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EFFECTS OF IOPRAZOLAM ON cognitive functions

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 1991年第3期104卷 337-342页

作者： BAREGGI, SR FERINISTRAMBI, L PIROLA, R FRANCESCHI, M SMIRNE, S STATE UNIV MILANO CTR SLEEP DISORDERS I-20127 MILAN ITALY IST SCI HS RAFFAELE I-20127 MILAN ITALY

The effects of oral loprazolam (1, 2 mg) on vigilance, attention, immediate memory, short-term memory, learning, long-term non-consolidated and long-term consolidated memory were determined. Twelve healthy young male volunteers were given all the treatments, placebo or loprazolam, on three different occasions, in a double-blind, random latin-square sequence, crossing over every 2 weeks. Volunteers completed a battery of tests at night, 3.5 h after drug administration, and in the morning, 10 h after drug administration, to test recall of some of the material presented at night (long-term memory) and residual effects. Loprazolam did not significantly impair any of the functions tested at night. On the other hand, 2 mg loprazolam caused impairment of long-term memory, both consolidated and not. This reduction of long-term memory does not seem to be related to the impairments of vigilance, attention or learning. The 2 mg dose of loprazolam, which did not modify the mean scores and improved vigilance, attention and learning in some of the subjects, reduced long-term memory. Therefore, although caution in interpreting the results should be used, mainly because it is possible that differences in sensitivity of the tests cannot be overcome and because the relative small number of subjects, our results indicate that loprazolam might induce selective impairment of long-term memory. Since there were no differences between the effects on consolidated and non-consolidated memory, the amnesic effect of loprazolam seems to be due to a decrease in the storage of memory traces. There were no clear generalized residual effects in the morning after administration.

关键词： AMNESIA LOPRAZOLAM ATTENTION VIGILANCE cognitive functions

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Approaches to the study of higher cognitive functions related to creativity in nonhuman animals

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METHODS 2007年第1期42卷 3-11页

作者： Bailey, Aileen M. McDaniel, William F. Thomas, Roger K. Georgia Coll & State Univ Dept Psychol Milledgeville GA 31061 USA Univ Georgia Dept Psychol Athens GA 30602 USA St Marys Coll Maryland Dept Psychol St Marys City MD 20686 USA

Fundamental to creativity is prior knowledge and learning capability. One can be creative only to the extent that one's prior knowledge and learning abilities enable. Many of the mental functions of humans that are affected by neuropathology involve levels of learning ability that supercede those used by most animal researchers. Yet there is literature showing that there are similarities in structure and function in the cerebrum within class Mammalia and that nonhuman animals are capable of higher levels of learning than those typically studied by neuroscientists. Reviews of abstracts from the 2005 meeting of the Society for Neuroscience reveal that most neurobehavioral research with animals has involved relatively low levels of learning ability. Thomas's [R.K. Thomas, Brain, Behav. Evol. 17 (1980) 452-474.] hierarchy of learning abilities has been revised here to better include Learning Set Formation which is fundamental to most forms of higher learning. This paper summarizes both the rationale and the methodologies that might be used to assess the roles of neuroanatomical structures involved in the psychological processes that serve as the bases of creativity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： conceptual behavior comparative neuroanatomy functional neuroanatomy cognitive functions animal behavior models of human learning animal models of dementia

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Serum epidermal growth factor predicts cognitive functions in early, drug-naive Parkinson's disease patients

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JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY 2013年第2期260卷 438-444页

作者： Pellecchia, Maria Teresa Santangelo, Gabriella Picillo, Marina Pivonello, Rosario Longo, Katia Pivonello, Claudia Vitale, Carmine Amboni, Marianna De Rosa, Anna Moccia, Marcello Erro, Roberto De Michele, Giuseppe Santoro, Lucio Colao, Annamaria Barone, Paolo Univ Salerno Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis I-84131 Salerno Italy Univ Naples 2 Neuropsychol Lab Dept Psychol Caserta Italy IDC Hermitage Capodimonte Naples Italy Univ Naples Federico II Dept Neurol Sci Naples Italy Univ Naples Federico II Dept Mol & Clin Endocrinol & Oncol Naples Italy Univ Naples Parthenope Naples Italy

