In this paper we have defined proteome signatures of Bacillus subtilis in response to heat, salt, peroxide, and superoxide stress as well as after starvation for ammonium, tryptophan, glucose, and phosphate using the ...
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In this paper we have defined proteome signatures of Bacillus subtilis in response to heat, salt, peroxide, and superoxide stress as well as after starvation for ammonium, tryptophan, glucose, and phosphate using the 2-D gel-based approach. In total, 79 stress-induced and 155 starvation-induced marker proteins were identified including 50% that are not expressed in the vegetative proteome. Fused proteome maps and a color coding approach have been used to define stress-specific regulons that are involved in specific adaptative functions (HrcA for heat, PerR and Fur for oxidative stress, RecA for peroxide, CymR and S-box for superoxide stress). In addition, starvation-specific regulons are defined that are involved in the uptake or utilization of alternative nutrient sources (ThrA, sigma(L)/BkdR for ammonium;tryptophan-activated RNA-binding attenuation protein for tryptophan;CcpA, CcpN, sigma(L)/AcoR for glucose;PhoPR for phosphate starvation). The general stress or starvation proteome signatures include the CtsR, Spx, sigma(L)/RocR, sigma(B), sigma(H), CodY, sigma(F), and sigma(E) regulons. Among these, the Spx-dependent oxidase NfrA was induced by all stress conditions indicating stress-induced protein damages. Finally, a subset of sigma(H)-dependent proteins (sporulation response regulator, YvyD, YtxH, YisK, YuxI, YpiB) and the CodY-dependent aspartyl phosphatase RapA were defined as general starvation proteins that indicate the transition to stationary phase caused by starvation.
Information visualizations - interactive graphical representations of large amounts of abstract data which do not have a natural visual representation - have mainly been used to support information retrieval. This art...
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Information visualizations - interactive graphical representations of large amounts of abstract data which do not have a natural visual representation - have mainly been used to support information retrieval. This article investigates whether information visualizations are also suitable for fostering knowledge acquisition as well as how information visualizations, from a cognitive perspective, have to be designed to be efficient learning tools. An experimental study provided evidence that information visualizations support knowledge acquisition. In addition, with regard to the appropriate design, the empirical results showed that two-dimensional information visualizations are better suited for supporting processes of knowledge acquisition than three-dimensional ones and that color-coded information visualizations slightly increase performance in a knowledge test compared to monochromatic ones. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
BACKGROUND Mapping and ablation of atrial macroreentrant tachycardia focus on activation mapping with identification of the area of stow conduction. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new concept fo...
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BACKGROUND Mapping and ablation of atrial macroreentrant tachycardia focus on activation mapping with identification of the area of stow conduction. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new concept for analysis and treatment of macroreentrant tachycardia based on color-coded three-dimensional (3D) entrainment mapping and subsequent placement of strategic lesion tines. METHODS Twenty-six patients presented with macroreentrant tachycardia (cycle length 329 +/- 70 ms). Using nonfluoroscopic systems (CARTO 12, NavX 14), sequential mapping of the target atrium was performed. On each mapping point, the 3D Location was paired with color-coded entrainment information so that the reentrant circuit could be directly visualized. RESULTS Procedural duration, fluoroscopy time, and radiofrequency time measured 181 +/- 58, 37 +/- 19, and 31 +/- 17 minutes, respectively. Thirty-nine macroreentrant tachycardias were ablated: perimitral 9, around pulmonary vein ostium 6, through left atrial roof 5, around left atrial appendage 3, right atrial cavotricuspid isthmus dependent 6, around right atrial scar 2, around superior vena cava 1, within the septum 5, and within the coronary sinus 2. Tachycardia termination and noninducibility of any macroreentrant tachycardia was the procedural end-point. In case of Left atrial macroreentrant tachycardia, pulmonary vein isolation was completed. Follow-up with serial 7-day Hotter covered 302 82 days. Two (8%) patients experienced recurrences of a pre-treated macroreentrant tachycardia. CONCLUSION In patients with macroreentrant tachycardia, color-coded 3D entrainment mapping is feasible to accurately determine and visualize the 3D location of the reentrant circuit and to plan a strategic ablation tine concept. That approach, not targeting the area of stow conduction of the circuit, resulted in excellent procedural success (100%), with tong-term freedom from any tachycardia recurrences in 88% of patients.
