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A new approach to biogeographical subdivision

RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF MARINE BIOLOGY 2009年第1期35卷 79-86页

作者： Sukhanov, V. V. Ivanov, O. A. Russian Acad Sci Far E Div Zhirmunsky Inst Marine Biol Vladivostok 690041 Russia Pacific Res Fisheries Ctr Vladivostok 690950 Russia

The authors propose a new approach permitting subdivision of a water area into sectors, each including species with a similar biogeographical status. This approach relies on computer methods for construction of maps presenting the spatial distribution of continuous fields. The method is illustrated by data on the nekton from the north-western Sea of Japan. Different modifications of the method and prospects of its further development are discussed.

关键词： biogeographical zoning methods computer algorithm

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THE EARLIEST DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION

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ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE 1994年第1期45卷 31-44页

作者： ROZENMAN, Y GOTSMAN, MS Cardiology Department Hadassah University Hospital P.O. Box 12000 Ein Kerem Jerusalem Israel

Acute myocardial infarction results from the cessation of myocardial blood flow caused by thrombotic occlusion of a coronary artery. Rapid restoration of blood flow to the ischemic myocardium minimizes cardiac damage and improves early and long-term morbidity and mortality. Chest pain is the first symptom of myocardial infarction, but in some patients with silent ischemia, the disease can be diagnosed only in retrospect. In symptomatic patients, myocardial infarction should be accurately and promptly diagnosed so that reperfusion therapy can begin immediately. Electrocardiography is the simplest diagnostic modality. Although regional ST-segment elevation is specific, it is not sensitive. In contrast, new computerized algorithms for electrocardiographic analysis and serial monitoring increase sensitivity without decreasing specificity. In the emergency room, echocardiography is used to diagnose patients with no prior history of coronary artery disease whose electrocardiograms proved nondiagnostic. Time-consuming perfusion nuclear studies are inferior to echocardiography but may nevertheless enable physicians to diagnose myocardial infarction in the emergency room. Although the presence of excess creatine kinase is a sign of myocardial necrosis, its increase is delayed for a few hours after coronary occlusion. Doctors can diagnose myocardial infarction as early as two hours after coronary occlusion with the help of simpler automatic assays of MB-creatine kinase mass that use monoclonal antibodies. Other investigational markers of myocardial necrosis include myoglobin and troponin. Elevation of a circulating protein marker also signifies established necrosis, but physicians hope to achieve reperfusion through therapy before irreversible damage occurs.

关键词： CORONARY THROMBOSIS REPERFUSION ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY computer algorithm MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

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Rapid and automated processing of MALDI-FTICR/MS data for ¹⁵N-metabolic labeling in a shotgun proteomics analysis

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009年第1-3期287卷 27-31页

作者： Jing, Li Amster, I. Jonathan Univ Georgia Dept Chem Athens GA 30602 USA

Offline high performance liquid chromatography combined with matrix assisted laser desorption and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (HPLC-MALDI-FTICR/MS) provides the means to rapidly analyze complex mixtures of peptides, such as those produced by proteolytic digestion of a proteome. This method is particularly useful for making quantitative measurements of changes in protein expression by using N-15-metabolic labeling. Proteolytic digestion of combined labeled and unlabeled proteomes produces complex mixtures with many mass overlaps when analyzed by HPLC-MALDI-FTICR/MS. A significant challenge to data analysis is the matching of pairs of peaks which represent an unlabeled peptide and its labeled counterpart. We have developed an algorithm and incorporated it into a computer program which significantly accelerates the interpretation of 15N-metabolic labeling data by automating the process of identifying unlabeled/labeled peak pairs. The algorithm takes advantage of the high resolution and mass accuracy of FTICR mass spectrometry. The algorithm is shown to be able to successfully identify the N-15/N-14 peptide pairs and calculate peptide relative abundance ratios in highly complex mixtures from the proteolytic digest of a whole organism protein extract. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： FTICR MALDI Proteomics computer algorithm

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IDENTIFICATION OF SEQUENCE MOTIFS FROM A SET OF PROTEINS WITH RELATED FUNCTION

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PROTEIN ENGINEERING 1994年第2期7卷 165-171页

作者： SAQI, MAS STERNBERG, MJE Biomolecular Modelling Laboratory Imperial Cancer Research Fund PO Box 123 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields London WCia 3PX UK

