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检索条件"主题词=Compression Algorithms"

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Real-time disparity information compression in 3D teleconferencing systems

Real-time disparity information compression in 3D teleconfer...

引用

EUROMICRO Conference

作者： D. Papadimatos T. Antonakopoulos V. Makios Department of Electrical Engineering and Computers Technology University of Patras Patras Greece

This paper presents a real-time entropy compression/decompression unit for disparity map information used in 3D teleconferencing systems. The disparity map data form a constant bit rate data stream which has to be transmitted through an ATM channel supporting lower data rates. The selection of the proper compression algorithm must be based on the durability of the regenerated data to various types of errors, generated mainly due to the limited available bandwidth. Initially we present the disparity map formats, why they should be coded losslessly, some well-known entropy algorithms and their performance in terms of compression rate and throughput. All algorithms are evaluated according to the application requirements which are: good compression rate, real-time implementability and fast convergence during the compression initialization phase. Feasible implementations are proposed for the algorithms selected using commercially available digital signal processors (DSPs) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

关键词： Teleconferencing Signal processing algorithms Entropy Field programmable gate arrays Real time systems Bit rate compression algorithms Bandwidth Performance loss Throughput

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Biorthogonal modified coiflet filters for image compression

Biorthogonal modified coiflet filters for image compression

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： L.L. Winger A.N. Venetsanopoulos Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Toronto Canada

The selection of the filter bank in wavelet compression is crucial, affecting the image quality and system design. The biorthogonal coiflet (cooklet) family of wavelet filters has been constructed, and explicit frequency domain formulae have been developed in the Bernstein polynomial basis. We use the Bernstein basis for the frequency domain design and construction of biorthogonal nearly coiflet wavelet bases. In particular, we construct a previously unpublished nearly coiflet 17/11 biorthogonal wavelet filter pair. Key filter quality evaluation metrics due to Villasenor (see IEEE Trans. on Image Proc., vol.4, no.8, p.1053-1060, 1995) demonstrate this filter pair to be well suited for image compression. Comparison is made to the 17/11 biorthogonal coiflet (cooklet), Villasenor 10/18, Odegard 9/7, and classical CDF 9/7 wavelet bases. Simulation results with the SPIHT algorithm due to Said and Pearlman (see IEEE Trans. on Circ. and Systems, vol.6, no.3, p.243-250, 1996), and with our SR/sub SFQ/, confirm that the new 17/11 wavelet basis outperforms the others for still image compression.

关键词： Image coding Filter bank Matched filters Wavelet domain Frequency domain analysis compression algorithms Quantization Bit rate Equations Image quality

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Wavelet compression of ultrasound video streams for teleradiology

Wavelet compression of ultrasound video streams for teleradi...

引用

IEEE EMBS International Conference on Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine (ITAB)

作者： R.K. Andrew B. Stewart S. Langer K.C. Stegbauer Department of Radiology University of Washington Seattle WA USA Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis MO US

Future developments in teleradiology hinge on the delivery of real or near real-time images, sometimes across less than optimal bandwidth communication channels. Ultrasound, to achieve its greatest diagnostic value, needs to transmit not just still images but video as well. A significant amount of compression, however, may be required to achieve near real-time video across limited bandwidths. This will inevitably result in degraded video quality. A variety of compression algorithms are in widespread use including H.261, H.323, JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group), MPEG (Motion Picture Expert Group) and most recently wavelets. We have developed a suite of tools to evaluate each of these methods, and to identify potential areas where wavelet compression may have an advantage. In this particular study, we compare motion wavelet compression to motion JPEG compression using the standard correlation coefficient and the normalized mean squared error, and found the motion wavelet technique slightly better.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging Video compression Streaming media Transform coding Image coding Bandwidth Fasteners Communication channels Degradation compression algorithms

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Image compression and magnification using fractal technique

Image compression and magnification using fractal technique

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IEEE Region 10 International Conference TENCON

作者： S.K. Mitra C.A. Murthy M.K. Kundu Machine Intelligence Unit Indian Statistical Institute Calcutta India

New techniques for image compression and image magnification using the theory of fractals is proposed. The fractal codes are designed assuming the self similarity property of images. In particular, to generate the fractal codes, the genetic algorithm is used which greatly decreases the search for finding self similarities in the given image. The obtained fractal codes are stored instead of the given image in the compression algorithm. Moreover the magnification task is performed using the obtained fractal codes of the image instead of the original one resulting in a reduction in memory requirement. The article presents both theory and implementation of the proposed methods. A simple distortion measure scheme is also proposed to judge the image quality of the magnified image.

关键词： Image coding Fractals Genetic algorithms Image processing Iterative algorithms Image reconstruction Machine intelligence compression algorithms Image quality Computational geometry

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Universal compression with restricted training data and constrained latency

Universal compression with restricted training data and cons...

