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Spectral response properties of higher visual neurons in Drosophila melanogaster

JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY 2020年第2期206卷 217-232页

作者： Yonekura, Taro Yamauchi, Junji Morimoto, Takako Seki, Yoichi Tokyo Univ Pharm & Life Sci Sch Life Sci Lab Mol Neurosci & Neurol 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji Tokyo 1920392 Japan

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster can process chromatic information for true color vision and spectral preference. Spectral information is initially detected by a few distinct photoreceptor channels with different spectral sensitivities and is processed through the visual circuit. The neuroanatomical bases of the circuit are emerging. However, only little information is available in chromatic response properties of higher visual neurons from this important model organism. We used in vivo whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in response to monochromatic light stimuli ranging from 300 to 650 nm with 25-nm steps. We characterized the chromatic response of 33 higher visual neurons, including their general response type and their wavelength tuning. color-opponent-type responses that had been typically observed in primates and bees were not identified. Instead, the majority of neurons showed excitatory responses to broadband wavelengths. The UV (300-375 nm) and middle wavelength (425-575 nm) ranges could be separated at the population level owing to neurons that preferentially responded to a specific wavelength range. Our results provide a first mapping of chromatic information processing in higher visual neurons of D. melanogaster that is a suitable model for exploring how color-opponent neural mechanisms are implemented in the visual circuits.

关键词： color vision Optic lobe color opponency color coding Insect brain

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Comparing Design Preference of Guide Road Signs by Native Arabic Speakers and International Speakers in the State of Qatar

Comparing Design Preference of Guide Road Signs by Native Ar...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM)

作者： Mahgoub, A. O. Choe, P. Qatar Univ Coll Engn Doha Qatar

ISBN: (纸本)9781538672204

Guide road signs are used to help drivers. These signs should be designed properly and provided effectively to maximize the transmitted information in a short time in driving. The design of guide road signs should be made carefully when multi-languages are used, which is the case of Qatar. To compare the preference of a guide road sign design between different language speakers, an online survey was conducted. Participants rated a design using a 7-Likert scale. They preferred road signs having a background of different colors and a vertical text layout. A group t-test was conducted for comparisons between native Arabic speakers and international speakers whose native language is not Arabic. The results showed that there is no significant difference between the two groups. Based on the result, the proposed design can be effectively used for all drivers regardless of their native language in Qatar.

关键词： color coding cross-language comparison guide road sign human factors information display road safety

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EDITING TO CONNECTED F-DEGREE GRAPH

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SIAM JOURNAL ON DISCRETE MATHEMATICS 2019年第2期33卷 795-836页

作者： Fomin, Fedor, V Golovach, Petr Panolan, Fahad Saurabh, Saket Univ Bergen Dept Informat N-5020 Bergen Norway HBNI Inst Math Sci Chennai 600113 Tamil Nadu India Univ Bergen N-5020 Bergen Norway

IN THE EDGE EDITING TO CONNECTED f-DEGREE GRAPH problem we are given a graph G, an integer k, and a function f assigning integers to vertices of G. The task is to decide whether there is a connected graph F on the same vertex set as G, such that for every vertex v, its degree in F is f(v), and the number of edges in E(G)Delta E(F), the symmetric difference of E(G) and E(F), is at most k. We show that EDGE EDITING TO CONNECTED f-DEGREE GRAPH is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) by providing an algorithm solving the problem on an n-vertex graph in time 2(n)(O(k))(O (1)). We complement this result by showing that the weighted version of the problem with costs 1 and 0 is W[1]-hard when parameterized by k and the maximum value of f even when the input graph is a tree. Our FPT algorithm is based on a nontrivial combination of color-coding and fast computations of representative families over the direct sum matroid of l-elongation of the co-graphic matroid associated with G and a uniform matroid over the set of nonedges of G. We believe that this combination could be useful in designing parameterized algorithms for other edge editing and connectivity problems.