The automatic identification of moths associated with a given function is an important challenge for molecular sequence analysis. A method is presented for the extraction of such patterns from large sets of unaligned sequences with related but general function, for example, a set of heat shock proteins. In such a set of proteins there can often be several subfamilies each characterized by one or more distinct moths. The aim is to develop computational tools to identify these moths. The algorithm presented locates high frequency words of length k with a given number of positions, r, fixed. statistics for a binomial distribution are used to assess the significance of the words. The high-frequency words are clustered and highly populated clusters retained. The composition of the clusters is displayed graphically. A set of moths associated with the sequence family can automatically be extracted. The method is benchmarked on a set of 106 heat shock sequences and a set of 257 toxin sequences. It is shown to recover previously identified motifs.

关键词： computer algorithm CONSENSUS PATTERN MODELING PREDICTION OF PROTEIN FUNCTION SEQUENCE PATTERN

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SOME EXACT CONDITIONAL TESTS OF INDEPENDENCE FOR RXC CROSS-CLASSIFICATION TABLES

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PSYCHOMETRIKA 1977年第1期42卷 111-125页

作者： AGRESTI, A WACKERLY, D UNIV FLORIDA CTR NUCL SCIDEPT STATGAINESVILLEFL 32611

Exact conditional tests of independence in cross-classification tables are formulated based on theχ2statistic and statistics with stronger operational interpretations, such as some nominal and ordinal measures of association. Guidelines for the table dimensions and sample sizes for which the tests are economically implemented on a computer are given. Some selected sample sizes and marginal distributions are used in a numerical comparison between the significance levels of the approximate and exact conditional tests based on theχ2statisti

关键词： chi-square test computer algorithm contingency tables exact test independence ordinal and nominal measures of association

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THE OXYGEN STATUS OF THE ARTERIAL BLOOD REVISED - RELEVANT OXYGEN PARAMETERS FOR MONITORING THE ARTERIAL OXYGEN AVAILABILITY

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SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY INVESTIGATION 1990年第S203期50卷 17-28页

作者： SIGGAARDANDERSEN, O GOTHGEN, IH WIMBERLEY, PD FOGHANDERSEN, N GENTOFTE HOSP DEPT ANAESTHESIADK-2900 COPENHAGENDENMARK HERNING HOSP DEPT CLIN CHEMDK-7400 HERNINGDENMARK

The new generation of very accurate multiwavelength oximeters, e.g. OSM3, for in vitro measurement of the hemoglobin oxygen saturation, total hemoglobin concentration, and carboxy- and methemoglobin fractions opens new aspects of oxygen monitoring. Combined with the data from the blood gas analyzer (e.g. ABL300) these very accurate measurements allow the calculation of several derived oxygen parameters on the basis of a set of newly developed calculation algorithms. The traditional parameters obtained from an arterial sample are the oxygen tension (pO2) and the hemoglobin oxygen saturation (sO2). Clinical examples illustrate that the pO2 and the sO2 even in combination may give misleading information. The new algorithm calculates three extra oxygen parameters. 1) The oxygen extraction tension, p(x), defined as the tension required to extract 2.3 mmol of oxygen per liter blood. It signals the mixed venous pO2 level on the assumption that the arterio-venous oxygen difference is normal (2.3 mmol/L). 2) The concentration of extractable oxygen, c(x), defined as the concentration of oxygen extracted at a tension of 5.0 kPa. 3) The oxygen compensation factor, Q(x), derived as (2.3 mmol/L)/c(x). It may be interpreted as the increase in cardiac output necessary to maintain a normal mixed venous pO2 of 5 kPa. These three parameters indicate the oxygen availability of the blood and summarize important properties of the arterial blood in relation to oxygen supply of the tissues, including the arterial pO2, the 'active' hemoglobin concentration (equivalent to the oxygen capacity), and the hemoglobin oxygen affinity (p50). The set of data measured with the blood gas analyzer, e.g. the ABL300 combined with the data measured with the OSM3 contains much more information than is routinely utilized. This information is extracted and summarized by our calculation algorithm. Omitting the calculation of the extra oxygen parameters involves a risk of losing valuable information.