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of order of report on multidimensional stimuli under between-subject and within-subject designs. The two orders of report were Order color/Shape and Order Shap...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642027277
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of order of report on multidimensional stimuli under between-subject and within-subject designs. The two orders of report were Order color/Shape and Order Shape/color. Eighteen participants responded according to the instructed one of the two orders of report in between-subject study. Results showed that response time for Order color/Shape was significantly shorter than Order Shape/color. Order color/Shape, fit the Chinese "adjective then noun" grammar, is more appropriate if people report stimulus attributes in ways consistent with their long-minding language habits. However, another group of eleven participants were required to respond according to task cue alternately in within-subject Study. Results showed that switch cost as indicated by response times increase was greater for Order color/Shape than Order Shape/color (97 msec. vs. 41 msec. for response time for the first stimulus dimension;95 msec. vs. 28 msec. for response time total). Such results didn't support the hypothesis that the switch cost would be greater for Order Shape/color than for Order color/Shape. The order in which the color attribute Should be considered very clearly.
Linear chains of intraplate volcanoes and their geochemistry provide a record of mantle melting through geological time. The isotopic compositions of their lavas characterize their mantle sources, and their ages help ...
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Linear chains of intraplate volcanoes and their geochemistry provide a record of mantle melting through geological time. The isotopic compositions of their lavas characterize their mantle sources, and their ages help backtrack these volcanoes to their original, eruptive source regions. Such data may shed light on a much-debated issue in Earth Sciences: the origin of intraplate volcanism and its underlying mantle and lithosphere dynamics. We show here that three major Western Pacific Seamount groups, similar to 50-100 million years in age, display distinct Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb isotopic signatures that can be traced back in time, both geographically and geochemically, to three separate, recently-active intraplate volcanoes in the South Pacific Cook-Austral Islands. Their unique 100 million year history, which shows a persistent geochemical fingerprint, suggests formation from large volumes of laterally fixed, long-lived source regions. Such longevity is unlikely to be attained in the relatively dynamic upper mantle. Therefore, these sources are likely anchored deep in the mantle, isolated from homogenization by mantle convection, and imply a primary origin from deep mantle plumes rather than resulting from lithosphere extension. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
We obtain faster algorithms for problems such as r-dimensional matching and r-set packing when the size k of the solution is considered a parameter. We first establish a general framework for finding and exploiting sm...
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We obtain faster algorithms for problems such as r-dimensional matching and r-set packing when the size k of the solution is considered a parameter. We first establish a general framework for finding and exploiting small problem kernels (of size polynomial in k). This technique lets us combine Alon, Yuster and Zwick's color-coding technique with dynamic programming to obtain faster fixed-parameter algorithms for these problems. Our algorithms run in time O(n + 2(O(k))), an improvement over previous algorithms for some of these problems running in time O(n + k(O(k))). The flexibility of our approach allows tuning of algorithms to obtain smaller constants in the exponent.
Dynamic volume rendering of the beating heart is an important element in cardiac disease diagnosis and therapy planning, providing the clinician with insight into the internal cardiac structure and functional behavior...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819471024
Dynamic volume rendering of the beating heart is an important element in cardiac disease diagnosis and therapy planning, providing the clinician with insight into the internal cardiac structure and functional behavior. Most clinical applications tend to focus upon a particular set of organ structures, and in the case of cardiac imaging, it would be helpful to embed anatomical features into the dynamic volume that are of particular importance to an intervention. A uniform transfer function (TF), such as is generally employed in volume rendering, cannot effectively isolate such structures because of the lack of spatial information and the small intensity differences between adjacent tissues. Explicit segmentation is a powerful way to approach this problem, which usually yields a single binary mask volume (MV), where a unit value in a voxel within the MV acts as a tag label representing the anatomical structure of interest (ASOI). These labels are used to determine the TF employed to adjust the ASOI display. Traditional approaches for rendering such segmented volumetric datasets usually deliver unsatisfactory results, such as noninteractive rendering speed, low image quality, intermixing artifacts along the rendered subvolume boundaries, and speckle noise. In this paper, we introduce a new "color coding" approach, based on the graphics processing unit (GPU) accelerated raycasting algorithm and a pre-integrated voxel classification method, to address this problem. The mask tag labels derived from segmentation are first smoothed with a Gaussian filter, and multiple TFs are designed for each of the MVs and the source cardiac volume respectively, mapping the voxel's intensity to color and opacity at each sampling point along the casting ray. The resultant values are composited together using a boundary color adjustment technique, which acts as "coding" the segmented anatomical structure information into the rendered source volume of the beating heart. Our algorithm produce
We propose an embedded 3-D wavelet based video coding technique with reduced complexity. The key idea is the use of a composite block-tree hierarchical structure to link blocks of wavelet coefficients in spatial, temp...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424427505
We propose an embedded 3-D wavelet based video coding technique with reduced complexity. The key idea is the use of a composite block-tree hierarchical structure to link blocks of wavelet coefficients in spatial, temporal and color planes in such a way that a large number of the insignificant sets are coded together. The proposed technique integrates the set partitioning strategies of hierarchical trees and blocks into a single algorithm, resulting in improvement in the coding efficiency and reduction in the computational complexity. Simulation results show the performance improvement in coding efficiency and up to 50% reduction in the computational complexity over the 3-D SPIHT video coder.
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