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Turing’s Vision: The Birth of computer Science

2016年

作者： Chris Bernhardt

ISBN: (纸本)9780262034548

In 1936, when he was just twenty-four years old, Alan Turing wrote a remarkable paper in which he outlined the theory of computation, laying out the ideas that underlie all modern computers. This groundbreaking and powerful theory now forms the basis of computer science. In Turing's Vision, Chris Bernhardt explains the theory, Turing's most important contribution, for the general reader. Bernhardt argues that the strength of Turing's theory is its simplicity, and that, explained in a straightforward manner, it is eminently understandable by the nonspecialist. As Marvin Minsky writes, "The sheer simplicity of the theory's foundation and extraordinary short path from this foundation to its logical and surprising conclusions give the theory a mathematical beauty that alone guarantees it a permanent place in computer theory." Bernhardt begins with the foundation and systematically builds to the surprising conclusions. He also views Turing's theory in the context of mathematical history, other views of computation (including those of Alonzo Church), Turing's later work, and the birth of the modern computer. In the paper, "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem," Turing thinks carefully about how humans perform computation, breaking it down into a sequence of steps, and then constructs theoretical machines capable of performing each step. Turing wanted to show that there were problems that were beyond any computer's ability to solve; in particular, he wanted to find a decision problem that he could prove was undecidable. To explain Turing's ideas, Bernhardt examines three well-known decision problems to explore the concept of undecidability; investigates theoretical computing machines, including Turing machines; explains universal machines; and proves that certain problems are undecidable, including Turing's problem concerning computable numbers.

关键词： Turing, Alan Mathison, computer engineering Mathematicians computer algorithms History. History. Great Britain Great Britain

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The French history of computing scene: The 80th Public Meeting of the computer Conservation Society, London, 8 December 2005

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IEEE ANNALS OF THE HISTORY OF COMPUTING 2006年第2期28卷 63-67页

作者： Anderson, David Kansai Univ Suita Osaka Japan

Information about the topics discussed at the 80th public meeting of the computer Conservation Society on December 8, 2005 at London Science Museum in England is presented. The meeting focused on the history of French computing devices. It tackled calculating machines and punched cards like Pascal, the Arithmometer of Thomas de Colmar and tables of logarithms of de Prony's. It gave insights on the story of the French software industry which developed various mathematical tools. It also honored the Association for an Academy of Data Processing and Telematics for being responsible in preserving the computing heritage in France. The meeting featured the members of the computer Conservation Society, Philippe Denoyelle and Hans Paufal, as speakers.

关键词： CONFERENCES & conventions PUNCHED card systems computer software industry computer algorithms CALCULATORS PUBLIC meetings PASCAL (computer program language) LOGARITHMS

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Interactive procedural computer-aided design

Interactive procedural computer-aided design

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9th International Conference on computer Aided Design and computer Graphics

作者： Séquin, CH Univ Calif Berkeley CS Div Berkeley CA 94720 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769524737

The typical engineering design process can be decomposed into several phases: creative exploration of ideas, testing soundness of proposed concepts, refining concepts to realizable solutions, optimizing viable solutions with respect to performance/cost. Powerful computer algorithms have been developed for many of these tasks. Often these modules are rigid allowing for little intervention by the designer, and the management of the interactions of these tasks mostly relies on human intelligence. Better user interfaces are required to integrate more fully human ingenuity and the assistance of the computer into the overall design process. The most powerful CAD systems should combine the power of programming, graphical visualization, and interactive adjustment of crucial design parameters.

