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The Complexity of Finding Optimal Subgraphs to Represent Spatial Correlation 1

15th Annual International Conference on Combinatorial Optimization and Applications (COCOA)

作者： Enright, Jessica Lee, Duncan Meeks, Kitty Pettersson, William Sylvester, John Univ Glasgow Sch Comp Sci Glasgow Lanark Scotland Univ Glasgow Sch Math & Stat Glasgow Lanark Scotland

ISBN: (数字)9783030926816

ISBN: (纸本)9783030926816;9783030926809

Understanding spatial correlation is vital in many fields including epidemiology and social science. Lee, Meeks and Pettersson (Stat. Comput. 2021) recently demonstrated that improved inference for areal unit count data can be achieved by carrying out modifications to a graph representing spatial correlations;specifically, they delete edges of the planar graph derived from border-sharing between geographic regions in order to maximise a specific objective function. In this paper we address the computational complexity of the associated graph optimisation problem. We demonstrate that this problem cannot be solved in polynomial time unless P = NP;we further show intractability for two simpler variants of the problem. We follow these results with two parameterised algorithms that exactly solve the problem in polynomial time in restricted settings. The first of these utilises dynamic programming on a tree decomposition, and runs in polynomial time if both the treewidth and maximum degree are bounded. The second algorithm is restricted to problem instances with maximum degree three, as may arise from triangulations of planar surfaces, but is an FPT algorithm when the maximum number of edges that can be removed is taken as the parameter.

关键词： Parameterised complexity Treewidth colour coding Spatial statistics

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Translation and application of guidelines into clinical practice: A colour-coded difficult airway trolley

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TRENDS IN ANAESTHESIA AND CRITICAL CARE 2021年 40卷 46-54页

作者： Fuchs, Alexander Haller, Mark Riva, Thomas Nabecker, Sabine Greif, Robert Berger-Estilita, Joana Univ Bern Bern Univ Hosp Inselspital Dept Anaesthesiol & Pain Med Freiburgstr 10 CH-3010 Bern Switzerland Ist Giannina Gaslini Dept Paediat Anaesthesia Unit Res & Innovat Genoa Italy Univ Toronto Sinai Hlth Syst Dept Anaesthesia & Pain Management Toronto ON Canada Sigmund Freud Private Univ Vienna Sch Med Vienna Austria Fac Med Porto Ctr Hlth Technol & Serv Res CINTESIS Porto Portugal

An unanticipated difficult airway needs immediate and well-coordinated management to maintain oxygenation and avoid a poor patient outcome. In addition to medical knowledge, technical skills, competencies and performance, human factors contribute substantially to success during unanticipated difficult airway management. Human factors can be influenced by cognitive aids like algorithms. These algorithms can be further enhanced by using a strong visual stimulus like colour coding to provide easy and fast orientation. colour coding as cognitive aid is recommended in some difficult airway guidelines but the translation into clinical practice is underreported. This article describes the application of colour coding for cognitive aids to facilitate the management of an unanticipated difficult airway and its further local implementation in the form of a colour-coded difficult airway trolley. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Anaesthesia Airway management Difficult airway Human factors Cognitive aids colour coding

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Advanced Characterisation of a Sensor System for Droplet-Based Microfluidics

Advanced Characterisation of a Sensor System for Droplet-Bas...

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IEEE Sensors Conference

作者： Bartunik, Max Fleischer, Marco Haselmayr, Werner Kirchner, Jens Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg FAU Inst Elect Engn Erlangen Germany Johannes Kepler Univ Linz JKU Inst Commun Engn & RF Syst Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781728168012

Droplet-based microfluidics show a large potential for lab-on-chip applications and new data transmission scenarios. Microfluidic chips contain channels in the submillimeter range allowing for flow of droplets. In a previous contribution, a new sensor design for droplet size and colour detection, consisting of an infrared and a colour sensor, was presented and a first proof-of-concept was shown. In this work, an in-depth analysis of both concepts is presented. In particular, we show that a high precision can be achieved when using the sensor to measure droplet sizes while using video processing software as reference. Furthermore, a colour alphabet consisting of 126 individual values is transmitted and detected using a machine learning model. The high specificity of achieved colour measurement allows both for colour coded data transmission scenarios and the analysis of colour reagents in lab-on-chip applications.

