised. Our results show that whereas performance is sensitive to the integrity of left lateral frontal regions implicated by functional imaging, it does not depend on medial frontal cortex, despite sampling adequate to reveal robust medial effects in the context of phonemic fluency. We suggest that medial frontal cortex is not critically invoked by Stroop and proceed to review the conceptual grounds for rejecting the core notion of conflict- driven cognitive control. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://***/licenses/by/4.0/).

关键词： cognitive control Conflict detection Stroop Executive functions Network lesion-deficit mapping Conceptual analysis Anterior cingulate cortex

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cognitive control in individuals with heroin use disorder after prolonged methadone maintenance treatment

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BMC PSYCHIATRY 2025年第1期25卷 1-13页

作者： Zhao, Wei Duan, Fan Li, Xiangyu Li, Junda Xia, Lingling Ren, Zixuan Li, Yegang Song, Li Song, Peipei Mu, Linlin Wang, Lijin Zhang, Jing Song, Xun Wang, Ze Chen, Jinxuan Zhang, Xiaochu Jiao, Dongliang Bengbu Med Univ Sch Mental Hlth Bengbu 233030 Anhui Peoples R China Fourth Peoples Hosp Bengbu City Bengbu 233030 Anhui Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr Sch Med 600 Wan Ping Nan Rd Shanghai Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Chinese Acad Sci CAS Sch Life Sci Key Lab Brain Funct & Dis Hefei 230000 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Sch Life Sci Hefei 230000 Peoples R China

BackgroundAlthough impaired cognitive control is common during the acute detoxification phase of substance use disorders (SUD) and is considered a major cause of relapse, it remains unclear after prolonged methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). The aim of the present study was to elucidate cognitive control in individuals with heroin use disorder (HUD) after prolonged MMT and its association with previous *** total of 63 HUD subjects (41 subjects with previous relapse and 22 non-relapse subjects, mean MMT duration: 12.24 +/- 2.92 years) and 31 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Eye tracking tasks, prospective memory tasks, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) and the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) were used to assess cognitive *** individuals exhibited worse saccade error rate and executive dysfunction but showed no significant impairment in prospective memory. Additionally, the relapsers performed worse in terms of antisaccade amplitude and velocity at higher difficulty gradients (11 degrees or 16 degrees). Antisaccade performance in terms of amplitude and velocity was negatively correlated with executive function scores. Deficits in inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and self-monitoring were found to mediate the relationship between previous relapse and impaired antisaccade *** after prolonged MMT, HUD individuals still show partial impairments in cognitive control and antisaccade performance. Previous relapse exacerbates cognitive control deficits through executive dysfunction in inhibition, cognitive flexibility and self-monitoring, which can be screened by higher difficulty of antisaccade amplitude and velocity. More importantly, saccade error rate can reflect impaired inhibitory control in HUD individuals, whereas antisaccade amplitude and velocity appear to have potential diagnostic value for relapse.

关键词： Heroin use disorder Relapse Methadone maintenance treatment cognitive control Executive function Prospective memory Antisaccade

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Reconceptualizing the relationship between anxiety, mindfulness, and cognitive control

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NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS 2025年 173卷 106146页

作者： Gupta, Resh S. Heller, Wendy Braver, Todd S. Washington Univ St Louis Dept Psychol & Brain Sci St Louis MO 63130 USA Univ Illinois Dept Psychol Champaign IL 61820 USA

