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Finding and Counting Tree-Like Subgraphs Using MapReduce

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTI-SCALE COMPUTING SYSTEMS 2018年第3期4卷 217-230页

作者： Zhao, Zhao Chen, Langshi Avram, Mihai Li, Meng Wang, Guanying Butt, Ali Khan, Maleq Marathe, Madhav Qiu, Judy Vullikanti, Anil Virginia Tech Biocomplex Inst Network Dynam & Simulat Sci Lab Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Virginia Tech Dept Comp Sci Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Indiana Univ Dept Comp Sci Bloomington IN 47405 USA Google Inc Mountain View CA 94043 USA Texas A&M Univ Kingsville Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Kingsville TX 78363 USA Indiana Univ Intelligent Syst Engn Dept Bloomington IN 47405 USA

Several variants of the subgraph isomorphism problem, e.g., finding, counting, and estimating frequencies of subgraphs in networks arise in a number of real world applications, such as web analysis, disease diffusion prediction, and social network analysis. These problems are computationally challenging in having to scale to very large networks with millions of vertices. In this paper, we present SAHAD, a MapReduce algorithm for detecting and counting trees of bounded size using the elegant color coding technique developed by N. Alon et al. SAHAD is a randomized algorithm, and we show rigorous bounds on the approximation quality and the performance of it. SAHAD scales to very large networks comprising of 10(7) - 10(8) vertices and 10(8) - 10(9) edges and tree-like (acyclic) templates with up to 12 vertices. Further, we extend our results by implementing SAHAD in the Harp framework, which is more of a high performance computing environment. The new implementation gives 100x improvement in performance over the standard Hadoop implementation and achieves better performance than state-of-the-art MPI solutions on larger graphs.

关键词： Subgraph isomorphism color coding approximation algorithm MapReduce Hadoop harp

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Differential color coding of surgical margins in mastectomy specimens

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JOURNAL OF HISTOTECHNOLOGY 2012年第2期35卷 59-62页

作者： Mohan, Harsh Jindal, Shivani Punia, Rajpal S. Govt Med Coll & Hosp Dept Pathol Sect 32 Chandigarh India

Application of suture marks or clips for specimen orientation is routine for operating surgeons. However, it is impossible for a pathologist to reproduce these in the final sections. In most laboratories a single dye is employed to paint the surgical margins. It helps to assess complete/incomplete excision of a tumor. However, many times, several margins need to be studied together, especially in larger resection specimens. This study was undertaken to assess fabric dyes, which can be employed for marking surgical margins, for their reproducibility, safety, reliability, ease of application and cost. Multiple color coding was done on 24 mastectomy specimens and the results recorded and compared.

关键词： color coding Mastectomy Resection limits Surgical pathology

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A Neuronal Network Model of the Primate Visual System: color Mechanisms in the Retina, LGN and V1

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEURAL SYSTEMS 2019年第2期29卷 1850036-1850036页

作者： Martinez-Canada, Pablo Morillas, Christian Pelayo, Francisco Univ Granada Dept Comp Architecture & Technol Granada Spain Univ Granada CITIC Granada Spain

color plays a key role in human vision but the neural machinery that underlies the transformation from stimulus to perception is not well understood. Here, we implemented a two-dimensional network model of the first stages in the primate parvocellular pathway (retina, lateral geniculate nucleus and layer 4C beta in V1) consisting of conductance-based point neurons. Model parameters were tuned based on physiological and anatomical data from the primate foveal and parafoveal vision, the most relevant visual field areas for color vision. We exhaustively benchmarked the model against well-established chromatic and achromatic visual stimuli, showing spatial and temporal responses of the model to disk-and ring-shaped light flashes, spatially uniform squares and sine-wave gratings of varying spatial frequency. The spatiotemporal patterns of parvocellular cells and cortical cells are consistent with their classification into chromatically single-opponent and double-opponent groups, and nonopponent cells selective for luminance stimuli. The model was implemented in the widely used neural simulation tool NEST and released as open source software. The aim of our modeling is to provide a biologically realistic framework within which a broad range of neuronal interactions can be examined at several different levels, with a focus on understanding how color information is processed.