关键词： Droplet detection microfluidic environment colour coding optical sensor

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colour COMPRESSION OF PLENOPTIC POINT CLOUDS USING RAHT-KLT WITH PRIOR colour CLUSTERING AND SPECULAR/DIFFUSE COMPONENT SEPARATION

COLOUR COMPRESSION OF PLENOPTIC POINT CLOUDS USING RAHT-KLT ...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Krivokuca, Maja Guillemot, Christine INRIA Rennes France

ISBN: (纸本)9781509066315

The recently introduced plenoptic point cloud representation marries a 3D point cloud with a light field. Instead of each point being associated with a single colour value, there can be multiple values to represent the colour at that point as perceived from different viewpoints. This representation was introduced together with a compression technique for the multi-view colour vectors, which is an extension of the RAHT method for point cloud attribute coding. In the current paper, we demonstrate that the best-proposed RAHT extension, RAHT-KLT, can be improved by performing a prior sub-division of the plenoptic point cloud into clusters based on similar colour values, followed by a separation of each cluster into specular and diffuse components, and coding each component separately with RAHT-KLT. Our proposed improvements are shown to achieve better rate-distortion results than the original RAHT-KLT method.

关键词： Point clouds light fields colour coding RAHT

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colour-coded density-gradients stone mapping: A novel reporting system for stone density on non-contrast computed tomography and its clinical applications

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ARAB JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2020年第4期18卷 247-251页

作者： Adel Atta, Mohamed Abdeldaeim, Hussein Mamdouh Hashad, Mohamed Mohie Eldin Shabaan, Mohamed Samir Alexandria Univ Fac Med Alexandria Egypt

Objective To presents a novel clinically oriented system to report stone attenuation on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) using colour-coded density-gradients stone mapping and its clinical applications. Patients and methods This study was performed on 50 patients with 63 stones. All patients had a recent history of failed shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) or failed dissolution therapy by alkalinisation of urine for radiolucent stones. A multi-detector NCCT examination of the abdomen and pelvis was performed in all patients. The stones were isolated and displayed in 'Volume Rendering Technique' using four-colour encoding. Results Eight patients with failed dissolution therapy for radiolucent stones showed an outer layer of >500 Hounsfield units (HU) or a heterogeneous composition. A total of 42 patients with failed SWL had mean attenuations of <1000 HU on NCCT. Subsequent colour-coded stone mapping showed a dense core in all stones (>1000 HU) that failed to be clearly demonstrated by the mean HU alone. Conclusion The initial use of a colour-coded density-gradients stone mapping reporting system for stone density on NCCT is useful for explaining failure of SWL or failure of dissolution therapy for radiolucent stones in selected cases.

关键词： Non-contrast CT colour coding density gradients stones

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What works better for preference elicitation among older people? Cognitive burden of discrete choice experiment and case 2 best-worst scaling in an online setting

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JOURNAL OF CHOICE MODELLING 2021年 38卷

作者： Himmler, Sebastian Soekhai, Vikas van Exel, Job Brouwer, Werner Erasmus Sch Hlth Policy & Management POB 1738 NL-3000 DR Rotterdam Netherlands Univ Med Ctr Dept Publ Hlth Erasmus MC POB 2040 NL-3000 CA Rotterdam Netherlands Erasmus Sch Econ POB 1738 NL-3000 DR Rotterdam Netherlands

To appropriately weight dimensions of quality of life instruments for health economic evaluations, population and patient preferences need to be elicited. Two commonly used elicitation methods for this purpose are discrete choice experiments (DCE) and case 2 best-worst scaling (BWS). These methods differ in terms of their cognitive burden, which is especially relevant when eliciting preferences among older people. Using a randomised experiment with respondents from an online panel, this paper examines the cognitive burden associated with colour-coded and level overlapped DCE, colour-coded BWS, and 'standard' BWS choice tasks in a complex health state valuation setting. Our sample included 469 individuals aged 65 and above. Based on both revealed and stated cognitive burden, we found that the DCE tasks were less cognitively burdensome than case 2 BWS. colour coding case 2 BWS cannot be recommended as its effect on cognitive burden was less clear and the colour coding lead to undesired choice heuristics. Our results have implications for future health state valuations of complex quality of life instruments and at least serve as an example of assessing cognitive burden associated with different types of choice experiments.

关键词： Discrete choice experiment Best-worst scaling Cognitive burden Response efficiency colour coding

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colour coding scrubs as a means of improving perioperative communication.

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Journal of perioperative practice 2011年第5期21卷 177-178页

作者： Litak, Dominika Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust Great Ormond Street London.

Effective communication within the operating department is essential for achieving patient safety. A large part of the perioperative communication is non-verbal. One type of non-verbal communication is 'object communication', the most common form of which is clothing. The colour coding of clothing such as scrubs has the potential to optimise perioperative communication with the patients and between the staff. A colour contains a coded message, and is a visual cue for an immediate identification of personnel. This is of key importance in the perioperative environment. The idea of colour coded scrubs in the perioperative setting has not been much explored to date and, given the potential contributiontowards improvement of patient outcomes, deserves consideration.