Prior research has provided initial support for the claim that cognitive control mediates the relationship between anxiety and mindfulness;however, findings are often inconsistent. In this review, we argue that the inconsistency may be due to a lack of both conceptual and methodological precision in terms of how anxiety, cognitive control, and mindfulness are operationalized and assessed, and that this imprecision may be a critical source of study confounds and ambiguous outcomes. We unpack this argument by first decomposing anxiety, cognitive control, mindfulness, and relevant experimental paradigms into key dimensions in order to develop a non-unitary, multidimensional taxonomy of these constructs. Subsequently, we review and reinterpret the prior experimental literature, focusing on studies that examine the relationship between anxiety and cognitive control, mindfulness and cognitive control, and the three-way relationship between anxiety, mindfulness, and cognitive control. Across the reviewed studies, there was great variation in the dimensions being examined and the behavioral and/ or neural measures employed;therefore, results were often mixed. Based on this review of literature, we propose a conceptually and methodologically precise framework from which to study the effects of mindfulness on cognitive control in anxiety. The framework theoretically aligns anxiety dimensions with specific mindfulness states and interventions, further suggesting how these will impact specific cognitive control dimensions (proactive, reactive). These can be assessed with experimental paradigms and associated behavioral and neural metrics to index the relevant dimensions with high precision. Novel experimental studies and tractable research designs are also proposed to rigorously test this theoretical framework.

关键词： Anxiety cognitive control Mindfulness Experimental paradigms Multidimensional Conceptual precision Methodological precision

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Induced Plasticity Improving cognitive control in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Part I: Clinical and Neuroimaging Outcomes From a Randomized Trial

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BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 2025年第7期97卷 678-687页

作者： Fitzsimmons, Sophie M. D. D. Postma, Tjardo S. Campen, A. Dilene van Vriend, Chris Batelaan, Neeltje M. van Oppen, Patricia Hoogendoorn, Adriaan W. van der Werf, Ysbrand D. van den Heuvel, Odile A. Vrije Univ Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Dept Psychiat Amsterdam Netherlands Vrije Univ Amsterdam Amsterdam Univ Med Ctr Dept Anat & Neurosci Amsterdam Netherlands Amsterdam Neurosci Compuls Impuls Attent Program Amsterdam Netherlands Amsterdam Publ Hlth Amsterdam Netherlands GGZ inGeest Amsterdam Netherlands

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an emerging treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The neurobiological mechanisms of rTMS in OCD have been incompletely characterized. We compared clinical outcomes and changes in task-based brain activation following 3 different rTMS protocols, all combined with exposure and response prevention. Methods: In this 3-arm proof-of-concept randomized trial, 61 treatment-refractory adult patients with OCD received 16 sessions of rTMS immediately before exposure and response prevention over 8 weeks, with task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and clinical assessments before and after treatment. Patients received high-frequency rTMS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (n = 19 [13 women/6 men]), high-frequency rTMS to the left presupplementary motor area (preSMA) (n = 23 [13 women/10 men]), or control rTMS to the vertex (n = 19 [13 women/6 men]). Changes in task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging activation before/after treatment were compared using both a Bayesian region of interest and a general linear model whole-brain approach. Results: Mean OCD symptom severity decreased significantly in all treatment groups (Delta = -10.836, p < .001, 95% CI -12.504 to -9.168), with no differences between groups. Response rate in the entire sample was 57.4%. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex rTMS group showed decreased planning-related activation after treatment that was associated with greater symptom improvement. No group-level activation changes were observed for the preSMA and vertex rTMS groups. Participants in the preSMA group with greater symptom improvement showed decreased error-related activation, and symptom improvement in the vertex group was associated with increased inhibition-related activation. Conclusions: rTMS to preSMA and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex combined with exposure and response prevention led to activation decreases in targeted task networks in

关键词： cognitive control Exposure and response prevention psychotherapy Functional MRI OCD rTMS Task-based fMRI

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Neural Substrates of Emotion Processing and cognitive control Over Emotion in Youth Anxiety: An RDoC-Informed Study Across the Clinical to Nonclinical Continuum of Severity

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY 2025年第4期64卷 488-498页

作者： Diaz, Dana E. Block, Stefanie R. Russman Becker, Hannah C. Phan, K. Luan Monk, Christopher S. Fitzgerald, Kate D. Columbia Univ Irving Med Ctr New York NY USA Univ Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Ohio State Univ Columbus OH USA New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp New York NY USA

