Digital learning increasingly makes use of realistic visualizations, although realism can be demanding for learners. color coding is a popular way of helping learners understand visualizations and has been found to ai...
详细信息
Digital learning increasingly makes use of realistic visualizations, although realism can be demanding for learners. color coding is a popular way of helping learners understand visualizations and has been found to aid in learning with detailed visualizations. However, previous research has shown that color coding must not always be an effective aid, and that it even may reduce retention when used with simple visualizations. This study assessed whether the presence of color coding in learning tests has an effect after having learned using a detailed visualization that either featured color cues or one that did not. The results indicate that color coding helps learners the most if the learning tests also feature color coding. Importantly, learning with color-coded visualizations and being tested without color cues leads to the worst results in retention and transfer tests. Regarding transfer, color coding in the testing visualization boosts performance regardless of the presence of color cues in the learning phase. The results of this study challenge popular perspectives aiming at optimizing learning by removing potential sources of difficulty. Depending on the learning test, it may be more effective to keep a certain level of difficulty in the learning task when learning with digital media.
In this paper, we first introduce three different geometric features including shape index, curvedness and sphericity ratio, for colonic polyp detection. A new color coding scheme is designed to highlight the detected...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9780819466327
In this paper, we first introduce three different geometric features including shape index, curvedness and sphericity ratio, for colonic polyp detection. A new color coding scheme is designed to highlight the detected polyps, and help radiologists to distinguish them from other tissues more easily. The key idea is to place the detected polyp candidates at the same locations in a newly created polygonal dataset with exactly the same topological and geometrical properties as the triangulated mesh surface of real colon dataset, and assign different colors to the two separated datasets to highlight the polyps. Finally, we validate the proposed polyp detection framework and color coding scheme by computer simulated and real colon datasets. For sixteen synthetic polyps with different shapes and different sizes, the sensitivity is 100%, and false positive is 0.
Objective To study the color coding requirements of displayed information in see-through displays during aeromarine fight. Methods One hundred and fifteen fighter pilots participated in the experiment. In virtue of co...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9789811062322;9789811062315
Objective To study the color coding requirements of displayed information in see-through displays during aeromarine fight. Methods One hundred and fifteen fighter pilots participated in the experiment. In virtue of color coding experimental procedure for see-through displays information in fighters, pilots selected colors for the display elements in the route and combat flight menu. Results (1) The pilots' color coding requirements of flight course menu were that green was the main color, longtime displayed and normal information was inclined to be green, dangerous and overrun information was inclined to be red, and latent dangerous and needing pilots' attention information was inclined to be yellow. (2) The pilots' color coding requirements of combat menu were that green was the main color, longtime displayed and attackable information was inclined to be green, and unattackable and overrun information was inclined to be red. Conclusions The pilots' color coding requirements for see-through displays in aeromarine flight were that green was the main color;longtime displayed and normal and attackable information was inclined to be green;dangerous, overrun, and unattackable information was inclined to be red;latent dangerous and needing pilots' attention information was inclined to be yellow. Above conclusions were only primary, and subjective and objective researches should be conducted later, so as to deeply verify the rationality of pilots' requirements.
Objectives, purpose, or aim: We report a two-part wayfinding intervention, considering four quality criteria (visibility, usability, efficiency and overall effectiveness) from staff perspectives. Background: Few studi...
详细信息
Objectives, purpose, or aim: We report a two-part wayfinding intervention, considering four quality criteria (visibility, usability, efficiency and overall effectiveness) from staff perspectives. Background: Few studies to date have explored wayfinding in the Emergency Department (ED). Yet, as ED usage continues to grow, effective wayfinding in these high-stress, fast-paced environments is likely to become increasingly important. At an adult ED located in the U.S. Southeast, wayfinding has been a persistent problem. We subsequently developed a two-part wayfinding intervention: colored routes to key destinations in the ED and corresponding visitor badges. Methods: Quality criteria were formulated using the Donabedian model: visibility (structure), usability (process), efficiency (process), and overall effectiveness (outcome). Assessments consisted of staff surveys, which were distributed from March to early April 2019. Results: The strong ratings across quality criteria, added to affirmative comments from staff, provide evidence that the color coding system made a positive impact on wayfinding. Conclusions: While the results should be generalized with caution, the two-part intervention may be highly portable to other contexts. Future studies might examine the effect of colored routes alone. They might illuminate relations between structure, process, and outcomes as they relate to the assessment of wayfinding. They might also expand wayfinding quality criteria. Ultimately, such studies should improve not only the productivity but also the accessibility and user experience of the ED.