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been proposed as a candidate biomarker for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to assess the relationship between serum EGF and cognitive functions in early, drug-naive PD patients and evaluate the predictive value of EGF on cognitive functions in a 2-year follow-up study. Serum EGF was measured in 65 early, drug-naive PD patients, that underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Motor symptoms were assessed by means of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Part III (UPDRS-III). Neuropsychological evaluation was repeated after 2 years. Spearman's rank correlation was used to assess the relationship between serum EGF levels and neuropsychological variables. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between EGF and neuropsychological scores as well as other variables (age, gender, UPDRS-III, levodopa equivalent dose, and type of treatment at follow-up) potentially affecting cognitive performance. Variation over time in cognitive scores was analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. At baseline, EGF was the only significant variable associated with performance on semantic fluency (R (2) = 0.131;p = 0.005). EGF levels (p = 0.025), together with UPDRS-III (p = 0.009) and age (p = 0.011), were associated with performance on frontal assessment battery (R (2) = 0.260). At 2-year follow-up, EGF was the only significant variable to predict performance on semantic fluency (R (2) = 0.147;p = 0.025) and color naming task of Stroop color-word test (R (2) = 0.121;p = 0.044). Serum EGF levels are related to frontal and temporal cognitive functions in early, drug-naive PD patients and predict performance on frontal and posterior cognitive functions at 2-year follow-up. EGF is proposed as a potential serum biomarker for early cognitive impairment in PD.

关键词： Epidermal growth factor Biomarker cognitive functions Early Parkinson's disease

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Evaluation of cognitive functions in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

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EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & DIABETES 2015年第4期123卷 246-251页

作者： Keskin, F. E. Ozyazar, M. Pala, A. S. Elmali, A. D. Yilmaz, B. Uygunoglu, U. Bozluolcay, M. Tuten, A. Bingol, A. Hatipoglu, E. Istanbul Univ Cerrahpasa Med Fac Div Endocrinol Metab & Diabet Dept Internal Med Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Univ Cerrahpasa Med Fac Dept Neurol Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Univ Cerrahpasa Med Fac Dept Gynecol & Obstet Istanbul Turkey Mayis Psychol Ctr Istanbul Turkey

Objective: To evaluate the association between cognitive functions and metabolic status in cases with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: In this study 44 patients with GDM and 45 normal pregnant were included. Depression was evaluated with Beck's depression inventory (BDI). cognitive functions were evaluated with Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA), paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT), spatial recall test (SRT), symbol digit modalities (SDMT), and word list generation (WLG). Results: The mean gestational age, educational level and account of previous birth of the subjects in the study were not statistically different between the groups. The mean scores of BDI of the 2 groups were not statistically different. MOCA score and SDMT was significantly decreased in GDM in comparison to NP (p = 0.005, p = 0.04 respectively). Also, SDMT score was inversely correlated with number of pregnancies, postprandial blood glucose and HbA1c. The scores of PASAT, SRT, SPART and WLG were statistically similar between the groups. Conclusions: Our findings may be a clue for early onset of impairment in cognitive functions in cases with new onset diabetes during pregnancy.

关键词： gestational diabetes cognitive functions pregnancy

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Association of bisphenol A with cognitive functions and functionality in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH 2024年 169卷 64-72页

作者： Gok, Duygu Degirmencioglu Okutucu, Fatma Tuygar Ozturk, Nurinnisa Ceyhun, Hacer Akgul Ataturk Univ Med Fac Dept Psychiat Erzurum Turkiye Ataturk Univ Fac Med Dept Biochem Erzurum Turkiye

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) has been linked to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, but the effects on cognitive functions and functionality in adult ADHD have not been investigated. We investigated the associations between serum BPA with cognitive functions and functionality in adult ADHD patients. Methods: The levels of BPA were measured in 45 adult ADHD patients and 45 well-matched healty controls. The relationship between plastic exposure and BPA was also evaluated. Stroop test and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were applied for neurocognitive evaluation and participants were compared in basic cognitive functions including planning, organization, abstraction, problem solving, strategy development, set shifting, cognitive flexibility, variants of attention, information processing speed, the ability to change perceptual setup and response under interference. Sheehan disability scale was applied for functionality. The association of BPA with test scores was analyzed statistically. Results: Serum BPA levels in adult ADHD patients were found to be significantly higher than in healthy controls. There was no relationship between plastic exposure and BPA levels. BPA levels showed a significant effect on functionality in terms of work field. There were significant differences between the groups in terms of cognitive functions. However, no significant correlation was found between BPA levels and cognitive functions. Conclusions: BPA is associated with ADHD and affects functionality in the field of work, but larger-scale further studies are needed for its effect on cognitive functions.