Objective: Clinically anxious youth are hypervigilant to emotional stimuli and display difficulty shifting attention from emotional to nonemotional stimuli, suggesting impairments in cognitive control over emotion. However, it is unknown whether the neural substrates of such biases vary across the clinical-to-nonclinical range of anxiety or by age. Method: Youth aged 7 to 17 years with clinical anxiety (n = 119) or without an anxiety diagnosis (n = 41) matched emotional faces or matched shapes flanked by emotional face distractors during magnetic resonance imaging, probing emotion processing and cognitive control over emotion, respectively. Building from the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, clinically anxious youth were sampled across diagnostic categories, and non-clinically affected youth were sampled across minimal-to-subclinical severity. Results: Across both conditions, anxiety severity was associated with hyperactivation in the right inferior parietal lobe, a substrate of hypervigilance. Brain- anxiety associations were also differentiated by attentional state;anxiety severity was associated with greater left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation during emotion processing (face matching) and greater activation in the left posterior superior temporal sulcus and temporoparietal junction (and slower responses) during cognitive control over emotion (shape matching). Age also moderated associations between anxiety and cognitive control over emotion, such that anxiety was associated with greater right thalamus and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex activation for children at younger and mean ages, but not for older youth. Conclusion: Aberrant function in brain regions implicated in stimulus-driven attention to emotional distractors may contribute to anxiety in youth. Results support the potential utility of attention modulation interventions for anxiety that are tailored to developmental stage. Plain language summ

关键词： anxiety cognitive control emotion processing neuroimaging RDoC youth

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We all fall for it: Influence of driving experience, level of cognitive control engaged and actual exposure to the driving situations on the Dunning-Kruger effect

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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART F-TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR 2025年 109卷 1-18页

作者： Navarro, Jordan Multon, Marine Petit, Marjorie Ouimet, Marie Claude Reynaud, Emanuelle Univ Lyon 2 Lab Etud Mecanismes Cognit EA 3082 Lyon France Inst Univ France Paris France Univ Sherbrooke Fac Med & Sci Sante Longueuil PQ Canada

The Dunning-Kruger Effect (DKE), a widely recognized phenomenon, reveals that individuals with lower skills tend to overrate their abilities, while high achievers often underestimate themselves. This intriguing trend has been explored in the realm of car driving using an innovative, purpose-built methodology. This methodology integrates visual presentations of specific driving scenarios for self-assessment alongside the analysis of actual driving behaviours gathered through driving simulation. Our study recruited both inexperienced, non-drivers and seasoned, licensed drivers to delve into three key aspects: (i) explore how the acquisition of skills through extensive real-world experience influences the DKE pattern, (ii) refine the process of recalibrating self-assessed skills subsequent to a brief encounter with the tasks and (iii) determine how the DKE is affected by varying degrees of cognitive control required to execute diverse driving tasks. The data consistently confirms the DKE across driving situations, highlighting its universality. Novice and seasoned drivers both display the pattern before and after the simulated drive, regardless of the associated level of cognitive control, indicating that experienced drivers are prone to the same misestimation tendencies as novices. Novices' self-assessments notably increased after experiencing the simulated drive, while experienced drivers' estimations remained stable. This observation could be interpreted as the dual curse of ignorance at work. This research offers valuable insights into the dynamics of self-assessment over time, shedding light on how driving experience and task exposure impact individuals' perceptions of their own abilities.