We address the problem of computing the distribution of induced connected subgraphs, aka graphlets or motifs, in large graphs. The current state-of-the-art algorithms estimate the motif counts via uniform sampling by ...
详细信息
We address the problem of computing the distribution of induced connected subgraphs, aka graphlets or motifs, in large graphs. The current state-of-the-art algorithms estimate the motif counts via uniform sampling by leveraging the color coding technique by Alon, Yuster, and Zwick. In this work, we extend the applicability of this approach by introducing a set of algorithmic optimizations and techniques that reduce the running time and space usage of color coding and improve the accuracy of the counts. To this end, we first show how to optimize color coding to efficiently build a compact table of a representative subsample of all graphlets in the input graph. For 8-node motifs, we can build such a table in one hour for a graph with 65M nodes and 1.8B edges, which is 2,000 times larger than the state of the art. We then introduce a novel adaptive sampling scheme that breaks the "additive error barrier" of uniform sampling, guaranteeing multiplicative approximations instead of just additive ones. This allows us to count not only the most frequent motifs, but also extremely rare ones. For instance, on one graph we accurately count nearly 10.000 distinct 8-node motifs whose relative frequency is so small that uniform sampling would literally take centuries to find them. Our results show that color coding is still the most promising approach to scalable motif counting.
color coding is an algorithmic technique used in parameterized complexity theory to detect "small" structures inside graphs. The idea is to derandomize algorithms that first randomly color a graph and then s...
详细信息
color coding is an algorithmic technique used in parameterized complexity theory to detect "small" structures inside graphs. The idea is to derandomize algorithms that first randomly color a graph and then search for an easily-detectable, small color pattern. We transfer color coding to the world of descriptive complexity theory by characterizing-purely in terms of the syntactic structure of describing formulas-when the powerful second-order quantifiers representing a random coloring can be replaced by equivalent, simple first-order formulas. Building on this result, we identify syntactic properties of first-order quantifiers that can be eliminated from formulas describing parameterized problems. The result applies to many packing and embedding problems, but also to the long path problem. Together with a new result on the parameterized complexity of formula families involving only a fixed number of variables, we get that many problems lie in FPT just because of the way they are commonly described using logical formulas.
This study derives and validates a color-coding concept for system states in icon-based displays for supervisory control of multiple unmanned aircraft systems. In aviation, safe indications are typically coded with gr...
详细信息
This study derives and validates a color-coding concept for system states in icon-based displays for supervisory control of multiple unmanned aircraft systems. In aviation, safe indications are typically coded with green, caution indications with amber and warnings with red. This study proposes to adjust the salience of indications according to their intended urgency. For this purpose, a numerical measure for target salience was developed based on findings from the visual search literature. The measure uses differences in color space between target, distractor and background colors to estimate target salience. The measure is computed by dividing the color difference between target and distractor by the color difference between distractor and background and multiplying the result by the division of the target-distractor and distractor-background color differences. The resulting target salience value increases when decreasing the difference between distractor and background color as well as increasing differences between target and distractor and target and background colors. The results from applying the target salience measure suggest to code safe indications with grey instead of green, caution indications with yellow and warning and advisory indications with red and cyan, respectively. Two visual search experiments were conducted to validate the target salience measure and the proposed color-coding concept. Experiment one (n = 32) was a within-subject design comparing reaction time differences between yellow and amber targets among green and grey distractors for four set size conditions. Experiment two (n = 62) was a mixed-subject design comparing reaction time differences between red, yellow and cyan targets among grey and green distractors for four set size and 18 eccentricity conditions. The results show that target saliences diminish with increasing distractor salience, which could particularly be observed for yellow targets among green distractors. Red and yel
In the traditional non-invasive load monitoring (NILM) algorithms, the identification accuracy is enhanced with the increased network scale while sacrificing the calculation speed, which restricts the efficiency of th...
详细信息
In the traditional non-invasive load monitoring (NILM) algorithms, the identification accuracy is enhanced with the increased network scale while sacrificing the calculation speed, which restricts the efficiency of the load identification. In this study, a multi-feature (active/reactive power and current peak-to-peak value) fusion algorithm is proposed, which can achieve enhanced identification accuracy with a smaller network scale while maintaining the calculation speed. The features of the power and current amplitudes of the loads are transformed into the values of red-green-blue (RGB) color channels by color coding and then fused into the V-I trajectory features. After that, the true-color feature image with higher discrimination is generated and input into the convolutional neural network (CNN). The testing results on the PLAID data set indicate that in comparison with the traditional load identification algorithm, the algorithm proposed in this study performs higher identification accuracy with a smaller neural network parameter scale, which significantly improves the identification efficiency.
暂无评论