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CMOS color image sensor with overlaid organic photoelectric conversion layers having narrow absorption band : Depression of dark current - art. no. 66560A

CMOS color image sensor with overlaid organic photoelectric ...

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Conference on Organic Photovoltaics VIII

作者： Ihama, Mikio Hayashi, Masayuki Maehara, Yoshiki Mitsui, Tetsurou Takada, Shunji Fujifilm Corp Frontier Core Technol Labs Res & Dev Management Headquarters Kaisei Kanagawa 2588577 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468048

We proposed a solid-state image sensor with multi-layered structure on the basis of the combination of a charge read-out circuit with photoelectric conversion layers, which behave in similar fashion to sensitizing dyes in color films. We developed an organic photoelectric conversion layer, which selectively absorbs green light and transmits blue and red lights. By overlaying this layer on a silicon substrate having silicon photodiodes and a read-out circuit, we successfully produced a two-color sensor. Significant reduction in the dark current in the photoelectric conversion layer owing to appropriate carrier-blocking layers made it possible to take pictures with low level of noise.

关键词： organic photoelectric conversion layer dark current CMOS color image sensor

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Spectral sensitivity optimization of color image sensor considering photon shot noise

Spectral sensitivity optimization of color image sensor cons...

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Conference on Digital Photography IV

作者： Kuniba, Hideyasu Berns, Roy S. Nikon Inc Tokyo 1408601 Japan Rochester Inst Technol Munsell Color Sci Lab Rochester NY 14623 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819469892

A filter optimization was investigated to design digital camera color filters that achieved high color accuracy and low image noise when accounting for a sensor's inherent photon shot noise. In the computer simulation, Gaussian-type spectral-sensitivity: curves along with an IR blocking filter were used. When only color reproduction was considered, the best peak wavelengths for RGB channels were 600, 550 and 450nm, respectively, but when both color reproduction and photon shot noise were considered, the peak wavelength of the R channel should be longer (620 - 630nm). Increasing the wavelength reduced noise fluctuation along the a* axis, the most prominent noise component in the. former case;however, color accuracy was reduced. The tradeoff between image noise and color accuracy due to the peak wavelength of the R channel led to a four-channel camera consisting of two R sensors and G and B. One of the two R channels was selected according to the difference in levels in order to reduce noise while maintaining accurate color reproduction.

关键词： color image sensor spectral sensitivity optimization photon shot noise

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CMOS color image sensor with overlaid organic photoconductive layers having narrow absorption band

CMOS color image sensor with overlaid organic photoconductiv...

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Conference on Digital Photography III

作者： Takada, Shunji Ihama, Mikio Inuiya, Masafumi Komatsu, Takashi Saito, Takahiro FUJIFILM Corp Res & Dev Management Headquarters Kanagawa 2588577 Japan Kanagawa Univ Dept Elect & Informat Frontiers Yokohama Kanagawa 2218686 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466150

At EI2006, we proposed the CMOS image sensor, which was overlaid with organic photoconductive layers in order to incorporate in it large light-capturing ability of a color film owing to its multiple-layer structure, and demonstrated the pictures taken by the trial product of the proposed CMOS image sensor overlaid with an organic layer having green sensitivity. In this study, we have tried to get the optimized spectral sensitivity for the proposed CMOS image sensor by means of the simulation to minimize the color difference between the original Macbeth chart and its reproduction with the spectral sensitivity of the sensor as a parameter. As a result, it has been confirmed that the proposed CMOS image sensor with multiple-layer structure possesses high potential capability in terms of image-capturing efficiency when it is provided with the optimized spectral sensitivity.

关键词： CMOS color image sensor silicon photodiode organic photoconductive layer color reproduction

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Spectral sensitivity optimization of color image sensors considering photon shot noise: four channel sensor models

Spectral sensitivity optimization of color image sensors con...

