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Minimal mimicry: Mere effector matching induces preference

BRAIN AND COGNITION 2012年第3期80卷 291-300页

作者： Sparenberg, Peggy Topolinski, Sascha Springer, Anne Prinz, Wolfgang Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci Leipzig Germany Univ Potsdam Dept Sport & Exercise Psychol Potsdam Germany Univ Wurzburg Dept Psychol 2 Wurzburg Germany

Both mimicking and being mimicked induces preference for a target. The present experiments investigate the minimal sufficient conditions for this mimicry-preference link to occur. We argue that mere effector matching between one's own and the other person's movement is sufficient to induce preference, independent of which movement is actually performed. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants moved either their arms or legs, and watched avatars that moved either their arms or legs, respectively, without any instructions to mimic. The executed movements themselves and their pace were completely different between participants (fast circular movements) and targets (slow linear movements). Participants preferred avatars that moved the same body part as they did over avatars that moved a different body part. In Experiment 3, using human targets and differently paced movements, movement similarity was manipulated in addition to effector overlap (moving forward-backward or sideways with arms or legs, respectively). Only effector matching, but not movement matching, influenced preference ratings. These findings suggest that mere effector overlap is sufficient to trigger preference by mimicry. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mimicry Preference Action-perception link common coding

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Dorsal stream activity and connectivity associated with action priming of ambiguous apparent motion

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NEUROIMAGE 2012年第2期63卷 687-697页

作者： Jantzen, K. J. Seifert, Matthew Richardson, Benjamin Behmer, Lawrence P. Odell, Charles Tripp, Aaron Symons, Lawrence A. Western Washington Univ Bellingham WA 98225 USA

Theories proposing a bidirectional influence between action and perception are well supported by behavioral findings. In contrast to the growing literature investigating the brain mechanisms by which perception influences action, there is a relative dearth of neural evidence documenting how action may influence perception. Here we show that action priming of apparent motion perception is associated with increased functional connectivity between dorsal cortical regions connecting vision with action. Participants manually rotated a joystick in a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction while viewing ambiguous apparent rotational motion. Actions influenced perception when the perceived direction of the ambiguous display was the same as manual rotation. For comparison, participants also rotated the joystick while viewing non-ambiguous apparent motion and in the absence of apparent motion. In a final control condition, participants viewed ambiguous apparent motion without manual rotation. Actions influence on perception was accompanied by a significant increase in alpha and beta band event related desynchronization (ERD) in contralateral primary motor cortex. superior parietal lobe and middle occipital gyrus. Increased ERD across these areas was accompanied by an increase in gamma band phase locking between primary motor, parietal, striate and extrastriate regions. Similar patterns were not observed when action was compatible with perception, but did not influence it. These data demonstrate that action influences perception by strengthening the interaction across a broad sensorimotor network for the putative purpose of integrating compatible action outcomes and sensory information into a single coherent percept. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sensorimotor integration common coding Ambiguous apparent motion Event-related desynchronization Independent components analysis Phase locking

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Attentional Factors in Conceptual Congruency

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COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2012年第6期36卷 1051-1077页

作者： Santiago, Julio Ouellet, Marc Roman, Antonio Valenzuela, Javier Univ Granada Dept Expt Psychol & Physiol Behav Grnada 18071 Spain Univ Murcia Dept English Philol E-30001 Murcia Spain

Conceptual congruency effects are biases induced by an irrelevant conceptual dimension of a task (e.g., location in vertical space) on the processing of another, relevant dimension (e.g., judging words emotional evaluation). Such effects are a central empirical pillar for recent views about how the mind/brain represents concepts. In the present paper, we show how attentional cueing (both exogenous and endogenous) to each conceptual dimension succeeds in modifying both the manifestation and the symmetry of the effect. The theoretical implications of this finding are discussed.

关键词： Embodiment Symbol grounding Mental metaphor Attention common coding ATOM Conceptual recycling Coherent Working Models

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Interference in simultaneously perceiving and producing facial expressions-Evidence from electromyography

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NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA 2011年第1期49卷 124-130页

作者： Otte, Ellen Habel, Ute Schulte-Ruether, Martin Konrad, Kerstin Koch, Iring Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Inst Psychol 1 D-52066 Aachen Germany Rhein Westfal TH Aachen JARA Brain Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy D-52066 Aachen Germany Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy D-52066 Aachen Germany