关键词： connected f-factor graph editing problem FPT representative family color coding matroids

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Randomised Enumeration of Small Witnesses Using a Decision Oracle

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ALGORITHMICA 2019年第2期81卷 519-540页

作者： Meeks, Kitty Univ Glasgow Sch Comp Sci Sir Alwyn Williams Bldg Glasgow G12 8RZ Lanark Scotland

Many combinatorial problems involve determining whether a universe of n elements contains a witness consisting of k elements which have some specified property. In this paper we investigate the relationship between the decision and enumeration versions of such problems: efficient methods are known for transforming a decision algorithm into a search procedure that finds a single witness, but even finding a second witness is not so straightforward in general. We show that, if the decision version of the problem can be solved in time f(k) . poly(n), there is a randomised algorithm which enumerates all witnesses in time e(k+o(k)) . f(k) . poly(n) . N, where N is the total number of witnesses. If the decision version of the problem is solved by a randomised algorithm which may return false negatives, then the same method allows us to output a list of witnesses in which any given witness will be included with high probability. The enumeration algorithm also gives rise to an efficient algorithm to count the total number of witnesses when this number is small.

关键词： Enumeration algorithms Parameterized complexity Randomized algorithms Approximate enumeration color coding

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The art of color coding for three dimensional diagnostic mapping of unusual cardiothoracic vascular abnormalities

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY 2013年第3期166卷 E68-E74页

作者： Saremi, Farhood Hakim, Anoushiravan Saremi, Arvin Bai, Chester Univ So Calif Dept Radiol Image Proc Lab Los Angeles CA 90033 USA

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CDFM-based Secure & Efficient Architecture for Data Management in Cloud Computing 2

CDFM-based Secure & Efficient Architecture for Data Manageme...

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2nd International Conference on Intelligent Communication and Computational Techniques (ICCT)

作者： Singh, Muskaan Kumar, Ravinder Chana, Inderveer Thapar Inst Engn & Technol TIET Patiala Punjab India

ISBN: (纸本)9781728117119

Cloud has become a prominent technology of data storage and computation. This allows user and institutions to depend on Cloud providers for storage and computing to offer system as a service. The growing significance of extensive acquisition and adoption of cloud computing have imposed security assurance on cloud. Security assurance provides integrity, confidentiality and reliability of data by performing computation and retrieving in compliance with the cloud providers. The storage, processing and managing of data for complex application becomes cumbersome and burdensome on cloud provider platforms. A management mechanism is required to manage the resources and reduce the complexity for maximizing performance with minimum human intervention. Even handling security threats occurring with varying workloads and failures in cloud environment is entailed. Motivated from this self management mechanism, we proposed a novel Cuckoo-based Data Fragmentation and Metadata (CDFM) secure and efficient approach. It manages the complex data of Translation and retrieves the translated data securely. In this work, cuckoo pools divide the data into different number of fragments and send it to different data pools. Data pools first encrypt the data fragment and assign color code to this encrypted fragment and then prepare indexing according to this color coding. The performance analysis, exhibit higher performance than existing approach for security and data fragmentation in cloud scenario.

关键词： Cloud MTS Cuckoo Data Management Encryption Fragmentation Metadata color coding

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56.3:Invited Paper:Exterior Displays for Autonomous Cars: Technologies, Icons, Evaluation

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SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 2022年第S1期53卷

作者： Karlheinz Blankenbach Nadine Nowak Display Lab Pforzheim University Pforzheim Germany

Communication with other road users is very essential for autonomous as they might drive slower and the person on the driver's seat does not necessarily look on the street. To evaluate exterior displays, we build a full-scale mock-up with a RGB LEDs matrix display with 80 cm × 40 cm (128 × 64 pixel). Even text with a height of 10 cm was judged as readable from 50 m distance. Other results were the identification of signs with 40 cm height from 50 m. This is in accordance with common traffic sign standards.