关键词： Primate visual system computational model color coding population dynamics parvocellular pathway red-green opponency retina LGN primary visual cortex V1

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Intelligent Blood Management System

Intelligent Blood Management System

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IEEE Bombay Section Signature Conference (IBSSC)

作者： Mitesh Sarode Ayush Ghanekar Sahil Krishnadas Yash Patil Manish Parmar Sardar Patel Institute of Technology Mumbai India

ISBN: (纸本)9781538674765

This paper presents an efficient method for a smart blood management system, called Intelligent Blood Management System (IBMS) that intends to provide a efficient and a real time coordination of blood management within a blood bank as well as to establish great communication amongst multiple blood banks. This system uses an unique and a economical concept of using the weight detecting sensors along with image processing that can efficiently track the quantity of the different blood groups (using colour coding mechanism) in all the associated blood banks, using Cloud connectivity. It uses an internal management analytic that always takes care of the availability of blood and using predetermined logic that can pre populate a blood bank based on the highest frequency of the need of a certain blood in an area. This system has an integration of user interaction also, where users and even hospitals can make requests for blood through the app (including app verification). The mobile application helps users to connect with the system including the fastest way to reach the blood bank and even live tracking if the blood is to be delivered from the bank to the hospital and more.

关键词： Smart blood management Image Processing Blood bank Cloud Database color coding Blood Banking Blood Image processing color ENcoding Blood Groups MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Consumers user-computer interaction

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Feeling a little blue: Problems with the symbol color blue for see-through displays and an alternative color solution

Feeling a little blue: Problems with the symbol color blue f...

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Conference on Degraded Environments - Sensing, Processing, and Display

作者： Moffitt, Kirk Browne, Michael P. 79245 Camino Oro La Quinta CA 92253 USA SA Photonics 120 Knowles Dr Los Gatos CA 95032 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781510617964

ISBN: (纸本)9781510617964

The color blue is problematic for inclusion in a symbology color set for use by operators with head-up and helmetmounted displays (HUDs and HMDs), as well as with augmented reality (AR) displays. The distinguishing feature of these see-through displays is the optical combiner that presents color-coded symbology combined with the forward realworld scene. Unlike head-down displays that can use color fills, see-through displays are limited to lines and text. The presence of high-ambient daylight can desaturate symbol colors and make them difficult to recognize. This is especially true for blue symbols that become faint and colorless in moderate daylight as well as when mixed with green nightvision imagery. We propose the alternative color blue prime (blue')-a mix of 100% blue and 50% green that lies between blue and cyan-as an alternative to blue. The color blue' is more resistant to daylight than blue, yet still retains the color name "blue." Blue' lags other colors such as green and white in visibility, and its use needs to be moderated. We present experimental data to support the use of blue' as a basic color code.

关键词： color coding symbology text helmet-mounted display head-up display visibility tolerance color naming text legibility color set blue prime

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Embedded Foot Plantar Classification System Using Raspberry Pi

Embedded Foot Plantar Classification System Using Raspberry ...

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International Workshop on Advanced Image Technology (IWAIT)

作者： Niemhom, Anyamanee Keatsamarn, Tanapon Pintavirooj, Chuchart King Mongkuts Inst Technol Ladkrabang Fac Engn Biomed Engn Program Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781538626153

Foot plantar classification is crucial to prevent dangers to patient's health that originated from an abnormal type of foot. When patients comprehend their type of foot, they will be able to form personal insole to prevent a hazard. On the contrary, some patients who ignore their risk will possibly have the problem. We design the system to classify type of foot by measuring foot pressure and foot curvature. For the software, we use webcams to capture the foot images that will be further processed by Raspberry Pi with OpenCV and color coding which correspond to foot pressure. For the hardware system, we use the component which is inexpensive and easily available. The hardware structure is composed of steel as a base where the transparent acrylic plate and glossy white paper is placed on. The black polypropylene sheet covering on the uppermost is used to block light from outside. Aligned on the side of the transparent acrylic plate LED strip is used for light source for the system. Underneath the steel base there are four webcams which is used to record feet images (two webcams for each foot). The images are sent to Raspberry Pi for image processing and displaying. The system is able to classify three types of the foot for patients including normal foot, high arch foot, and flat foot.

关键词： Foot Pressure Image Processing color coding

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24th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD)

作者： Conte, Alessio Ferraro, Gaspare Grossi, Roberto Marino, Andrea Sadakane, Kunihiko Uno, Takeaki Natl Inst Informat Tokyo Japan Univ Pisa Pisa Italy Univ Tokyo Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450355520

We study node similarity in labeled networks, using the label sequences found in paths of bounded length q leading to the nodes. (This recalls the q-grams employed in document resemblance, based on the Jaccard distance.) When applied to networks, the challenge is two-fold: the number of q-grams generated from labeled paths grows exponentially with q, and their frequency should be taken into account: this leads to a variation of the Jaccard index known as Bray-Curtis index for multisets. We describe nSimGram, a suite of fast algorithms for node similarity with q-grams, based on a novel blend of color coding, probabilistic counting, sketches, and string algorithms, where the universe of elements to sample is exponential. We provide experimental evidence that our measure is effective and our running times scale to deal with large real-world networks.

