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Perceptual Uniformity in Digital image Representation and Display

color RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2014年第1期39卷 6-15页

作者： Poynton, Charles Funt, Brian Simon Fraser Univ Vancouver BC Canada

Digital image representation is perceptually uniform if a small perturbation of a component valuesuch as the digital code value used to represent red, green, blue, or luminanceproduces a change in light output at a display that is approximately equally perceptible across the range of that value. Most digital image coding systemsincluding sRGB (used in desktop graphics), BT.709 (used in high-definition television, HD), Adobe RGB (1998) (used in graphics arts), and DCI P3 RGB (used in digital cinema)represent colour component (pixel) values in a perceptually uniform manner. However, this behavior is not well documented and is often shrouded in confusion. This article surveys perceptual uniformity in digital imaging and attempts to clarify some widely misunderstood aspects of image coding. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 6-15, 2014

关键词： perceptual uniformity color image coding lightness gamma color management dynamic range

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Low bit-rate multi stage vector quantization based on energy clustered training set

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2014年第3期70卷 2293-2308页

作者： Krishnamoorthy, R. Punidha, R. Anna Univ Technol Dept CSE Comp Vis Lab Tiruchirappalli 620024 Tamil Nadu India

In this paper, a new multi stage vector quantization with energy clustered training set is proposed for color image coding. The input image is applied with orthogonal polynomials based transformation and the energy clustered transformed training vectors are obtained with reduced dimension. The stage-by-stage codebook for vector quantization is constructed from the proposed transformed training vectors so as to reduce computational complexity. This method also generates a single codebook for all the three color components, utilizing the inter-correlation property of individual color planes and interactions among the color planes due to the proposed transformation. As a result, the color image encoding time is only slightly higher than that of gray scale image coding time and in contrast to the existing color image coding techniques, whose time is thrice greater than that of gray scale image coding. The experimental results reveal that only 35 % and 10 % of transform coefficients are sufficient for smaller and larger blocks respectively, for the reconstruction of images with good quality. The proposed multi stage vector quantization technique is faster when compared to existing techniques and yields better trade-off between image quality and block size for encoding.

关键词： color image coding Energy clustered training set Multi stage vector quantization Orthogonal polynomials transform

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Embedded color image coding with Context Adaptive Wavelet Difference Reduction

Embedded Color Image Coding with Context Adaptive Wavelet Di...

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International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems

作者： Lamsrichan, Poonlap Sanguankotchakorn, Teerapat Kasetsart Univ Dept Elect Engn Fac Engn Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781424450152

A new color image coding technique is proposed in this paper. The technique is based on the efficient grey-scaled wavelet-based image coding, the context adaptive wavelet difference reduction - CAWDR. The coder exploits not only compactness and self-similarities of wavelet transform in each color component, but also the dependency between the color components. The context adaptive arithmetic coder is implemented to the encoded bit stream. The significant coefficient quantizations for all color components are performed before the refinement pass in each bit-plane. This single bit stream of encoded image has embedded property and exact rate control without explicit information. The performance comparison is also presented in the paper. The proposed coder typically has 0.3 - 1 dB higher average PSNR than that of JPEG2000.

关键词： color image coding wavelet difference reduction embedded coding context adaptive

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color image coding for digital projection and d-cinema

Color image coding for digital projection and d-cinema

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Conference on color Imaging XIII

作者： LeHoty, David A. Consultant (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)9780819469793

color image coding for d-cinema is explored using luminance contour plots of a few standards, a laser-based projection system, and a film stock. The luminance contour plots are in u'v' space. Several color image coding representations are surveyed. And a color image coding system is suggested for efficient perceptual color difference encoding.

关键词： color image coding d-cinema luminance contours

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Low complexity, efficient and embedded color image coding technique

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2008年第2期54卷 787-794页

作者： Moinuddin, Athar Ali Khan, Ekram Ghanbari, Mohammed Univ Essex Dept Comp & Elect Syst Colchester CO4 3SQ Essex England Aligarh Muslim Univ Dept Elect Engn Aligarh 202002 Uttar Pradesh India

In this paper, an efficient and embedded wavelet based color image coding technique having low complexity is proposed. The key idea is the use of block-tree hierarchical structure, due to which the proposed technique has the best features of both block and tree based wavelet image coding methods simultaneously. The proposed technique integrates the set partitioning strategies of hierarchical trees and blocks into a single algorithm, resulting in significant improvement in the coding efficiency, reduced computational complexity and reduced memory requirement. The block-tree structure of the luminance and the chrominance planes are linked in such a way that the insignificant sets of the three planes at correspondingly same locations are sorted together. The proposed coder is compared with similar existing techniques on number of test images. The simulation results show the performance improvement in coding efficiency, reduction in computational complexity and dynamic memory to store the lists over the existing techniques. Therefore, the proposed coding technique is quite attractive for image communication or image data browsing over wireless lines using modern day power-limited mobile/portable devices.