关键词： Communication colour coding Scrubs

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colouring the path from instruction to practice: Perspectives on software for struggling readers 15

Colouring the path from instruction to practice: Perspective...

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14th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, IDC 2015

作者： Cramer, Emily S. Antle, Alissa N. Fan, Min School of Interactive Arts and Technology Simon Fraser University 250-13450 102 Avenue SurreyBC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781450335904

Mainstream paper and pencil interventions for Anglophone students with dyslexia emphasize a strategy of analyzing syllables to compensate for irregularities in English letter-sound correspondences. Classroom interventions have developed effective scaffolds for supporting students in analyzing syllables in instructional contexts. However, students typically fail to transfer knowledge to practice contexts (i.e, reading without a tutor). Software has proven to be an effective medium for helping dyslexic students practice basic literacy skills (phoneme awareness and letter knowledge). However, at present, there are no systems specifically designed to support dyslexic students in practicing syllable analysis. Correspondingly, there is a lack of information about which design features would best support dyslexic students in transferring syllable analysis skills from instructional (classroom) to practice (software) contexts. In an attempt to address this gap, we propose two guidelines for software supports of syllable-analysis in dyslexia: 1. Design software that serves as a dual medium for instruction and practice 2. Design scaffolds that serve as dual catalysts for learning and transfer. We realize our guidelines in a prototype software system for syllable analysis that uses colour-coding to direct attention to information during learning and to retrieve learned information during practice. © 2015 ACM.

关键词： colour coding interface strategies dyslexia theory

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Healthcare waste management status in Lagos State, Nigeria: a case study from selected healthcare facilities in Ikorodu and Lagos metropolis

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WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH 2012年第6期30卷 562-571页

作者： Longe, Ezechiel O. Univ Lagos Dept Civil & Environm Engn Lagos Nigeria

A survey of healthcare waste management practices and their implications for health and the environment was carried out. The study assessed waste management practices in 20 healthcare facilities ranging in capacity from 40 to 600 beds in Ikorodu and metropolitan Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria. The prevailing healthcare waste management status was analysed. Management issues on quantities and proportion of different constituents of waste, segregation, collection, handling, transportation, treatment and disposal methods were assessed. The waste generation averaged 0.631 kg bed(-1) day(-1) over the survey area. The waste stream from the healthcare facilities consisted of general waste (59.0%), infectious waste (29.7%), sharps and pathological (8.9%), chemical (1.45%) and others (0.95%). Sharps/pathological waste includes disposable syringes. In general, the waste materials were collected in a mixed form, transported and disposed of along with municipal solid waste with attendant risks to health and safety. Most facilities lacked appropriate treatment systems for a variety of reasons that included inadequate funding and little or no priority for healthcare waste management as well as a lack of professionally competent waste managers among healthcare providers. Hazards associated with healthcare waste management and shortcomings in the existing system were identified.

关键词： Healthcare waste clinical waste hazardous waste hospital waste colour coding handling treatment disposal

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Radiographic detection of artificial intra-bony defects in the edentulous area

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CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH 2009年第3期20卷 273-279页

作者： Van Assche, N. Jacobs, R. Coucke, W. van Steenberghe, D. Quirynen, M. Catholic Univ Louvain Dept Periodontol B-3000 Louvain Belgium Catholic Univ Louvain Ctr Oral Imaging B-3000 Louvain Belgium Inst Publ Hlth Dept Biol Clin Brussels Belgium

Since intra-bony pathologies might jeopardize implant outcome, their preoperative detection is crucial. In sixteen human cadaver bloc sections from upper and lower jaws, artificial defects with progressively increasing size (n=7) have been created. From each respective defect, analogue and digital intra-oral radiographs were taken, the latter processed via a periodontal filter and afterwards presented in black-white as well as in colour, resulting in three sets of 7 images per bloc section. Eight observers were asked to diagnosis an eventual defect on randomly presented radiographs, and at another occasion to rank each set based on the defect size. The clinicians were only able to identify a defect, when the junctional area was involved, except for bony pieces with a very homogeneous structure. For longitudinal evaluation of healing bone (e.g. after tooth extraction), colour digital images can be recommended. These observations indicate that intra-oral radiographs are not always reliable for the detection of any intra-bony defect. To cite this article:Van Assche N, Jacobs R, Coucke W, van Steenberghe D, Quirynen M. Radiographic detection of artificial intra-bony defects in the edentulous ***. Oral Impl. Res. 20, 2009;273-279doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01576.x.

关键词： bone pathology colour coding detection intra-bony defect intra-oral radiograph

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