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CANNABIS AND cognitive functions - A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY

DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE 1988年第2期21卷 147-152页

作者： VARMA, VK MALHOTRA, AK DANG, R DAS, K NEHRA, R POSTGRAD INST MED EDUC & RES DEPT PSYCHIAT CHANDIGARH 160012 INDIA

Psychological tests measuring intelligence, memory and other cognitive functions were given to 26 heavy cannabis users (mean duration of cannabis use 6.76 years;average daily intake 150 mg THC). Compared with a control group, the cannabis users were found to react slowly in perceptuo-motor tasks, but not to differ in intelligence or memory tests. The users suffered disability in personal, social and vocational areas and indicated higher psychoticism and neuroticism scores.

关键词： cannabis cognitive functions memory intelligence India

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Predictors of cognitive functions in Children With Sturge-Weber Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study

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PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2016年 61卷 38-45页

作者： Bosnyak, Edit Behen, Michael E. Guy, William C. Asano, Eishi Chugani, Harry T. Juhasz, Csaba Wayne State Univ Dept Pediat Detroit MI 48202 USA Childrens Hosp Michigan Detroit MI 48201 USA Wayne State Univ Dept Neurol Detroit MI USA Nemours AI DuPont Hosp Children Div Pediat Neurol Wilmington DE USA Thomas Jefferson Univ Sch Med Philadelphia PA 19107 USA

BACKGROUND: Sturge Weber syndrome is often accompanied by seizures and neurocognitive deterioration, although previous studies have suggested that early functional brain reorganization may diminish the cognitive sequelae in some children with unilateral Sturge Weber syndrome. The "rules" governing these plasticity mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated longitudinal changes of cognitive functioning (intelligence quotient [IQ]) and assessed the performance of clinical, electroencephalography (EEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables for predicting IQ in children with Sturge Weber syndrome. METHODS: Thirty-three young children (mean age: 3.3 years at baseline) with unilateral Sturge Weber syndrome underwent MRI, scalp EEG, and neuropsychology evaluation twice, with a median follow-up of 2 years. None of the children had epilepsy surgery. Longitudinal IQ changes were calculated. Seizure variables, interictal EEG abnormalities, and extent and location of MRI brain involvement were correlated with IQ assessed at follow-up. RESULTS: Global IQ showed a highly variable course with both increases and decreases over time. Lower IQ at baseline was associated with interval IQ increase. In univariate analyses, lower outcome IQ was associated with baseline EEG abnormalities (P < 0.001), young age at seizure onset (P = 0.001), high seizure frequency (P = 0.02), and early frontal-lobe involvement on MRI (P = 0.01). In multivariate analysis, EEG abnormalities at baseline remained a robust, independent predictor of outcome IQ, CONCLUSIONS: The early trajectory of cognitive changes in children with unilateral Sturge Weber syndrome is highly variable;children with improving IQ likely undergo effective unimpeded functional reorganization. Early onset, frequent seizures, and interictal epileptiform abnormalities on EEG likely interfere with this process resulting in poor cognitive functions. Future studies assessing interventions should target this high-

关键词： Sturge-Weber syndrome epilepsy cognitive functions longitudinal study EEG MRI

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Long term impairment of cognitive functions and alterations of NMDAR subunits after continuous microwave exposure

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PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR 2017年第0期181卷 1-9页

作者： Wang, Hui Tan, Shengzhi Xu, Xinping Zhao, Li Zhang, Jing Yao, Binwei Gao, Yabing Zhou, Hongmei Peng, Ruiyun Beijing Inst Radiat Med Dept Expt Pathol 27 Taiping Rd Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Inst Radiat Med Div Radiat Protect & Hlth Phys Beijing Peoples R China

Objective: The long term effects of continuous microwave exposure cannot be ignored for the simulation of the real environment and increasing concerns about the negative cognitive effects of microwave exposure. Methods: In this study, 220 male Wistar rats were exposed by a 2.856 GHz radiation source with the average power density of 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mW/cm(2) for 6 min/day, 5 days/week and up to 6 weeks. The MWM task, the EEG analysis, the hippocampus structure observation and the western blot were applied until the 12 months after microwave exposure to detect the spatial learning and memory abilities, the cortical electrical activity, changes of hippocampal structure and the NMDAR subunits expressions. Results: Results found that the rats in the 10 mW/cm(2) group showed the decline of spatial learning and memory abilities and EEG disorders (the decrease of EEG frequencies, and increase of EEG amplitudes and delta wave powers). Moreover, changes of basic structure and ultrastructure of hippocampus also found in the 10 and 5 mW/cm(2) groups. The decrease of NR 2A, 2B and p-NR2B might contribute to the impairment of cognitive functions. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that the continuous microwave exposure could cause the dose-dependent long term impairment of spatial learning and memory, the abnormalities of EEG and the hippocampal structure injuries. The decrease of NMDAR key subunits and phosphorylation of NR 2B might contribute to the cognitive impairment.