关键词： Bisphenol A Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cognitive functions Functionality

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Comparing cognitive functions in medication adherent and non-adherent patients with schizophrenia

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JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH 2015年 70卷 106-112页

作者： El-Missiry, Ahmed Elbatrawy, Amira El Missiry, Marwa Moneim, Dalia Abdel Ali, Ramy Essawy, Heba Ain Shams Univ Dept Neuropsychiat Inst Psychiat WHO Collaborating Ctr Mental Hlth Res & Training Cairo Egypt

Background: Medication non-adherence presents a considerable problem in patients with schizophrenia. cognitive and executive functions can affect adherence. The association between medication non-adherence and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is under investigated with limited and conflicting research data. Purpose of the study: To prospectively assess the rate of drug adherence among a sample of patients with schizophrenia and to compare the cognitive and executive functions between adherent and non-adherent patients. Subjects and methods: 109 patients with schizophrenia diagnosed according to the DSM-IV classification were initially assessed by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and six months later by the Brief Adherence Rating Scale (BARS). Results: 68.8% were non-adherent to their antipsychotic medication. Adherent patients (31.2%) had significantly higher mean scores for the total, verbal and performance IQ. They had significantly higher mean scores in most of WMS subtests (orientation, information, verbal paired association, digit span, visual memory span), and higher mean scores for;total correct, conceptual level response, percentage and categories completed on the WSCT subscales (P < 0.0001). Whereas the non-adherent group had higher mean scores in;trials administered, total errors, perseverative responses, and perseverative errors (P < 0.0001). In a step regression analysis, digit span, conceptualization, total and percentage of errors were putative predictors of non-adherence. Conclusion: cognitive deficits, especially verbal memory and executive functions were the strongest patients' related factors associated with non adherence to medication. Psychiatrists ought to consider possible cognitive factors influencing adherence to enable offering proper interventions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Schizophrenia Adherence cognitive functions Memory

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Genetic Diversity of North Eurasia Populations by Genetic Markers Associated with Diseases Impairing Human cognitive functions

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RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF GENETICS 2021年第9期57卷 1082-1091页

作者： Bocharova, A., V Stepanov, V. A. Russian Acad Sci Tomsk Natl Res Med Ctr Res Inst Med Genet Tomsk 634050 Russia

The genetic diversity of sixteen native populations of North Eurasia is investigated using a panel of genetic markers in genes associated, according to the data of genome-wide association studies, with diseases that lead to impaired human cognitive functions (schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and their cognitive endophenotypes). There is a decrease in genetic diversity in the geographic space from west to east. The highest level of genetic diversity was shown in Caucasoid populations. There are two groups of SNPs that predominate in Caucasians or Mongoloids. The location of sixteen populations in the space of the principle components demonstrates their geographic localization. Clusterization of populations in accordance with their affiliation to four geographic regions was observed. In general, the analysis of within- and between-population genetic diversity for 28 markers in 16 populations replicates the patterns of the Northern Eurasia gene pool structure, which are described using other marker systems.

关键词： cognitive functions schizophrenia Alzheimer's disease human populations genetic diversity

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Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue;Exendin-4, on cognitive functions in type 2 diabetes mellitus;possible modulation of brain derived neurotrophic factor and brain Visfatin

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BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN 2018年 139卷 67-80页

作者： Abdelwahed, O. M. Tork, O. M. el Din, M. M. Gamal Rashed, L. Zickri, M. Cairo Univ Dept Med Physiol Fac Med Al Saray St Cairo 11956 Egypt Cairo Univ Dept Med Biochem & Mol Biol Fac Med Cairo Egypt Cairo Univ Dept Med Histol & Cell Biol Fac Med Cairo Egypt

