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Posterior delta/theta EEG activity as an early signal of Stroop conflict detection

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023年第3期60卷 14195-14195页

作者： Haciahmet, Celine C. Frings, Christian Beste, Christian Muenchau, Alexander Pastoetter, Bernhard Univ Trier Dept Cognit Psychol Trier Germany Tech Univ Dresden Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Fac Med Cognit Neurophysiol Dresden Germany Univ Lubeck Ctr Brain Behav & Metab Lubeck Germany

The conflict monitoring theory postulates that conflict detection is initiated in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), indexed by midfrontal theta oscillations in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Recent research suggested that distractor detection (in the Eriksen flanker task) can be initiated relatively early by attentional control processes in the occipital lobe. Whether attentional control is also involved in the detection of stimulus-response overlapping conflict in the Stroop task is yet unclear. In the present study, we analyzed EEG time-frequency data (N = 47) to investigate the contribution of early attentional control processes to the detection of response conflict and semantic conflict in a lateralized version of the color-word Stroop task. The behavioral results showed significant conflict effects in response times (RT). The EEG results showed a prominent midfrontal response conflict effect in total theta power (4-8 Hz). Importantly, detection of response conflict and semantic conflict was observed in posterior delta/theta power (2-8 Hz), which was lateralized depending on the presentation side of the irrelevant Stroop words. In explorative regression analysis, both the midfrontal and the posterior response conflict effects predicted the size of response conflict errors. These results suggest that attentional control processes in posterior areas contribute to the initiation of response-conflict detection in the Stroop task. The findings are consistent with the idea of a representational link between stimulus and response features, known as the common coding principle.

关键词： attention cognitive control common coding conflict monitoring EEG midfrontal theta response conflict sensory lateralization Stroop time-frequency analyses

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Down and up! Does the mu rhythm index a gating mechanism in the developing motor system?

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DEVELOPMENTAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE 2023年 60卷 101239页

作者： Koester, Moritz Meyer, Marlene Univ Regensburg Inst Psychol Sedanstr 1 D-93055 Regensburg Germany Radboud Univ Nijmegen Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav Thomas van Aquinostr 4 NL-6525 GD Nijmegen Netherlands Univ Chicago Dept Psychol Chicago IL 60637 USA

Developmental research on action processing in the motor cortex relies on a key neural marker - a decrease in 6-12 Hz activity (coined mu suppression). However, recent evidence points towards an increase in mu power, specific for the observation of others' actions. Complementing the findings on mu suppression, this raises the critical question for the functional role of the mu rhythm in the developing motor system. We here discuss a potential solution to this seeming controversy by suggesting a gating function of the mu rhythm: A decrease in mu power may index the facilitation, while an increase may index the inhibition of motor processes, which are critical during action observation. This account may advance our conception of action understanding in early brain development and points towards critical directions for future research.

关键词： Motor system development Action understanding execution and observation Mu suppression Brain development common coding

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Embodied Learning in Makerspaces 29

Embodied Learning in Makerspaces

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29th International Conference on Computers in Education (ICCE)

作者： Sinha, Ravi Date, Geetanjali Chandrasekharan, Sanjay TIFR India Homi Bhabha Ctr Sci Educ Learning Sci Res Grp Mumbai Maharashtra India

ISBN: (纸本)9789869721486

Maker spaces (MS) are an emerging learning space, where students learn `embodied' ideas and skills, which are different from those learned in theory classes and laboratories. Existing analysis of the nature of learning in MS is mostly descriptive. Here we seek to develop a cognitive account of the nature of learning in MS. We first outline two mechanisms from embodied cognition (EC) studies. We then illustrate how these mechanisms could advance our understanding of the 'building cognition' involved in MS, and the way it is extended by the making process. To illustrate the use of this analysis, we briefly outline the complex building cognition involved in three frontier making practices. We suggest that our EC analysis could help redesign MS in new ways, to support such making practices.

关键词： Makerspaces building cognition tool incorporation common coding embodied learning frontier making practices

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Different effects of spatial separation in action and perception

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PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW 2021年第3期28卷 845-852页

作者： Schaefer, Sarah Frings, Christian Univ Trier Dept Cognit Psychol D-54286 Trier Germany

Spatial distance of response keys has been shown to have an effect on nonspatial tasks in that performance improved if the spatial distance increased. Comparably, spatial distance of stimulus features has been shown to have a performance-improving effect in a (partly) spatial task. Here, we combined these two findings in the same task to test for the commonality of the effect of stimulus distance and the effect of response distance. Thus, we varied spatial distance in exactly the same fashion either between stimuli or between responses in a standard Eriksen flanker task. The results show that spatial distance only affected the processing of stimulus features, while it had no effect on the processing of response features. Regarding the idea of common coding of action and perception (Prinz, 1990), stimulus and response processing should be influenced by spatial distance in the same way so that our data might suggest a boundary for the idea of common coding.

