Unclear labeling has been recognized as an important cause of look-alike medication errors. The aim of this literature review is to systematically evaluate the current evidence on strategies to minimize medication err...
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Unclear labeling has been recognized as an important cause of look-alike medication errors. The aim of this literature review is to systematically evaluate the current evidence on strategies to minimize medication errors due to look-alike labels. A literature search of PubMed and EMBASE for all available years was performed independently by two reviewers. Original studies assessing strategies to minimize medication errors due to look-alike labels focusing on readability of labels by health professionals or consumers were included. Data were analyzed descriptively due to the variability of study methods. Sixteen studies were included. Thirteen studies were performed in a laboratory and three in a healthcare setting. Eleven studies evaluated Tall Man lettering, i.e., capitalizing parts of the drug name, two color-coding, and three studies other strategies. In six studies, lower error rates were found for the Tall Man letter strategy;one showed significantly higher error rates. Effects of Tall Man lettering on response time were more varied. A study in the hospital setting did not show an effect on the potential look-alike sound-alike error rate by introducing Tall Man lettering. color-coding had no effect on the prevention of syringe-swaps in one study. Studies performed in laboratory settings showed that Tall Man lettering contributed to a better readability of medication labels. Only few studies evaluated other strategies such as color-coding. More evidence, especially from real-life setting is needed to support safe labeling strategies.
Research on the similarity of a graph to being a tree-called the treewidth of the graph-has seen an enormous rise within the last decade, but a practically fast algorithm for this task has been discovered only recentl...
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Research on the similarity of a graph to being a tree-called the treewidth of the graph-has seen an enormous rise within the last decade, but a practically fast algorithm for this task has been discovered only recently by Tamaki (ESA 2017). It is based on dynamic programming and makes use of the fact that the number of positive subinstances is typically substantially smaller than the number of all subinstances. Algorithms producing only such subinstances are called positive-instance driven (PID). The parameter treedepth has a similar story. It was popularized through the graph sparsity project and is theoretically well understood-but the first practical algorithm was discovered only recently by Trimble (IPEC 2020) and is based on the same paradigm. We give an alternative and unifying view on such algorithms from the perspective of the corresponding configuration graphs in certain two-player games. This results in a single algorithm that can compute a wide range of important graph parameters such as treewidth, pathwidth, and treedepth. We complement this algorithm with a novel randomized data structure that accelerates the enumeration of subproblems in positive-instance driven algorithms.
Electrophysiologically, color-opponent retinal bipolar cells respond with opposite polarities tb stimulation with different wavelengths of light. The origin of these different polarities in the same bipolar cell has a...
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Electrophysiologically, color-opponent retinal bipolar cells respond with opposite polarities tb stimulation with different wavelengths of light. The origin of these different polarities in the same bipolar cell has always been a mystery. Here we show that an intracellularly recorded and HRP-injected, red-ON, blue/green-OFF bipolar cell of the turtle retina made invaginating (ribbon associated) synapses exclusively with L-cones. Non-invaginating synapses resembling wide-cleft basal junctions were made exclusively with M-cones. Input from S-cones was not seen. From these results we suggest sign-inverting transmission from L-cones at invaginating synapses via metabotropic glutamate receptors, and sign-conserving transmission from M-cones at wide-cleft basal junctions via ionotropic receptors. To explain the pronounced blue sensitivity of the bipolar cell. computer simulations were performed using a sign-conserving input from a yellow/blue chromaticity-type (H3) horizontal cell. The response properties of the red-ON, blue/green-OFF bipolar cell could be quantitatively reproduced by this means. The simulation also explained the asymmetry in L- and M-cone inputs to the bipolar cell as found in the ultrastructural analysis and assigned a putative role to H3 horizontal cells in color processing in the turtle retina.
As a prominent visual phenomenon, the color environment influences the landscape design of the Lingnan region in three aspects: shape, color, and texture. The purpose of this paper is to examine the landscape nature o...
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color plays a key role in human vision but the neural machinery that underlies the transformation from stimulus to perception is not well understood. Here, we implemented a two-dimensional network model of the first s...
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color plays a key role in human vision but the neural machinery that underlies the transformation from stimulus to perception is not well understood. Here, we implemented a two-dimensional network model of the first stages in the primate parvocellular pathway (retina, lateral geniculate nucleus and layer 4C beta in V1) consisting of conductance-based point neurons. Model parameters were tuned based on physiological and anatomical data from the primate foveal and parafoveal vision, the most relevant visual field areas for color vision. We exhaustively benchmarked the model against well-established chromatic and achromatic visual stimuli, showing spatial and temporal responses of the model to disk-and ring-shaped light flashes, spatially uniform squares and sine-wave gratings of varying spatial frequency. The spatiotemporal patterns of parvocellular cells and cortical cells are consistent with their classification into chromatically single-opponent and double-opponent groups, and nonopponent cells selective for luminance stimuli. The model was implemented in the widely used neural simulation tool NEST and released as open source software. The aim of our modeling is to provide a biologically realistic framework within which a broad range of neuronal interactions can be examined at several different levels, with a focus on understanding how color information is processed.
This paper presents an efficient method for a smart blood management system, called Intelligent Blood Management System (IBMS) that intends to provide a efficient and a real time coordination of blood management withi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538674765
This paper presents an efficient method for a smart blood management system, called Intelligent Blood Management System (IBMS) that intends to provide a efficient and a real time coordination of blood management within a blood bank as well as to establish great communication amongst multiple blood banks. This system uses an unique and a economical concept of using the weight detecting sensors along with image processing that can efficiently track the quantity of the different blood groups (using colour coding mechanism) in all the associated blood banks, using Cloud connectivity. It uses an internal management analytic that always takes care of the availability of blood and using predetermined logic that can pre populate a blood bank based on the highest frequency of the need of a certain blood in an area. This system has an integration of user interaction also, where users and even hospitals can make requests for blood through the app (including app verification). The mobile application helps users to connect with the system including the fastest way to reach the blood bank and even live tracking if the blood is to be delivered from the bank to the hospital and more.
Increasing the resilience of mission-essential functions enabled by space assets and their supporting infrastructure against disruption, degradation, and destruction is a stated goal of the National Space Policy of th...
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Increasing the resilience of mission-essential functions enabled by space assets and their supporting infrastructure against disruption, degradation, and destruction is a stated goal of the National Space Policy of the United States of America. However, enhancing the resilience of U.S. space capabilities must occur in a financially constrained environment. The Air Force has tasked RAND with developing a framework for identifying effective and economically feasible on-materiel measures for increasing the resilience of its space assets. As part of that effort, RAND researchers conducted a review of industry methods for evaluating the materiel elements of space resilience and used concepts from those methods to develop a process for evaluating then on-materiel resilience of a system. The process and tool we developed Resilience Assessment Process and Portfolio Option Reporting Tool, or RAPAPORT have broad applications to any organization seeking to enhance resilience, as well as to those specifically in the space community.
Communication with other road users is very essential for autonomous as they might drive slower and the person on the driver's seat does not necessarily look on the street. To evaluate exterior displays, we build ...
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Communication with other road users is very essential for autonomous as they might drive slower and the person on the driver's seat does not necessarily look on the street. To evaluate exterior displays, we build a full-scale mock-up with a RGB LEDs matrix display with 80 cm × 40 cm (128 × 64 pixel). Even text with a height of 10 cm was judged as readable from 50 m distance. Other results were the identification of signs with 40 cm height from 50 m. This is in accordance with common traffic sign standards.
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