We present a low-cost overlay alignment metrology solution for nanoimprint lithography that uses optical microscopy, displacement-sensing algorithms, and specially-designed imprint molds that include shallow alignment...
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We present a low-cost overlay alignment metrology solution for nanoimprint lithography that uses optical microscopy, displacement-sensing algorithms, and specially-designed imprint molds that include shallow alignment marks that are visible to the optical system but do not pattern the wafer. This innovation reduces measurement distances to near zero, the optimal distance for displacement-sensing algorithms, and allows for alignment marks to occupy the same piece of wafer real estate without interfering in any way, thus saving silicon area. Additionally, the method we present does not require the comparison of alignment marks between the wafer and the mold, thus removing process variations as a variable. We fabricate the shallow-mark molds, show that the shallow alignment marks indeed do not leave a mark on the wafer, and, implementing our nDSE (nanoscale displacement sensing and estimation) techniques, we demonstrate nanoscale alignment to a precision of 35 nm, 1 - sigma. Given sufficient engineering refinement, we would fully anticipate achieving alignment errors down to the 1 nm range using these methods.
We present an algorithm for the enhancement of contrast in digitized archive photographic prints. It aims at producing an adaptive enhancement based on the local context of each pixel and is able to operate without di...
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We present an algorithm for the enhancement of contrast in digitized archive photographic prints. It aims at producing an adaptive enhancement based on the local context of each pixel and is able to operate without direct user's intervention. A relation between the variation of contrast at different resolutions and the local Lipschitz regularity of the image is exploited. In this way, each pixel is defaded according to its nature: noise, edge, or smooth region. This strategy provides for an algorithm that drastically reduces typical, annoying artifacts like halo effects and noise amplification. Copyright (c) 2009 V. Bruni et al.
This paper envisions coding with side information to design a highly scalable video codec. To achieve fine-grained scalability in terms of resolution, quality, and spatial access as well as temporal access to individu...
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This paper envisions coding with side information to design a highly scalable video codec. To achieve fine-grained scalability in terms of resolution, quality, and spatial access as well as temporal access to individual frames, the JPEG 2000 coding algorithm has been considered as the reference algorithm to encode INTRA information, and coding with side information has been envisioned to refresh the blocks that change between two consecutive images of a video sequence. One advantage of coding with side information compared to conventional closed-loop hybrid video coding schemes lies in the fact that parity bits are designed to correct stochastic errors and not to encode deterministic prediction errors. This enables the codec to support some desynchronization between the encoder and the decoder, which is particularly helpful to adapt on the fly pre-encoded content to fluctuating network resources and/or user preferences in terms of regions of interest. Regarding the coding scheme itself, to preserve both quality scalability and compliance to the JPEG 2000 wavelet representation, a particular attention has been devoted to the definition of a practical coding framework able to exploit not only the temporal but also spatial correlation among wavelet subbands coefficients, while computing the parity bits on subsets of wavelet bit-planes. Simulations have shown that compared to pure INTRA-based conditional replenishment solutions, the addition of the parity bits option decreases the transmission cost in terms of bandwidth, while preserving access flexibility. Copyright (C) 2009 F.-O. Devaux and C. De Vleeschouwer.
The distributed video coding paradigmenables video codecs to operate with reversed complexity, in which the complexity is shifted from the encoder toward the decoder. Its performance is heavily dependent on the qualit...
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The distributed video coding paradigmenables video codecs to operate with reversed complexity, in which the complexity is shifted from the encoder toward the decoder. Its performance is heavily dependent on the quality of the side information generated by motio estimation at the decoder. We compare the rate-distortion performance of different side-information estimators, for both temporally and spatially scalable Wyner-Ziv codecs. For the temporally scalable codec we compared an established method with a new algorithm that uses a linear-motion model to produce side-information. As a continuation of previous works, in this paper, we propose to use a super-resolution method to upsample the nonkey frame, for the spatial scalable codec, using the key frames as reference. We verify the performance of the spatial scalable WZ coding using the state-of-the-art video coding standard H.264/AVC. Copyright (C) 2009 Bruno Macchiavello et al.
As the first book to share the necessary algorithms for creating code to experiment with design problems in the processing language, this book offers a series of generic procedures that can function as building blocks...
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ISBN:
(数字)9780470503188
ISBN:
(纸本)9780470375488
As the first book to share the necessary algorithms for creating code to experiment with design problems in the processing language, this book offers a series of generic procedures that can function as building blocks and encourages you to then use those building blocks to experiment, explore, and channel your thoughts, ideas, and principles into potential solutions. The book covers such topics as structured shapes, solid geometry, networking and databases, physical computing, image processing, graphic user interfaces, and more.
The Best-Known algorithms Currently Used in the Data Mining CommunityContributions from recognized leaders in the fieldIdentifying some of the most influential algorithms that are widely used in the data mining commun...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781420089653
ISBN:
(纸本)9781420089646
The Best-Known algorithms Currently Used in the Data Mining CommunityContributions from recognized leaders in the fieldIdentifying some of the most influential algorithms that are widely used in the data mining community, The Top Ten algorithms in Data Mining provides a description of each algorithm, discusses its impact, and reviews current and future research. Thoroughly evaluated by independent reviewers, each chapter focuses on a particular algorithm and is written by either the original authors of the algorithm or world-class researchers who have extensively studied the respective *** book concentrates on the following important algorithms: C4.5, k-Means, SVM, Apriori, EM, PageRank, AdaBoost, kNN, Naive Bayes, and CART. Examples illustrate how each algorithm works and highlight its overall performance in a real-world application. The text covers key topics—including classification, clustering, statistical learning, association analysis, and link mining—in data mining research and development as well as in data mining, machine learning, and artificial intelligence *** naming the leading algorithms in this field, this book encourages the use of data mining techniques in a broader realm of real-world applications. It should inspire more data mining researchers to further explore the impact and novel research issues of these algorithms.
We consider a class of decentralized formation flying control algorithms that stem from assigning the closed loop poles for the Multi-Input-Multi-Output formation system, and examine the role communication plays. Firs...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424445233
We consider a class of decentralized formation flying control algorithms that stem from assigning the closed loop poles for the Multi-Input-Multi-Output formation system, and examine the role communication plays. First we revisit Smith and Hadaegh [2007], where as many parallel estimators as there are spacecraft are used. We show an intuitive way of demonstrating the existing results, and by a re-interpretation of the quantities communicated, extend the results to the case where observability of the full formation state at each spacecraft is not available. Next we show that the pole-placement formation control can be carried out with only one estimator and no communication, for the double-integrator system used to model deep space formation flying. We treat the task of having one estimator on each spacecraft as separate from the task of control, and show how it can be accomplished with communication.
A nonlinear fluid flow model is used in this paper to analyze and control DiffServ Networks. The controller design is based on the integrated dynamic congestion control strategy. In this paper different second order s...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424445233
A nonlinear fluid flow model is used in this paper to analyze and control DiffServ Networks. The controller design is based on the integrated dynamic congestion control strategy. In this paper different second order sliding mode controllers are proposed to solve the infinite switching problem. The same as standard sliding mode control, second order sliding mode technique is also robust to model uncertainties and disturbances, meanwhile overcome the inherent chattering problem which is more acceptable in application. The performance of the control algorithms are verified by the simulation results.
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