关键词： Action and perception common coding Spatial distance Cognitive categorization

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Fighting the game. Command systems and player-avatar interaction in fighting games in a social cognitive neuroscience framework

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2019年第10期78卷 13565-13591页

作者： Mattiassi, Alan D. A. Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia Marco Biagi Dept Econ Viale Berengario 51 I-41121 Modena MO Italy

Videogames often require players to control an avatar in order to act on the virtual world. In many cases, such as in fighting games, the avatar's body often shares biological features with the player's body, such as a human-like figure and a highly detailed and realistic movement. Many studies in social cognitive neuroscience focus on how humans understand biological actions, and in particular other humans' actions. Models and theories that put in tight relation perception, imagination and execution of actions have recently impacted the field of human cognition and provided a considerable paradigm shift. However, the impact of these theories has been largely focused on modern mimetic interfaces, such as virtual reality, but only slightly affect traditional interfaces even if they still comprise the large majority of the human-computer interaction. Fighting games mostly use non-mimetic interfaces, such as traditional gaming pads, so that the player needs to act with a very restricted range of movements, limited to fingers, hand, wrists and arms muscles. While the player's movements don't match the avatar movements, the in-game meanings of the button presses, i.e., command system, may facilitate or interfere with the ability to understand, plan and perform motor patterns on the input device. Here I provide a framework to better understand human-fighting game interaction, but relevant for all interactions with avatars, as well as experimental evidence of this approach validity by using the most successful fighting games: Tekken, Street Fighter, Mortal Kombat and Soulcalibur.

关键词： Command systems Fighting games common coding Embodied cognition Spatial compatibility

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Effector-specific priming effects during action observation in combat sports

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GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2019年第4期49卷 424-434页

作者： Polzien, Andrea Gueldenpenning, Iris Weigelt, Matthias Paderborn Univ Dept Sport & Hlth Psychol & Movement Sci Warburger Str 100 D-33098 Paderborn Germany

The anticipation of actions of other individuals is crucial for skilled performance. A possible mechanism that could enable the anticipation of action is that of action simulation. We conducted three experiments to investigate effector matching processes, which are thought to be a basic prerequisite for action simulation during action observation. To this end, a static picture of a combat sport athlete performing a kick or a punch was presented. Participants were instructed to respond to a colored target, by either pressing a hand or a foot button. In congruent conditions, the effector in the picture (i.e., the hand during the punch and the foot during the kick) and the participants' responding effector (i.e., the hand or foot) were the same, whereas in incongruent conditions, they differed. In Experiment 1, the colored target consisted of a blue or red frame surrounding the picture. When participants responded to the frame's color, the task-irrelevant action displayed in the picture did not induce any effector-specific priming effects. In Experiment 2, a colored circle surrounded the active or passive effector in the picture. When the attention was directed to the effector, participants showed faster reactions and fewer errors in congruent compared to incongruent conditions, regardless of whether the circle surrounded the active or passive effector. Experiment 3 verified that the results found in Experiment 2 were based on effector matching rather than on a spatial feature overlap between stimulus and response. Different underlying mechanisms regarding the priming processes during action observation are discussed.

关键词： Anticipation common coding Action simulation Effector matching Vertical Simon effect

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Goal Slippage: A Mechanism for Spontaneous Instrumental Helping in Infancy?

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TOPOI-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY 2019年第1期38卷 173-183页

作者： Michael, John Szekely, Marcell Univ Warwick Philosophy Dept Coventry W Midlands England Cent European Univ Dept Cognit Sci Budapest Hungary

In recent years, developmental psychologists have increasingly been interested in various forms of prosocial behavior observed in infants and young childrenin particular comforting, sharing, pointing to provide information, and spontaneous instrumental helping. We briefly review several models that have been proposed to explain the psychological mechanisms underpinning these behaviors. Focusing on spontaneous instrumental helping, we home in on models based upon what Paulus (Child Development Perspectives 8(2):77-81, 2014) has dubbed goal-alignment', i.e. the idea that the identification of an agent's goal leads infants to take up that goal as their own. We identify a problem with the most well-known model based upon this idea, namely the goal contagion' model. The problem arises from the way in which the model specifies the content of the goal which is identified and taken up. We then propose an alternative way of specifying the content of the goal, and use this as a starting point for articulating an alternative model based upon the idea of alignment, namely the goal slippage' model. By elucidating the difference between goal contagion and goal slippage, we contribute to the articulation of experimental criteria for assessing whether and when the mechanisms specified by these two models are at work.