引用

IEEE (first ITW conference of the year) Information Theory Workshop (ITW)

作者： J. Ziv Department of Electrical Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel

In practice, universal data compression algorithms can benefit from a restricted length training data only, and are constrained by a given, limited decoding latency. It is demonstrated that under these constraints, fixed-to-variable schemes are essentially as effective as the more general variable-to-variable schemes. A lower-bound on the compression of any dictionary-type algorithm (such as LZ, for example) is then derived. Finally, it is demonstrated that this lower-bound is essentially achievable.

关键词： Training data Delay Data compression Entropy Jacobian matrices Decoding Markov processes compression algorithms Pattern matching

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Design of context-free grammars for lossless data compression

Design of context-free grammars for lossless data compressio...

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IEEE (first ITW conference of the year) Information Theory Workshop (ITW)

作者： J.C. Kieffer En-hui Yang Department of Electrical &c Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MI USA Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada

Any context-free grammar G generates a language L(G). We are interested in context-free grammars G in which L(G) consists of exactly one string. Given a data string a over a finite alphabet and a context-free grammar G such that L(G)={x} one can reduce G to a simpler grammar G' for which L(G')={x} and for which certain constraints are satisfied. One then losslessly compresses x by losslessly compressing the grammar G'. The redundancy performance of this compression algorithm based upon reduced grammars is discussed.

关键词： Data compression Production Decoding compression algorithms Arithmetic

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A modified fractal transformation to improve the quality of fractal coded images

A modified fractal transformation to improve the quality of ...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： J.F.L. De Oliveira G.V. Mendonca R.J. Dias Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

The discrete fractal transformation has recently emerged as a powerful technique for coding images. The scheme works by dividing an image into blocks and making use of a contraction mapping by which the domain blocks are mapped into range blocks. During this process it is usual to filter the domain blocks. In this work, we show how a change in the filtering procedure can improve the image quality of fractal coding methods based on the mentioned transformation. After a presentation of the discrete fractal transformation, we explain the change and apply it to the quadtree-based fractal scheme obtaining improvements in PSNR that can reach 1 dB when compared with the results obtained by traditional filtering.

关键词： Fractals Image coding Filtering Extraterrestrial measurements Image quality PSNR Noise measurement Filters Shape compression algorithms

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A study of the performance gain obtained in image coding by using eventually contractive discrete fractal transformations

A study of the performance gain obtained in image coding by ...

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IEEE Symposium on Advances in Digital Filtering and Signal Processing

作者： J.F.L. de Oliveira G.V. Mendonca R.J. Dias Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

In the last few years, the discrete fractal transformation has been applied to image coding in order to obtain high compression rates. The coding scheme works by dividing an image into range blocks that are approximated, through a contractive fractal transformation, by lowpass filtered versions of the domain blocks selected in the image itself. It is reported by Fisher (1994) that using eventually contractive fractal transformations one can improve the compressed image quality. However, no explanation is given to justify this fact. We address this issue by relating this improvement to the filtering process of the domain blocks.

关键词： Performance gain Image coding Fractals Convergence Extraterrestrial measurements Image quality Shape Filtering Iterative decoding compression algorithms

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Efficient SNR-scalability in predictive video coding

Efficient SNR-scalability in predictive video coding

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： K. Rose Peng Wu S.L. Regunathan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara CA USA

A new method is proposed for efficient SNR scalability in predictive video coding. It is of low complexity, and it is applicable to standard DCT-based video compression with motion compensation. Information that is only available to the enhancement layers is exploited to improve the quality of their frame prediction without compromising the usefulness of the compressed data provided by the base layer(s). More specifically, the next frame prediction for use by an enhancement-layer decoder is obtained by combining, or switching between transform coefficients from: i) the reconstructed base-layer frame; and ii) the predicted enhancement-layer frame. The combining rule depends on the compressed residual of the base layer, and on the parameters used for this compression. The method is applied to standard DCT-based predictive video coding, and preliminary simulation shows consistent, substantial improvement in the performance of enhancement layers. The proposed method may be easily combined with known temporal scalability methods to provide further improvement of the performance of enhancement layers over a wide range of bit rates.

关键词： Video coding Decoding Video compression Scalability Motion compensation Predictive models Bit rate Delay compression algorithms Bandwidth

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On combining watermarking with perceptual coding

On combining watermarking with perceptual coding

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： J. Lacy S.R. Quackenbush A.R. Reibman D. Shur J.H. Snyder AT and T Research Laboratories Holmdel NJ USA

A watermark is a data stream inserted into multimedia content. It contains information relevant to the ownership or authorized use of the content. A watermark which could be recovered without a priori knowledge of the identity of the content could be used by Web search mechanisms to flag unauthorized distribution of the content. Since media will be compressed on these sites, a mark detection algorithm that operated in the compressed domain would be useful. We describe a watermark algorithm which operates in the compressed domain and does not require a reference.

关键词： Watermarking compression algorithms Streaming media Video compression Bit rate Search engines Protection Cryptography Containers Robustness

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