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Conference on Digital Photography VI

作者： Kuniba, Hideyasu Nikon Inc Shinagawa Ku Tokyo 1408601 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819479303

Four channel sensors were evaluated with a image sensor model and their performance was compared with three channel sensors considering both color reproduction accuracy and photo shot noise. When noise was not considered, a sensor with usual RGB plus an additional channel which resided between G and B was the best. But when the emphasis was on noise, a sensor with B, R and two Gs was the best because reducing noise of G should be effective in reducing noise of all L*a*b* components. Bayer color filter array (CFA) samples twice density of G than R or B. This CFA is considered to be efficient in resolution but the result suggests it is also efficient in SNR. Comparing to three channel sensors, the four channel sensors were better in color reproduction but worse in noise. An image preference model proposed by Kuniba and Berns was used to evaluate them and it was shown that neither one was superior than the other.

关键词： color image sensor photon shot noise color reproduction

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The Effects of sensor Spectral Sensitivity, Pixel Pitch, Photon Shot Noise, and Dark Noise on Perceived image Quality

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2009年第12期E92A卷 3321-3327页

作者： Kuniba, Hideyasu Berns, Roy S. Nikon Inc Tokyo 1408601 Japan Rochester Inst Technol Munsell Color Sci Lab Ctr Imaging Sci Rochester NY 14623 USA

image sensor noise was estimated in an approximately perceptually uniform space with a color image sensor model. Particularly, the noise level with respect to an image sensor's pixel pitch and the dark noise was investigated. It was shown that the noise level could be about half when spectral sensitivity was optimized considering noise with reduced color reproduction accuracy. It was also shown that for a 2.0 mu m pixel pitch sensor, the exposure index should be less than 100-150 in order to keep the noise level (sigma) over bar (94) less than 5 even if it had no dark noise, whereas the exposure index could reach about 2000-4000 for a 8.0 mu m pixel pitch sensor depending on the sensor sensitivity and the dark noise level.

关键词： color image sensor photon shot noise

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Research on interference compensation methods for color image sensors based on iterative learning

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sensor REVIEW 2024年第2期44卷 132-148页

作者： Wen, Qiang Chen, Lele Jin, Jingwen Huang, Jianhao Wan, HeLin Harbin Engn Univ Harbin Peoples R China Hubei Inst Measurement & Testing Technol Wuhan Peoples R China

PurposeFixed mode noise and random mode noise always exist in the image sensor, which affects the imaging quality of the image sensor. The charge diffusion and color mixing between pixels in the photoelectric conversion process belong to fixed mode noise. This study aims to improve the image sensor imaging quality by processing the fixed mode ***/methodology/approachThrough an iterative training of an ergoable long- and short-term memory recurrent neural network model, the authors obtain a neural network model able to compensate for image noise crosstalk. To overcome the lack of differences in the same color pixels on each template of the image sensor under flat-field light, the data before and after compensation were used as a new data set to further train the neural network *** comparison of the images compensated by the two sets of neural network models shows that the gray value distribution is more concentrated and uniform. The middle and high frequency components in the spatial spectrum are all increased, indicating that the compensated image edges change faster and are more detailed (Hinton and Salakhutdinov, 2006;LeCun et al., 1998;Mohanty et al., 2016;Zang et al., 2023).Originality/valueIn this paper, the authors use the iterative learning color image pixel crosstalk compensation method to effectively alleviate the incomplete color mixing problem caused by the insufficient filter rate and the electric crosstalk problem caused by the lateral diffusion of the optical charge caused by the adjacent pixel potential trap.