关键词： Dunning-Kruger effect Expertise cognitive control Performance Self-assessment Car driving

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Affective state-dependent effects of prefrontal rTMS on the cognitive control of negative stimuli in healthy and depressed individuals

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BRAIN STIMULATION 2025年第3期18卷 745-752页

作者： Paneva, Jasmina Schuhmann, Teresa De Smet, Stefanie De Meza, Terence Duecker, Felix Sack, Alexander T. Maastricht Univ Fac Psychol & Neurosci Dept Cognit Neurosci Maastricht Netherlands Maastricht Univ Med Ctr MUMC Brain Nerve Ctr Sch Mental Hlth & Neurosci MHeNs Dept Psychiat & Neuropsychol Maastricht Netherlands Univ Ghent Fac Med & Hlth Sci Dept Head & Skin Ghent Belgium

Introduction: High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) is an established, clinically effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, evidence of the cognitive effects of lDLPFC HF-rTMS, especially those cognitive functions affected by MDD, is mixed. Methods: We here assessed the cognitive effects of a single, offline, 10Hz rTMS session on task performance in an emotional faces N-back (EFNBACK) task, in both healthy and depressed individuals. We measured response times, accuracy, and sensitivity, in a sham-controlled, pre-post design. Importantly, using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), we assessed whether the cognitive effects of the stimulation are state-dependent on trait-state depression. Results: We found lDLPFC HF-rTMS enhanced cognitive control over angry distractors. More importantly, these cognitive control effects were state-dependent on trait-state depression. HF-rTMS produced distinct performance changes dependent on baseline BDI-II scores. As a function of BDI-II scores, we observed either increased or decreased response times on the task. Further, we observed improved accuracy and sensitivity only on angry distractor trials as BDI-II scores increased, as a consequence of lDLPFC stimulation. Conclusion: These results underscore the role of HF-rTMS in enhancing executive control over negative emotional information by modulating lDLPFC, with effects varying according to depression state at the moment of the treatment session. HF-rTMS thus not only enhances inhibitory control over emotional stimuli but also exhibits such cognitive effects contingent on depressive state, contributing to our understanding of the state-dependence of therapeutic rTMS.

关键词： Transcranial magnetic stimulation State-dependence Affective state cognitive control Antidepressive TMS

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Novelty modulates proactive and reactive cognitive control modes: Evidence from ERP and EEG data

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NEUROIMAGE 2025年 311卷 121178-121178页

作者： Li, Qianqian Chen, Tianlong Wang, Lixia Gu, Hongshan Hu, Bi Ying Gu, Chuanhua Zhou, Zongkui Cent China Normal Univ Key Lab Adolescent Cyberpsychol & Behav Minist Educ 382 Xiongchu Ave Wuhan 430079 Peoples R China Hubei Prov Key Lab Human Dev & Mental Hlth 382 Xiongchu Ave Wuhan 430079 Peoples R China Cent China Normal Univ Branch Collaborat Innovat Ctr Assessment Basic Educ Qual Wuhan 430079 Peoples R China Wuhan Britain China Sch Wuhan 430079 Peoples R China Univ Macau Taipa Macao Peoples R China

Novelty refers to the quality of an idea or product that is new or unusual. It has been shown to influence a broad range of cognitive processes, such as increasing arousal and facilitating working memory. However, no studies have directly investigated the effects of novelty on cognitive control, particularly on the trade-off between proactive and reactive cognitive control. The present study employed an adapted AX Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) combined with electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the impact of novelty on proactive and reactive control modes. The behavioral results showed that reaction times in BX trials were longer under novel conditions than common conditions, indicating that participants may rely more on reactive control and/or rely less on proactive control when influenced by novelty. The EEG results showed smaller effects of cue-P3 and cue-locked theta-ERS under novelty, suggesting that novelty might decrease proactive control, including the decreased maintenance and utilization of contextual information. Moreover, in the novel conditions, the effect of probe-locked theta-ERS was greater, while the effect of probe-P3 was smaller. This indicates that novelty may enhance reactive control, including increased conflict monitoring and reduced response inhibition cost. The findings suggest that exposure to novelty can influence how individuals balance proactive and reactive control, potentially causing a bias towards reactive control.

关键词： Novelty cognitive control Proactive control Reactive control ERP EEG

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