关键词： Microwave cognitive functions Hippocampus Rats NMDAR

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The effect of reminiscence therapy on cognitive functions, depression, and quality of life in Alzheimer patients: Randomized controlled trial

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY 2019年第1期34卷 47-53页

作者： Lok, Neslihan Bademli, Kerime Selcuk-Tosun, Alime Selcuk Univ Dept Psychiat Nursing Fac Hlth Sci Konya Turkey Akdeniz Univ Fac Nursing Dept Psychiat Nursing Antalya Turkey Selcuk Univ Dept Community Hlth Nursing Fac Hlth Sci Konya Turkey

Background Alzheimer is a disease leading to various neuropsychiatric behavioral disorders, and the most common symptom observed during the prognosis of Alzheimer's disease is dysmnesia. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of reminiscence therapy on cognitive functions, depression, and quality of life in Alzheimer's patients. Methods The present study was a randomized controlled single blind study with two groups, which was designed in the experimental pretest-posttest pattern in the city of Konya, Turkey. It was decided to include a total of 60 elderly individuals. Information form that evaluated socio-demographic characteristics and disease history of individuals in intervention and control groups and was developed by the researcher. Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE), Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, and the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QOL-AD) Scale were used to collect the data. Reminiscence therapy was applied once a week and lasted for 8 weeks. Every session took 60 minutes. Groups consisted of six people. Results Mini-Mental Test, depression, and quality of life mean scores of the elderly in intervention group before reminiscence therapy program increased after the administration, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the intergroup comparison, a significant difference was found between elderly individuals' posttest Mini-Mental Test, depression, and quality of life mean scores (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our results suggest that regular reminiscence therapy should be considered for inclusion as routine care for the improvement of cognitive functions, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in elderly people with Alzheimer.

关键词： Alzheimer cognitive functions depression quality of life reminiscence therapy

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Disturbed cognitive functions after nasal provocation in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis

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CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY 2009年第4期39卷 500-508页

作者： Hartgerink-Lutgens, I. Vermeeren, A. Vuurman, E. Kremer, B. Maastricht Univ Fac Hlth Med & Life Sci Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Maastricht Netherlands Maastricht Univ Fac Psychol Brain & Behav Inst Dept Neuropsychol & Psychopharmacol Maastricht Netherlands Maastricht Univ Fac Hlth Med & Life Sci Brain & Behav Inst Dept Psychiat & Neuropsychol Maastricht Netherlands

Allergic rhinitis (AR) reduces quality of life as a result of impaired psychological well-being and perceived impaired cognitive functioning. Few studies have measured cognitive functions objectively and it remains uncertain whether AR leads to an objective reduction in cognitive functions. The present study investigated whether AR is associated with a decrement in several aspects of cognitive functioning. Furthermore, the study investigated whether AR patients invest more 'mental effort' in order to achieve the same cognitive performances as healthy controls. Twenty five patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and 26 healthy controls, matched for age, education and sex, were tested on a battery of time-demanding and strenuous objective cognitive tests and subjective questionnaires, both before and after nasal provocation (NP). The cognitive functions assessed were sustained attention, short- and long-term memory and speed of information processing. Mental effort was assessed using visual rating scales. Sustained but not short cognitive performance was impaired in patients after NP. Patients showed an increased effort on short cognitive tests. SAR patients suffer from cognitive performance decrements that can be compensated by additional mental effort for short tasks only. Cite this as: I. Hartgerink-Lutgens, A. Vermeeren, E. Vuurman and B. Kremer, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2009 (39) 500-508.