The goal of the current studies was to examine perception-action interactions in a socially relevant domain. Social interactions are based on a mutual understanding of the emotions and actions of others. We assume that the perception of emotional actions also stimulates a parallel action preparation in the perceiver, underlining the common coding theory. We report two experiments aimed to examine whether the perception of socially relevant facial actions (e.g., happy vs. angry facial expressions) interact with the execution of such actions. more specifically, we use a stimulus-response compatibility paradigm, in which subjects responded to the gender of a face by either smiling or frowning while ignoring the fact that the presented face is also randomly either smiling or frowning. We measured reaction time (RT) as onset latency on the two large muscle groups used for smiling (zygomaticus major) and frowning (corrugator supercilii) using electromyography. Experiment 1 showed that on compatible trials, in which perceived facial expression and actually produced facial expression matched, RTs were shorter than on incompatible trials. Experiment 2 used pre-instructed (i.e., blocked) responses and replicated the compatibility effect, suggesting that the effect is functionally located not in response selection but in response initiation or execution. We discuss these results in relation to cognitive mechanisms of common coding of perception and action and to the human mirror neuron system. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： common coding Stimulus-response compatibility Reaction time Perceptual motor processes Emotion Facial expression

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Motor execution affects action prediction

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BRAIN AND COGNITION 2011年第1期76卷 26-36页

作者： Springer, Anne Brandstaedter, Simone Liepelt, Roman Birngruber, Teresa Giese, Martin Mechsner, Franz Prinz, Wolfgang Univ Potsdam Dept Sport & Exercise Psychol Exzellenzbereich Kognit Wissensch D-14469 Potsdam Germany Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci Leipzig Germany Univ Munster Dept Psychol Jr Grp Neurocognit Joint Act Munster Germany Univ Clin Tubingen Hertie Inst Clin Brain Res Tubingen Germany Univ Clin Tubingen Ctr Integrat Neurosci Tubingen Germany Northumbria Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST Tyne & Wear England

Previous studies provided evidence of the claim that the prediction of occluded action involves real-time simulation. We report two experiments that aimed to study how real-time simulation is affected by simultaneous action execution under conditions of full, partial or no overlap between observed and executed actions. This overlap was analysed by comparing the body sides and the movement kinematics involved in the observed and the executed action. While performing actions, participants observed point-light (PL) actions that were interrupted by an occluder, followed by a test pose. The task was to judge whether the test pose depicted a continuation of the occluded action in the same depth angle. Using a paradigm proposed by Graf et al., we independently manipulated the duration of the occluder and the temporal advance of the test pose relative to occlusion onset (occluder time and pose time, respectively). This paradigm allows the assessment of real-time simulation, based on prediction performance across different occluder time/pose time combinations (i.e., improved task performance with decreasing time distance between occluder time and pose time is taken to reflect real-time simulation). The PL actor could be perceived as from the front or back, as indicated by task instructions. In Experiment 1 (front view instructions), evidence of action simulation was obtained for partial overlap (i.e., observed and performed action corresponded either in body side or movement kinematics), but not for full or no overlap conditions. The same pattern was obtained in Experiment 2 (back view instructions), ruling out a spatial compatibility explanation for the real-time pattern observed. Our results suggest that motor processes affect action prediction and real-time simulation. The strength of their impact varies as a function of the overlap between observed and executed actions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Action prediction Internal simulation Motor execution common coding Perception-action-link

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Exploring cross-task compatibility in perceiving and producing facial expressions using electromyography

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ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA 2011年第1期138卷 187-192页

作者： Otte, Ellen Jost, Kerstin Habel, Ute Koch, Iring Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Inst Psychol 1 D-52066 Aachen Germany Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Univ Hosp D-52066 Aachen Germany

Using a dual-task methodology we examined the interaction of perceiving and producing facial expressions. In one task, participants were asked to produce a smile or a frown (Task 2) in response to a tone stimulus. This auditory-facial task was embedded in a dual-task context, where the other task (Task 1) required a manual response to visual face stimuli (visual-manual task). These face stimuli showed facial expressions that were either compatible or incompatible to the to-be-produced facial expression. Both reaction times and error rates (measured by facial electromyography) revealed a robust stimulus-response compatibility effect across tasks, suggesting that perceived social actions automatically activate corresponding actions even if perceived and produced actions belong to different tasks. The dual-task nature of this compatibility effect further testifies that encoding of facial expressions is highly automatic. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： common coding Perception-action coding Cross-task compatibility Electromyography Perceptual motor processes Emotional facial expression Divided attention Dual task

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A computational model of perception and action for cognitive robotics

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COGNITIVE PROCESSING 2011年第4期12卷 355-365页

作者： Haazebroek, Pascal van Dantzig, Saskia Hommel, Bernhard Cognit Psychol Unit NL-2333 AK Leiden Netherlands Leiden Inst Brain & Cognit NL-2333 AK Leiden Netherlands

Robots are increasingly expected to perform tasks in complex environments. To this end, engineers provide them with processing architectures that are based on models of human information processing. In contrast to traditional models, where information processing is typically set up in stages (i.e., from perception to cognition to action), it is increasingly acknowledged by psychologists and robot engineers that perception and action are parts of an interactive and integrated process. In this paper, we present HiTEC, a novel computational (cognitive) model that allows for direct interaction between perception and action as well as for cognitive control, demonstrated by task-related attentional influences. Simulation results show that key behavioral studies can be readily replicated. Three processing aspects of HiTEC are stressed for their importance for cognitive robotics: (1) ideomotor learning of action control, (2) the influence of task context and attention on perception, action planning, and learning, and (3) the interaction between perception and action planning. Implications for the design of cognitive robotics are discussed.