关键词： Automotive exterior displays legibility LED e-paper HMI color coding autonomous driving

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color-coding and phase-shift method for absolute phase measurement

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OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS 2013年 298卷 54-58页

作者： Chen, Xiangcheng Lu, Chao Ma, Mengchao Mao, Xuesong Mei, Tao Univ Sci & Technol China Dept Precis Machinery & Precis Instrumentat Hefei 230026 Anhui Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Adv Mfg Technol Hefei 230088 Anhui Peoples R China

In this paper, a novel color-coding method for absolute phase measurement is proposed. A three steps phase-shift algorithm was adopted to calculate the relative phase (wrapped phase) because of the least need of images. color strips were used to mark each 2 pi phase-change period and three neighboring colors as a group were used as codewords to identify the fringe orders. With the two parts, relative phase and fringe orders, the absolute phase can be obtained directly. We selected five colors (black, red, green, blue, and white) to test our algorithm, and nearly 60 different codewords were embedded in one image. The fringe orders and the relative phase are calculated simultaneously, and this algorithm can circumvent the phase unwrapping process. Moreover, errors will not diffuse, because the relative phase and fringe orders are uncorrelated. Besides, no need of unwrapping processing will lead to high speed in 3D profile measurement. In addition, large object can be measured with high precision using this method owe to enormous codewords can be embedded in one color image. One experiment with a small object and a big complex object was designed to test the algorithm for separate objects, and experimental results showed the validity of our algorithm for absolute phase measurement. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： color coding Codewords 3D profile measurement Absolute phase measurement Phase unwrapping Wrapped phase

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Realistic details in visualizations require color cues to foster retention

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COMPUTERS & EDUCATION 2018年第Jul.期122卷 23-31页

作者： Skulmowski, Alexander Rey, Guenter Daniel Tech Univ Chemnitz Psychol Learning Digital Media Str Nationen 12 D-09111 Chemnitz Germany

Research on visualizations suggests that realism can be distracting and cognitively demanding, thereby lowering learning performance. These results have been explained using cognitive load theory, assuming that realistic details act as unnecessary mental load. Recent findings from disfluency research, however, imply that under certain circumstances harder-to-perceive learning materials are able to keep learners' attention focused and trigger them to invest more effort. We contrasted these conflicting results by assessing the role of realistic details on learning. For the study, we generated a fictional bone model and varied the level of arbitrary detail (low vs. high). As previous research has revealed positive effects of color coding on visual attention, we used color coding as a second experimental factor (with vs. without) and hypothesized that color coding will primarily help participants learning with a detailed model. We conducted a 2 x 2 factorial between-subjects study (n = 108) and found an interaction between the level of detail and color coding: Highly detailed renderings result in a high retention performance when color coding is available, while color coding on a low-detail model even lowered retention scores. These findings suggest that realistic visualizations require appropriate visual aids in order to be effective.

关键词： Visualizations Realism Disfluency Cognitive load color coding

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color encoding in biologically-inspired convolutional neural networks

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VISION RESEARCH 2018年 151卷 7-17页

作者： Rafegas, Ivet Vanrell, Maria Univ Autonoma Barcelona Comp Vis Ctr Edif OCampus UAB Bellaterra Barcelona Spain

Convolutional Neural Networks have been proposed as suitable frameworks to model biological vision. Some of these artificial networks showed representational properties that rival primate performances in object recognition. In this paper we explore how color is encoded in a trained artificial network. It is performed by estimating a color selectivity index for each neuron, which allows us to describe the neuron activity to a color input stimuli. The index allows us to classify whether they are color selective or not and if they are of a single or double color. We have determined that all five convolutional layers of the network have a large number of color selective neurons. color opponency clearly emerges in the first layer, presenting 4 main axes (Black-White, Red Cyan, Blue-Yellow and Magenta-Green), but this is reduced and rotated as we go deeper into the network. In layer 2 we find a denser hue sampling of color neurons and opponency is reduced almost to one new main axis, the Bluish-Orangish coinciding with the dataset bias. In layers 3, 4 and 5 color neurons are similar amongst themselves, presenting different type of neurons that detect specific colored objects (e.g., orangish faces), specific surrounds (e.g., blue sky) or specific colored or contrasted object-surround configurations (e.g. blue blob in a green surround). Overall, our work concludes that color and shape representation are successively entangled through all the layers of the studied network, revealing certain parallelisms with the reported evidences in primate brains that can provide useful insight into intermediate hierarchical spatio-chromatic representations.

关键词： color coding Computer vision Deep learning Convolutional neural networks

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