关键词： CAD interactive systems CAD systems engineering design interactive procedural computer-aided design user interfaces computer aided design system User Interface Device Component interactive systems design engineering computer algorithms design parameter Soundness Interactive Religious Missions design process

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computer simulations of the ROUSE model: An analytic simulation technique and a comparison between the error variance-covariance and bootstrap methods for estimating parameter confidence

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BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS 2006年第4期38卷 557-568页

作者： Huber, David E. Univ Calif San Diego Dept Psychol La Jolla CA 92093 USA

This article provides important mathematical descriptions and computer algorithms in relation to the responding optimally with unknown sources of evidence (ROUSE) model of Huber, Shiffrin Lyle, and Ruys (2001), which has been applied to short-term prindng phenomena. In the first section, techniques for obtaining parameter confidence intervals and parameter correlations are described, which are generally applicable to any mathematical model. In the second section, a technique for producing analytic ROUSE predictions is described. Huber et al. (2001) averaged many stochastic trials to obtain stable behavior. By appropriately weighting all possible combinations of feature states, an alternative analytic version is developed, yielding asymptotic model behavior with fewer computations. The third section ties together these separate techniques, obtaining parameter confidence and correlations for the analytic version of the ROUSE model. In doing so, previously unreported behaviors of the model are revealed. In particular, complications due to local minima are discussed, in terms of both variance-covariance analyses and bootstrap sampling analyses.

关键词： computer simulation MATHEMATICAL models computer algorithms RESEARCH -- Methodology BEHAVIORAL research

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The computer ate my personality

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Significance 2017年第3期14卷 6-7页

作者： Olhede, Sofia Rodrigues, Russell University College London United Kingdom UCL Big Data Institute United Kingdom

关键词： computer algorithms LIFE spans (Biology) LIFE expectancy VITAL statistics EARLY death

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A computer program package for introductory one-dimensional digital signal processing applications

A computer program package for introductory one-dimensional ...

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作者： Frank Edward Hudik NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

学位级别：硕士

A need exists for a set of computer programs that can be used by students to solve elementary digital signal processing problems using a personal computer. This project involved the design and implementation of ten algorithms that solve such problems and an additional algorithm that creates plots of the various input and output sequences. The two primary goals of the programs were: 1) user friendliness and, 2) portability. With these goals in mind, the source code was written using Fortran-77 and compiled by a commercially available Fortran compiler specifically designed for personal computers. The plotting program uses a Fortran-compatible graphics package that is also com- mercially available. The programs, once compiled, can be distributed to users without the requirement to purchase either a Fortran compiler or a graphics package; however, access to a Fortran compiler enhances the utility of the programs.

关键词： DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING DISCRETE SYSTEMS computer algorithms FREQUENCY RESPONSE FOURIER TRANSFORM DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS SYSTEM STATES CONVOLUTION CORRETATTON PERIODOGRAM

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An adaptive semiactive control algorithm for magnetorheological suspension systems

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JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 2005年第5期127卷 493-502页

作者： Song, XB Ahmadian, M Southward, S Miller, LR Eaton Corp Innovat Ctr Southfield MI 48076 USA Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ Dept Engn Mech Adv Vehicle Dynam Lab Blacksburg VA 24060 USA Lord Corp Thomas Lord Res Ctr Cary NC 27511 USA

In this paper we will present a nonlinear-model-based adaptive semiactive control algorithm developed for magnetorheological (MR) suspension systems exposed to broadband nonstationary random vibration sources that are assumed to be unknown or not measurable. If there exist unknown and/or varying parameters of the dynamic system such as mass and stiffness, then the adaptive algorithm can include on-line system identification such as a recursive least-squares method. Based on a nonparametric MR damper model, the adaptive system stability is proved by converting the hysteresis inherent with MR dampers to a memoryless nonlinearity with sector conditions. The convergence of the adaptive system, however is investigated through a linearization approach including further numerical, illustration of specific cases. Finally the simulation results for a magnetorheological seat suspension system with the suggested adaptive control are presented. The results are compared with low-damping and high-damping cases, and such comparison further shows the effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear model-based adaptive control algorithm for damping timing.