关键词： color coding node similarity approximation graph algorithms

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Motif Counting Beyond Five Nodes

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY FROM DATA 2018年第4期12卷 48-48页

作者： Bressan, Marco Chierichetti, Flavio Kumar, Ravi Leucci, Stefano Panconesi, Alessandro Sapienza Univ Rome Dept Comp Sci Via Salaria 113 I-00198 Rome Italy Google Res 1600 Amphitheater Pkwy Mountain View CA 94043 USA Swiss Fed Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Univ Str 6 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland

Counting graphlets is a well-studied problem in graph mining and social network analysis. Recently, several papers explored very simple and natural algorithms based on Monte Carlo sampling of Markov Chains (MC), and reported encouraging results. We show, perhaps surprisingly, that such algorithms are outperformed by color coding (CC) [2], a sophisticated algorithmic technique that we extend to the case of graphlet sampling and for which we prove strong statistical guarantees. Our computational experiments on graphs with millions of nodes show CC to be more accurate than MC;furthermore, we formally show that the mixing time of the MC approach is too high in general, even when the input graph has high conductance. All this comes at a price however. While MC is very efficient in terms of space, CC's memory requirements become demanding when the size of the input graph and that of the graphlets grow. And yet, our experiments show that CC can push the limits of the state-of-the-art, both in terms of the size of the input graph and of that of the graphlets.

关键词： Motif counting subgraph counting color coding graph mining

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Digital triplex DNA assay based on plasmonic nanocrystals

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ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017年第14期409卷 3657-3666页

作者： Li, Guohua Zhu, Liang He, Yonghong Tan, Hui Sun, Shuqing Tsinghua Univ Grad Sch Shenzhen Inst Opt Imaging & Sensing Shenzhen Key Lab Minimal Invas Med Technol Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Phys Sch Sci Bldg Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Shenzhen Univ Shenzhen Key Lab Neurosurg Affiliated Hosp 1 Shenzhen 518035 Guangdong Peoples R China

A new analytical method has been developed to detect three kinds of DNA simultaneously based on magnetic beads and color-encoded plasmonic nanocrystals. Magnetic beads modified with capture DNA are employed to collect the specific target DNA, and color-encoded plasmonic nanocrystals are applied to signal the target through DNA hybridization. As a proof of concept, three types of representative metal nanocrystals of gold nanoparticle (AuNP), gold nanorod (AuNR), and gold/silver nanoparticle (Au/AgNP) were employed to signal three dissimilar virus-related protective antigen genes, Ebola virus (EV), Variola virus (VV), and Bacillus anthracis (BA), respectively. Detection limits of 0.53 fM were obtained showing the high sensitivity for DNA detection. The microscopic discrimination of the encoded nanoparticles allows simple, rapid, accurate, and cost-effective detection of multiple DNA molecules, indicative of the potential in practical applications.

关键词： DNA assay Plasmonic nanocrystals color coding Single particle detection

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User perception and interpretation of tornado probabilistic hazard information: Comparison of four graphical designs

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APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2017年 65卷 277-285页

作者： Miran, Seyed M. Ling, Chen James, Joseph J. Gerard, Alan Rothfusz, Lans Univ Akron Dept Mech Engn Akron OH 44325 USA NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab Norman OK USA

Effective design for presenting severe weather information is important to reduce devastating consequences of severe weather. The Probabilistic Hazard Information (PHI) system for severe weather is being developed by NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) to communicate probabilistic hazardous weather information. This study investigates the effects of four PHI graphical designs for tornado threat, namely, "four-color","red-scale", "grayscale" and "contour", on users' perception, interpretation, and reaction to threat information. PHI is presented on either a map background or a radar background. Analysis showed that the accuracy was significantly higher and response time faster when PHI was displayed on map background as compared to radar background due to better contrast. When displayed on a radar background, "grayscale" design resulted in a higher accuracy of responses. Possibly due to familiarity, participants reported four-color design as their favorite design, which also resulted in the fastest recognition of probability levels on both backgrounds. Our study shows the importance of using intuitive color-coding and sufficient contrast in conveying probabilistic threat information via graphical design. We also found that users follows a rational perceiving-judging-feeling-and acting approach in processing probabilistic hazard information for tornado. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Natural hazard Decision-making Probabilistic information color coding Contrast

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