关键词： Integrated processes Perception-action interaction Computational modeling Cognitive robotics common coding Ideomotor learning

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I'm in the Game: Embodied Puppet Interface Improves Avatar Control

I'm in the Game: Embodied Puppet Interface Improves Avatar C...

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5th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction

作者： Mazalek, Ali Chandrasekharan, Sanjay Nitsche, Michael Welsh, Tim Clifton, Paul Quitmeyer, Andrew Peer, Firaz Kirschner, Friedrich Athreya, Dilip Georgia Inst Technol Sch Interact Comp Digital Media Program Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450306287

We have developed an embodied puppet interface that translates a player's body movements to a virtual character, thus enabling the player to have a fine grained and personalized control of the avatar. To test the efficacy and short-term effects of this control interface, we developed a two-part experiment, where the performance of users controlling an avatar using the puppet interface was compared with users controlling the avatar using two other interfaces (Xbox controller, keyboard). Part 1 examined aiming movement accuracy in a virtual contact game. Part 2 examined changes of mental rotation abilities in users after playing the virtual contact game. Results from Part 1 revealed that the puppet interface group performed significantly better in aiming accuracy and response time, compared to the Xbox and keyboard groups. Data from Part 2 revealed that the puppet group tended to have greater improvement in mental rotation accuracy as well. Overall, these results suggest that the embodied mapping between a player and avatar, provided by the puppet interface, leads to important performance advantages.

关键词： Puppet tangible user interface embodied interface virtual character video game common coding body memory creativity

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Perception and production of object-related grasping in 6-month-olds

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JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2011年第4期108卷 810-818页

作者： Daum, Moritz M. Prinz, Wolfgang Aschersleben, Gisa Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci Dept Psychol D-04103 Leipzig Germany Univ Saarland Dept Psychol D-66041 Saarbrucken Germany

In this study, 6-month-olds' perception of an object-related human grasping action was compared with their level of grasping performance using a within-participants design. In the action perception task, infants were presented with the video of an actor's grasping movement toward an occluded target object. Subsequently, an expected and an unexpected final state of this grasping movement were presented simultaneously, and infants' looking times were measured. In the action production task, infants were presented with three graspable objects. Infants' grasping behavior was coded to be either palmar or thumb-opposite grasping. Results indicate that infants who were already able to perform a thumb-opposite grasp differentiated between the two final states in the action perception task by looking longer toward the unexpected final state. In contrast, infants who showed only palmar grasps looked equally long toward both final states. This finding supports the assumption that action perception and action control are already closely related in infants as young as 6 months. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Infancy Goal-directed actions Action perception Grasping action Action production common coding

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Incongruent imagery interferes with action initiation

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BRAIN AND COGNITION 2010年第3期74卷 249-254页

作者： Ramsey, Richard Cumming, Jennifer Eastough, Daniel Edwards, Martin G. Univ Nottingham Sch Psychol Nottingham NG7 2RD England Univ Birmingham Sch Sport & Exercise Sci Birmingham B15 2TT W Midlands England Univ Worcester Inst Sport & Exercise Sci Worcester WR2 6AJ England Catholic Univ Louvain Fac Psychol & Sci Educ B-1348 Louvain Belgium

It has been suggested that representing an action through observation and imagery share neural processes with action execution. In support of this view, motor-priming research has shown that observing an action can influence action initiation. However, there is little motor-priming research showing that imagining an action can modulate action initiation. The current study examined whether action imagery could prime subsequent execution of a reach and grasp action. Across two motion analysis tracking experiments, 40 participants grasped an object following congruent or incongruent action imagery. In Experiment 1, movement initiation was faster following congruent compared to incongruent imagery, demonstrating that imagery can prime the initiation of grasping. In Experiment 2, incongruent imagery resulted in slower movement initiation compared to a no-imagery control. These data show that imagining a different action to that which is performed can interfere with action production. We propose that the most likely neural correlates of this interference effect are brain regions that code imagined and executed actions. Further, we outline a plausible mechanistic account of how priming in these brain regions through imagery could play a role in action cognition. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Imagery common coding Premotor Parietal Priming Action cognition

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