关键词： Prosocial behavior Helping Altruism Goals Joint action common coding

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Index of difficulty and side of space are accommodated during the selection and planning of a joint action

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HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCE 2017年 54卷 197-209页

作者： Ray, Matthew de Grosbois, John Welsh, Timothy N. Univ Toronto Fac Kinesiol & Phys Educ 55 Harbord St Toronto ON M5S 2W6 Canada

Co-actors can facilitate the achievement of a shared goal by accurately anticipating each other's needs and subsequently planning actions to accommodate those needs. The purpose of the present study was to determine if co-actors plan and execute their movements to accommodate the difficulty of their partners' action. We hypothesized that information derived from shared task representations could influence the simulation of other's actions and that motor experience would enhance the ability of co-actor's to anticipate their co-actor's needs. Partners performed a sequential aiming task. The initiator of the sequential action placed a dowel on a line between two potential targets that varied in size across trials. The initiator did not know the actual target location prior to placing the dowel. The finisher then grasped the dowel and moved it to whichever target was signaled, from wherever their partner had placed the dowel. Participants completed the partner task before and after completing an individual task in which they completed both the initiating and the finishing movements. Consistent with the prediction that co-actors represent the difficulty of their partners' actions, the dowel was placed closer to the smaller target of a pair. Further, it was found that motor experience influenced dowel placement there was a shift in dowel placement following the completion of the individual task. These results indicate that co-actors plan their movements based on features of their co-actor's movements and that motor experience provides information that allows people to better plan movements for their partners.

关键词： Sequential joint action Shared task representation common coding Motor experience Action anticipation Response features

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Modeling self on others: An import theory of subjectivity and selfhood

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CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION 2017年 49卷 347-362页

作者： Prinz, Wolfgang Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci Stephanstr 1a D-04103 Leipzig Germany

This paper outlines an Import Theory of subjectivity and selfhood. Import theory claims that subjectivity is initially perceived as a key feature of other minds before it then becomes imported from other minds to own minds whereby it lays the ground for mental selfhood. Import theory builds on perception-production matching, which in turn draws on both representational mechanisms and social practices. Representational mechanisms rely on common coding of perception and production. Social practices rely on action mirroring in dyadic interactions. The interplay between mechanisms and practices gives rise to model self on others. Individuals become intentional agents in virtue of perceiving others mirroring themselves. The outline of the theory is preceded by an introductory section that locates import theory in the broader context of competing approaches, and it is followed by a concluding section that assesses import theory in terms of empirical evidence and explanatory power. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： common coding Consciousness Import theory Intentionality Other minds Perception-production matching Subjectivity Selfhood Social mirroring

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The origin of the biomechanical bias in apparent body movement perception

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NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA 2016年第0期89卷 281-286页

作者： Vannuscorps, Gilles Caramazza, Alfonso Harvard Univ Dept Psychol Williams James Hall9th Floor33 Kirkland St Cambridge MA 02138 USA Univ Trento Ctr Mind Brain Sci I-38122 Mattarello Italy Catholic Univ Louvain Inst Psychol Sci B-1348 Louvain Belgium

The perception of apparent body movement sometimes follows biologically plausible paths rather than paths along the shortest distance as in the case for inanimate objects. For numerous authors, this demonstrates that the somatosensory and motor representations of the observer's own body support and constrain the perception of others' body movements. In this paper, we report evidence that calls for a re-examination of this account. We presented an apparent upper limb movement perception task to typically developed participants and five individuals born without upper limbs who were, therefore, totally deprived of somatosensory or motor representations of those limbs. Like the typically developed participants, they showed the typical bias toward long and biomechanically plausible path. This finding suggests that the computations underlying the biomechanical bias in apparent body movement perception is intrinsic to the visual system. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biomechanical bias Body perception Biological motion Action perception common coding Motor simulation Embodied cognition

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