Background: Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most essential neurotrophic factors in the brain. BDNF is involved in learning, memory and locomotion suggesting it as a target in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated cognitive changes. Visfatin;an adipokine discovered to be expressed in the brain;was found to have multiple effects including its participation in keeping energy supply to the cell and is consequentially involved in cell survival. Its role in cognitive functions in T2DM was not studied before. Recent studies point to the possible neuro-protective mechanisms of glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue: Exendin-4 (Ex-4) in many cognitive disorders, but whether BDNF or Visfatin are involved or not in its neuro-protective mechanisms;is still unknown. Aims: to study the changes in cognitive functions in T2DM, either not treated or treated with Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogue: Ex-4, and to identify the possible underlying mechanisms of these changes and whether BDNF and brain Visfatin are involved. Methods: A total of 36 adult male wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups;Control, Exendin-4 control, Diabetic and Exendin-4 treated groups. At the end of the study, Y-maze and open field tests were done the day before scarification to assess spatial working memory and locomotion, respectively. Fasting glucose and insulin, lipid profile and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured in the serum. Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance was calculated. In the brain tissue, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, gene expression and protein levels of BDNF and Visfatin, area of degenerated neurons, area of glial cells and area % of synaptophysin immunoexpression were assessed. Results: Compared with the control, the untreated diabetic rats showed insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and elevation of serum TNF-alpha. The brain tissue showed down-regulation of BDNF gene expression and reduction of its protein level, up-regulation of Vi

关键词： Diabetes mellitus cognitive functions Exendin-4 Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Visfatin Synaptophysin

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Response to prophylactic lithium in bipolar disorder may be associated with a preservation of executive cognitive functions

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EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2009年第11期19卷 791-795页

作者： Rybakowski, Janusz K. Permoda-Osip, Agnieszka Borkowska, Alina Univ Med Sci Dept Adult Psychiat Poznan Poland Nicolaus Copernicus Univ Torun Coll Medicum Clin Neuropsychol Unit Bydgoszcz Poland

We assessed performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), measuring executive functions, in 30 patients showing different prophylactic effect of lithium (excellent lithium responders-ER, partial responders-PR and non-responders-NR), and in fifty persons of their offspring (12 of ER, 26 of PR, and 12 of NR). Age- and gender head-to-head matched population consisted of 30 subjects for lithium group and 50 subjects for the offspring of lithium patients. In lithium patients, NR had significantly worse results compared to the remaining groups and to control subjects on perseverative errors (WCST-P) and conceptual responses (WCST-%conc). No differences were observed in the offspring of patients with different effect of lithium, however, they showed an impairment on WCST-P and WCST-%conc compared to matched healthy controls. Therefore, the favorable effect of lithium prophylaxis may be associated with a preservation of executive cognitive functions and the offspring of bipolar patients shows an impairment of such functions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. and ECNR All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium prophylaxis Bipolar disorder cognitive functions Bipolar offspring Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

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Effects of tapentadol on pain, motor symptoms and cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease

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JOURNAL OF PAIN RESEARCH 2018年 11卷 1849-1856页

作者： Freo, Ulderico Furnari, Maurizio Ori, Carlo Univ Padua Anesthesiol & Intens Care Unit Dept Med DIMED Padua Italy

Background: Pain is a common and undertreated non-motor symptom in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Opioids have been seldom used in PD because they could worsen cognitive and motor functions. Objective: We aimed to assess efficacy and tolerability of tapentadol in PD patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 21 PD patients treated with tapentadol extended release (ER) for chronic pain. Patients were evaluated before treatment and at 3 and 6 months during treatment for pain intensity (current, 24-hour average, and minimum and worst) with a 0-10 Numerical Rating Scale and the painDETECT questionnaire;for motor symptom severity with the Unified PD Rating Scale part III and the Hoehn and Yahr scale;for cognitive functions with Mini-Mental Status Examination, Corsi's Block-Tapping test, Digit Span test, Digit-Symbol Substitution test, FAS test, Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning test, Trail-Making test A and B and the 9-Hole Peg test;for anxiety and depression with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale;and for the quality of life with the Short Form-12. Data were analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance and paired t-test, and by Friedman's and Wilcoxon's tests. Statistical significance was taken in all cases as P<0.05. Results: Pain intensity decreased over the course of treatment. No differences were found in PD symptom severity and dopaminergic drug dosages between pretreatment and treatment evaluations. No decrement in cognitive neuropsychological performances was found and an improvement was observed in Digit Span test, Digit-Symbol Substitution test, and FAS test. The levels of anxiety, depression, and quality of life improved. Overall, tapentadol ER was well tolerated and most patients reported no or mild and short-lived gastroenterological and neurological side effects. Conclusion: These results indicate the potential efficacy and tolerability of medium-high doses of tapentadol ER for the treatment of pain in PD.

关键词： Parkinson's disease pain tapentadol cognitive functions motor functions

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