关键词： wavelet transform color image coding zerotree zeroblock

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The impact of tree structures on the performance of zerotree-based wavelet video codecs

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-image COMMUNICATION 2010年第3期25卷 179-195页

作者： Moinuddin, Athar Ali Khan, Ekram Ghanbari, Mohammed Aligarh Muslim Univ Dept Elect Engn Aligarh 202002 UP India Univ Essex Sch Comp Sci & Elect Engn Colchester CO4 3SQ Essex England

In this paper we analyze the impact of tree structures on the performance of zerotree-based wavelet video codecs. Since zerotree approach is based on aggregation of insignificant coefficients in trees, therefore design of a tree structure is the key issue for a better performance. We have considered six different tree structures with characteristics varying from a simple to relatively complex and composite tree structures to code the luminance-chrominance components of a video sequence. Their performances are compared in terms of average number of bits generated per bitplane, number of coded bitplanes for a given bit budget, rate-distortion performance, memory requirements and computational complexity. We observe that in general more complex and longer trees do not necessarily improve the coding efficiency. However, the tree structures encapsulating more elements per tree are memory efficient. Therefore, the rate-distortion performance, memory requirements and computational complexities need to be traded-off while selecting a particular tree structure. It is also observed that the additional improvement due to optional entropy coding is also tree structure dependent. Further, the simulation results show that by designing an efficient tree structure, depending on the picture content, the performance of a video coder can be improved by up to 2.0 dB, while reducing the computational complexity by 45-60% as well as the memory requirements by almost 29-35%. Compared to the standard JPEG2000 (for intra-frame), tree-based coders are found to be efficient in terms of coding and complexity, particularly at lower bit rates. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Zerotree coding SPIHT color image coding Wavelet video Tree structure

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color image coding by using inter-color correlation

Color image coding by using inter-color correlation

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IEEE International Conference on image Processing (ICIP 2006)

作者： San, Xing Cai, Hua Li, Jiang Chinese Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn & Informat Sci Shanghai 200237 Peoples R China Microsoft Res Asia Media Commun Grp Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424404810

Inter-color correlation between the luminance component and chrominance components has been utilized for color image coding for years. However, the correlation has not been clearly analyzed. In this paper, we analyze the inter-color correlation and answer two questions related to color image coding: (1) what kind of inter-color correlation exists in color images after the discrete wavelet transform?;and, (2) how strong is it? This analysis helps us to find a most suitable inter-color context and eventually leads to a new embedded color image codec. By using the discovered inter-color context, significant performance improvement can be achieved when encoding chrominance components.

关键词： color image coding image coding inter-color correlation

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An efficient wavelet based embedded color image coding technique using block-tree approach

An efficient wavelet based embedded color image coding techn...

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IEEE International Conference on image Processing (ICIP 2006)

作者： Moinuddin, Athar Ali Khan, Ekram Ghanbari, Mohammed Aligarh Muslim Univ Dept Elect Engn Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India Univ Essex Dept Elect Syst Engn Colchester Essex England

ISBN: (纸本)9781424404810

In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient technique for embedded color image coding. The proposed algorithm exploits inter- and intra-subband correlations of the wavelet transformed luminance (Y) and chrominance (U and V) planes as well as the interdependency among the coefficients of the three-color planes. The coefficients of the three-color planes are linked through the composite spatial orientation trees (CSOT) having root nodes in the Y-plane only. The CSOT is defined for blocks of coefficients rather than a single coefficient. Thus, the proposed algorithm combines the features of both zero-tree and zero-block based algorithm into a single algorithm due to the use of block-tree hierarchical structure. Simulation results show the improved performance of the proposed algorithm over other sate-of-the-art coders such as MPEG-4, color SPIHT (CSPIHT), color SPECK (CPECK), and JPEG-2000.

关键词： wavelet transform image coding color image coding embedded coding

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Segment-based coding of color images

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Science in China(Series F) 2009年第6期52卷 914-925页

作者： ZHANG YuDong WU LeNan School of Information Science & Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China

Based on the idea of second generation image coding, a novel scheme for coding still images is pre- *** first, an image was partitioned with a pulse-coupled neural network; and then an improved chain code and the 2D discrete cosine transform was adopted to encode the shape and the color of its edges *** code its smooth and texture regions, an improved zero-trees strategy based on the 2nd generation wavelet was *** that, the zero-tree chart was selected to rearrange quantified *** finally some regulations were given according to psychology of various *** under noiseless channels demonstrate that the proposed method performs better than those of the current one, such as JPEG, CMP, EZW and JPEG2000.

关键词： image segmentation color image coding lifting scheme wavelet pulse-coupled neural networks structure coding

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Low Memory Strip-Based image Compression for color images

Low Memory Strip-Based Image Compression for Color Images

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International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics

作者： Chew, Li Wern Ang, Li-Minn Seng, Kab Phooi Univ Nottingham Selangor 43500 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9780769537528

In this paper, a low memory strip-based image compression for color images using the set-partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) coding is presented. The proposed coding scheme applies a lower scale of discrete wavelet decomposition and uses a new spatial orientation tree structure to achieve a low memory strip-based coding implementation. It also incorporates a modified SPIHT algorithm which uses a degree-0 to degree-2 zerotree coding methodology to increase the compression efficiency. The main advantage of the proposed work is the significant reduction in both the memory requirements as well as the complexity of the image coder for practical software and hardware implementation. Simulation results on color images also show that the proposed coding scheme gives a better compression performance compared to the traditional SPIHT coding at most bit-rates.

关键词： color image coding low memory image compression SPIHT strip-based image compression

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