关键词： ACID-BASE STATUS CARBON DIOXIDE computer algorithm 2,3-DIPHOSPHOGLYCERATE HEMOGLOBIN HEMOGLOBIN-OXYGEN AFFINITY PH PHYSIOLOGY RESPIRATION

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A Novel Perturbative Iteration algorithm for Effective and Efficient Solution of Frequency-Dependent Eigenvalue Problems

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2012年第3期4卷 325-339页

作者： Rongming Lin School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversityNanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore

Many engineering structures exhibit frequency dependent characteristics and analyses of these structures lead to frequency dependent eigenvalue *** paper presents a novel perturbative iteration(PI)algorithm which can be used to effectively and efficiently solve frequency dependent eigenvalue problems of general frequency dependent *** formulations of the proposed method are developed and based on these formulations,a computer algorithm is *** numerical case examples are given to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed *** all modes are included,the method is exact and when only a subset of modes are used,very accurate results are obtained.

关键词： Frequency dependent eigenvalue problem structural vibration computer algorithm damped structural vibration perturbative iteration eigenvalue and eigenvector sensitivity

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A MORE POWERFUL METHOD FOR TESTING FOR AGREEMENT BETWEEN A JUDGE AND A KNOWN STANDARD

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PSYCHOMETRIKA 1983年第2期48卷 183-193页

作者： WACKERLY, DD ROBINSON, DH Department of Statistics Nuclear Sciences Center University of Florida 32611 Gainesville Florida

We assume that a judge's task is to categorize each ofN subjects into one ofr known classes. The design of primary interest is employed if the judge is presented withs groups, each containingr subjects, such that each group of sizer consists of exactly one subject of each of ther types. The probability distribution for the total number of correct choices is developed and used to test the null hypothesis that the judge is “guessing” in favor of the alternative that he or she is operating at a better than chance level. The power of the procedure is shown to be superior to two other procedures which appear in the literature.

关键词： nominal data power comparisons computer algorithm exact results large sample approximation

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How can computerized interpretation algorithms adapt to gender/age differences in ECG measurements?

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JOURNAL OF ELECTROCARDIOLOGY 2014年第6期47卷 849-855页

作者： Xue, Joel Farrell, Robert M. GE Healthcare Wauwatosa WI 53226 USA

It is well known that there are gender differences in 12 lead ECG measurements, some of which can be statistically significant. It is also an accepted practice that we should consider those differences when we interpret ECGs, by either a human overreader or a computerized algorithm. There are some major gender differences in 12 lead ECG measurements based on automatic algorithms, including global measurements such as heart rate, QRS duration, QT interval, and lead-by-lead measurements like QRS amplitude, ST level, etc. The interpretation criteria used in the automatic algorithms can be adapted to the gender differences in the measurements. The analysis of a group of 1339 patients with acute inferior MI showed that for patients under age 60, women had lower ST elevations at the J point in lead II than men (57 +/- 91 mu V vs. 86 +/- 117 mu V, p < 0.02). This trend was reversed for patients over age 60 (lead aVF: 102 +/- 126 mu V vs. 84 +/- 117 mu V, p < 0.04;lead III: 130 +/- 146 mu V vs. 103 +/- 131 mu V, p < 0.007). Therefore, the ST elevation thresholds were set based on available gender and age information, which resulted in 25% relative sensitivity improvement for women under age 60, while maintaining a high specificity of 98%. Similar analyses were done for prolonged QT interval and LVH cases. The paper uses several design examples to demonstrate (1) how to design a gender-specific algorithm, and (2) how to design a robust ECG interpretation algorithm which relies less on absolute threshold-based criteria and is instead more reliant on overall morphology features, which are especially important when gender information is unavailable for automatic analysis. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： ECG interpretation computer algorithm Gender Sex Age

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AUTONOMOUS RING FORMATION FOR A PLANAR CONSTELLATION OF SATELLITES

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JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS 1995年第5期18卷 1215-1217页

作者： MCINNES, CR University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland United Kingdom

A method is studied that allows the autonomous formation of a ring of satellites. The method uses information of the intersatellite spacing to generate low-thrust radial and transverse control accelerations. Using the concept of potential functions, the uniform ring is seen as a minimum energy configuration of the system. The control accelerations ensure that the potential function of the entire system monotonically decreases so that this minimum energy configuration is achieved from any initial configuration. It is believed that such autonomous methods may provide significant operational advantages for future multisatellite rings for global point-to-point communications. (AIAA)

关键词： Satellites Constellations Celestial Mechanics Earth Transient Response Aerospace Engineering Spherical Harmonics Spacecraft Control computer algorithm Nonlinear Systems

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