关键词： Converge System identification DAMPER Dynamic systems Suspension System Sectoring computer algorithms Adaptive systems Self tuning adaptive control

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A Novel Method Based on Oblique Projection Technology for Mixed Sources Estimation

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MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING 2014年第1期2014卷 1-12页

作者： Si, Weijian Li, Xiaolin Jiang, Yilin Wan, Liangtian Harbin Engn Univ Coll Informat & Commun Engn Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

Reducing the computational complexity of the near-field sources and far-field sources localization algorithms has been considered as a serious problem in the field of array signal processing. A novel algorithm caring for mixed sources location estimation based on oblique projection is proposed in this paper. The sources are estimated at two different stages and the sensor noise power is estimated and eliminated from the covariance which improve the accuracy of the estimation of mixed sources. Using the idea of compress, the range information of near-field sources is obtained by searching the partial area instead of the whole Fresnel area which can reduce the processing time. Compared with the traditional algorithms, the proposed algorithm has the lower computation complexity and has the ability to solve the two closed-spaced sources with high resolution and accuracy. The duplication of range estimation is also avoided. Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.

关键词： OBLIQUE projection ESTIMATION theory COMPUTATIONAL complexity NEAR-fields computer algorithms SIGNAL processing

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Numerical Study of High Gradient Thermobuoyant Flow in a Tilted Cavity Using a Novel Non-Boussinesq Algorithm

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NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART A-APPLICATIONS 2010年第12期58卷 984-1003页

作者： Hosseinizadeh, S. F. Darbandi, M. Heidarnataj, M. Babol Univ Technol Babol Sar Mazandaran Iran Sharif Univ Technol Dept Aerosp Engn Ctr Excellence Aerosp Syst Tehran Iran Islamic Azad Univ Sama Org Babol Sar Iran

We study the natural convection heat transfer in a tilted square cavity with different tilt angles. The cavity is subject to a high gradient temperature resulting in high Rayleigh number flows. The fluid is air and is treated as an ideal gas. The flow is laminar. The fluid properties change with temperature variation using Sutherland's law. Because of imposing large temperature gradients to the two cavity opposite walls, there is substantial density variation in the domain. We use a novel non-Boussinesq algorithm to model the density variation fully. Therefore, the current results are considerably different from those obtained using the classical Boussinesq-based methods, which replace the density variation with the temperature changes. The differences become serious as the Rayleigh number increases. The outcome of this study emphasizes that the numerical heat transfer researchers should simulate high thermobuoyant flow domains via applying variable density-based algorithms instead of using the classical Boussinesq-based methods.

关键词： HEAT transfer HEAT -- Convection, Natural HIGH temperatures RAYLEIGH number computer algorithms BUOYANT convection SIMULATION methods & models

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Relativized codes

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THEORETICAL computer SCIENCE 2012年 429卷 54-64页

作者： Daley, Mark Juergensen, Helmut Kari, Lila Mahalingam, Kalpana Univ Western Ontario Dept Comp Sci London ON N6A 5B7 Canada IIT Madras Dept Math Madras 600036 Tamil Nadu India

A code C over an alphabet Sigma is a set of words such that every word in C+ has a unique factorization over C, that is, a unique C-decoding. When not all words in C+ appear as messages, a weaker notion of unique factorization can be used. Thus we consider codes C relative to a given set of messages L, such that each word in L has a unique C-decoding. We extend this idea of relativizing code concepts to restricted message spaces. In general terms, from a predicate P defining a class of codes, P-codes, we derive a relativized version of such codes, P-codes relative to a given language L. In essence, C subset of Sigma(+) is a P-code relative to L subset of Sigma(+) if P is true on its domain restricted to L. This systematic approach leads to the relativization of the definitions of many classes of codes, including prefix, suffix, bifix and solid codes. It can also be applied to certain classes of languages, like overlap-free languages, which are not codes, but which can be defined using a similar logical framework. In this paper, we explore the mechanism of this relativization and compare it to other existing methods for relativizing code properties to restricted message spaces. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： CODING theory FACTORIZATION (Mathematics) INFORMATION theory computer science computer software computer algorithms

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