关键词： allergic rhinitis cognitive functions psychological well-being

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Comparison of cognitive functions between first- and multi-episode bipolar affective disorders

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JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS 2006年第1-3期93卷 185-192页

作者： Nehra, Ritu Chakrabarti, Subho Pradhan, Basant K. Khehra, Nitasha Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res Dept Psychiat Chandigarh 160012 India

Background: cognitive impairment has been commonly found in euthymic patients with bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). Information about onset and course of cognitive deficits is, however, scarce. This study examined the cognitive profile of patients following their first episode of BPAD to determine whether cognitive problems are present at such an early stage. Methods: Executive functions, memory, IQ, attention-concentration and perceptuomotor function were assessed in 16 euthymic patients with BPAD following their first episodes, and compared with a group of 30 euthymic patients with multiple episodes of BPAD and 20 normal controls. Comparisons were controlled for educational status, current IQ and residual symptoms. Results: First-episode patients were significantly impaired, compared to normal controls, on tests of executive function, sustained attention, perceptuomotor function and IQ. Additionally, their performance was significantly worse than patients with multi-episode BPAD on tests of executive functions, sustained attention and perceptuomotor function. Multi-episode patients had impaired memory, compared to normal controls, and performed poorly on a subtest of executive functions compared to first-episode patients. Limitations: Sample sizes were small, assessments cross-sectional;all confounds could not be controlled for. Conclusions: Widespread cognitive disturbances following the first episode of BPAD were found in this study. Whether these disturbances progress following repeated episodes was not entirely clear. Since cognitive impairment can have several adverse consequences for patients of BPAD in terms of disability, quality of life, outcome etc., this must remain a priority area for future research. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： cognitive functions bipolar affective disorders first- and multi-episode patients

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Effect of modafinil on cognitive functions in alcohol dependent patients: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial

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JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2013年第11期27卷 998-1006页

作者： Joos, Leen Goudriaan, Anna E. Schmaal, Lianne van den Brink, Wim Sabbe, Bernard G. C. Dom, Geert Univ Antwerp CAPRI B-2610 Antwerp Belgium Univ Amsterdam Amsterdam Inst Addict Res Amsterdam Netherlands Arkin Mental Hlth Care Amsterdam Netherlands Psychiat Ctr Alexian Bros Boechout Belgium

cognitive deficits are highly prevalent in alcohol-dependent (AD) patients and may have a detrimental impact on treatment response and treatment outcome. Enhancing cognitive functions may improve treatment success. Modafinil is a promising compound in this respect. Therefore, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted with modafinil (300 mg/d) or placebo in 83 AD patients for 10 weeks. Various cognitive functions (digit span task, Tower of London task, Stroop task) were measured at baseline, during and after treatment. Compared to placebo, modafinil improved verbal short-term memory (number of forward digit spans) (p=0.030), but modafinil exerted a negative effect on the working memory score of the digit span task (p=0.003). However, subgroup analyses revealed that modafinil did improve both working memory and verbal short-term memory in AD patients with a poor working memory ability at baseline (25% worst performers), whereas no significant treatment effect of modafinil was found on these two dependent variables in patients with good working memory skills at baseline (25% best performers). No effect of modafinil was found on measures of planning (Tower of London task) and selective attention (Stroop task). Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between cognitive remediation and treatment outcome in order to design targeted treatments.

关键词： Modafinil alcohol dependence cognitive functions digit span working memory

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Evaluation of depressive mood and cognitive functions in patients with acromegaly under somatostatin analogue therapy

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JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION 2017年第12期40卷 1365-1372页

作者： Alibas, H. Uluc, K. Koytak, P. Kahraman Uygur, M. M. Tuncer, N. Tanridag, T. Yavuz, D. Gogas Marmara Univ TC Saglik Bakanligi Pendik Egitim & Arastirma Hastanesi Norol ABD Fevzi Cakmak Mah Muhsin Yazicioglu Cad 10 TR-34899 Istanbul Turkey Marmara Univ TC Saglik Bakanligi Pendik Egitim & Arastirma Hastanesi Ic Hastaliklari ABDEndokrinol & Metab BD Fevzi Cakmak Mah Muhsin Yazicioglu Cad 10 TR-34899 Istanbul Turkey

Aims Acromegaly is caused by a pituitary adenoma that releases excess growth hormone (GH) and a concomitant increase in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Acromegaly results not only in phenotypic changes, but also in neurologic complications as peripheral neuropathy and cognitive dysfunction. This study aimed to compare depressive mood and cognitive function in patients with acromegaly and in healthy controls as well as to determine the factors underlying cognitive dysfunction in the acromegalic patients. Materials and methods This study included 42 patients with acromegaly that were receiving somatostatin analogue therapy and 44 healthy controls. Memory, attention, visuospatial function, inhibitory function, abstract thinking, verbal fluency, and depressive mood were measured in the patients and controls. Results Patients with acromegaly had lower learning (p = 0.01), planning (p = 0.03), complex attention and inhibitory function (p = 0.04) scores than the controls. There was no significant difference in depressive mood between the patients and controls (p > 0.05). Gamma knife radiosurgery did not negatively affect cognitive function (p > 0.05). Conclusion The present findings show that acromegaly negatively affects learning, attention, and planning.