关键词： sensors Robot vision color image sensor Crosstalk compensation for image sensors Iterative neural network

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colorimetric Characterization of color image sensors Based on Convolutional Neural Network Modeling

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sensorS AND MATERIALS 2019年第5期31卷 1513-1522页

作者： Wang, Po-Tong Chou, Jui Jen Tseng, Chiu Wang Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Bioind Mechatron Engn 1Sect 4Roosevelt Rd Taipei 10617 Taiwan Natl Ilan Univ Dept Biomechatron Engn 1Sect 1Shennong Rd Yilan 26047 Yilan County Taiwan

The colorimetric characterization of a color image sensor was developed and modeled using a convolutional neural network (CNN), which is an innovative approach. color image sensors can be incorporated into compact devices to detect the color of objects under a wide range of light sources and brightness. They should be colorimetrically characterized to be suitable for smart industrial colorimeters or light detection. Furthermore, color image sensors can be incorporated into machine vision systems for various industrial applications. However, the red, green, and blue (RGB) signals generated by a color image sensor are device-dependent, which means that different image sensors make different RGB spectrum responses under the same conditions. Moreover, the signals are not colorimetric;that is, output RGB signals are not directly coherent in terms of device-independent tristimulus values, such as CIE XYZ or CIELAB. In this study, the colorimetric mapping of RGB signals and CIELAB tristimulus values by CNN modeling was proposed. After digitalizing an RGB image sensor, characterizing RGB colors in the CIE color space, and CNN modeling for precise accuracy, the colorimetric characterization of color image sensors based on CNN modeling was proved to be superior to that based on 3 x N polynomial regression. Delta E*(ab) was less than 0.5.

关键词： convolutional neural network color image sensor colorimetric characterization

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Spectral Sensitivity Evaluation Considering color Constancy

Spectral Sensitivity Evaluation Considering Color Constancy

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Conference on Digital Photography VIII

作者： Kuniba, Hideyasu Nikon Inc Core Technol Ctr Tokyo 1408601 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819489463

Digital cameras are used under a wide spectrum of illuminants and should adjust the white point according to the illuminant used (white balance correction). The white balance correction makes "white" object be reproduced as "white" but the reproduction of chromatic objects will not necessarily be appropriate (color constancy error). Three types of sensor models were used for the simulation. The error was reduced by a primary conversion that made overlaps and widths of the channels smaller. Thus two new metrics that evaluated the overlaps and the widths were defined and used to optimize the conversion to a color space suitable for white-balancing and it was shown that the color constancy errors were reduced. It was also shown that the color constancy error was small for the sensor model whose overlaps between channels were small and channel widths were narrow. The narrower widths and smaller overlaps of RGB channels gave less accurate colorimetric reproduction but less noisy images. In view of consumer digital cameras, the narrower widths and smaller overlaps of RGB channels is suitable because it can give less noisy images and consistent color reproduction with simple white balance processing.

关键词： color image sensor spectral sensitivity color constancy

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Accelerated Hybrid image Reconstruction for Non-Regular Sampling color sensors

Accelerated Hybrid Image Reconstruction for Non-Regular Samp...

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IEEE Visual Communications and image Processing Conference

作者： Baetz, Michel Eichenseer, Andrea Jonscher, Markus Seiler, Juergen Kaup, Andre Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Multimedia Commun & Signal Proc Cauerstr 7 D-91058 Erlangen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479961399

Increasing the spatial resolution is an ongoing research topic in image processing. A recently presented approach applies a non-regular sampling mask on a low resolution sensor and subsequently reconstructs the masked area via an extrapolation algorithm to obtain a high resolution image. This paper introduces an acceleration of this approach for use with full color sensors. Instead of employing the effective, yet computationally expensive extrapolation algorithm on each of the three RGB channels, a color space conversion is performed and only the luminance channel is then reconstructed using this algorithm. As natural images contain much less information in the chrominance channels, a fast linear interpolation technique can here be used to accelerate the whole reconstruction procedure. Simulation results show that an average speed up factor of 2.9 is thus achieved, while the loss in visual quality stays imperceptible. Comparisons of PSNR results confirm this.

关键词： image Reconstruction Non-Regular Sampling Signal Extrapolation color image sensor color Space Conversion

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