关键词： Acromegaly Depressive mood cognitive functions

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Effects of combined exposure to modeled radiation and gravitation factors of the interplanetary flight: Monkeys' cognitive functions and the content of monoamines and their metabolites;cytogenetic changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes

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LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2021年 30卷 45-54页

作者： Belyaeva, Alexandra G. Kudrin, Vladimir S. Koshlan, Igor, V Koshlan, Nataliya A. Isakova, Mariya D. Bogdanova, Yulia, V Timoshenko, Gennady N. Krasavin, Evgeny A. Blokhina, Taisia M. Yashkina, Elizaveta I. Osipov, Andreyan N. Nosovsky, Andrey N. Perevezentsev, Alexandr A. Shtemberg, Andrey S. Russian Acad Sci RAS Inst Biomed Problems Moscow 123007 Russia Zakusov Inst Pharmacol Moscow 125315 Russia Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna 141980 Moscow Oblast Russia Dubna State Univ Dubna 141982 Moscow Oblast Russia Fed Med Biol Agcy SRC FMBC Burnasyan Fed Med Biophys Ctr State Res Ctr Moscow 123098 Russia Russian Acad Sci Semenov Inst Chem Phys Moscow 119991 Russia Moscow Inst Phys & Technol Sch Biol & Med Phys Dolgoprudnyi 141700 Moscow Region Russia

In a study on primates (Macaca mulatta), neurobiological and radiobiological effects have been studied of the synchronous combined action of 7-day antiorthostatic hypokinesia and exposure of the monkeys' head first to gamma-rays during 24 h and then to accelerated 12C ions. The neurobiological effects were evaluated by the cognitive functions which model the basic elements of operator activity and the concentration of monoamines and their metabolites in peripheral blood. The radiobiological effects were evaluated by the chromosomal aberration and DNA double-strand break (DSB) yield in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The results of the cognitive function research show that the typological features of the animals' higher nervous activity are the prevailing factor that determines changes in these functions. The monkey of the strong balanced type effectively retained its cognitive functions after the exposures, while in the weak unbalanced type animals these functions were impaired. These changes went along with a decrease in the concentration of monoamines and their metabolites and an increase in the DNA DSB and chromosomal aberration yield in lymphocytes.

关键词： Primates Modeling spaceflight factors cognitive functions Neurochemical indicators Chromosomal aberrations DNA double-strand breaks

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The Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Seizures, cognitive functions, and Other Neurological Disorders in Classical Phenotype of Glucose Transporter 1 Deficiency Syndrome

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NEUROPEDIATRICS 2015年第5期46卷 313-320页

作者： Gumus, Hakan Bayram, Ayse Kacar Kardas, Fatih Canpolat, Mehmet Caglayan, Ahmet Okay Kumandas, Sefer Kendirci, Mustafa Per, Huseyin Erciyes Univ Sch Med Dept Pediat Div Pediat Neurol TR-38039 Kayseri Turkey Erciyes Univ Sch Med Dept Pediat Div Pediat Nutr & Metab TR-38039 Kayseri Turkey Yale Univ Sch Med Dept Neurosurg New Haven CT USA Yale Univ Sch Med Dept Neurobiol New Haven CT USA Yale Univ Sch Med Dept Genet New Haven CT 06510 USA

Objectives The purpose of this study was to characterize patients who were diagnosed with glucose transporter protein 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1D), and also to assess the efficacy of ketogenic diet (KD) therapy on seizure control, cognitive functions, and other neurological disorders. Patients and Methods We studied six unrelated patients with the classical phenotype of Glut1D, focusing on clinical and laboratory features, the KD therapy and outcome over the 25-month follow-up period. Results Five patients became seizure-free with the onset of ketosis, and anticonvulsants were discontinued. Other neurological features such as ataxia, spasticity, and dystonia showed a less striking improvement than seizure control. There was no significant change in the intelligence quotient (IQ) level or microcephaly. In all patients, alertness, concentration, motivation, and activity resulted in a moderate improvement of variable degree. The early-onset adverse effects of KD were observed in five patients. The KD regimen failed in one patient, therefore, his diet was changed with an alternative to KD. Conclusions Treatment with KD resulted in a marked improvement in seizures and cognitive functions but its effect appeared to be less striking on the other neurological disorders of the patients. When the classic KD is not tolerated, an alternative to KD may be helpful.

关键词： glucose transporter protein 1 deficiency syndrome ketogenic diet cognitive functions seizures children

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