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Bioscience and Medical Technology: From the Earth to Space and Back

JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING 2013年第2期26卷 451-458页

作者： Myers, Jerry Stauber, Laurel Weaver, Aaron McKay, Terri Harrivel, Angela Hepp, Aloysius NASA Bio Sci & Technol Branch Glenn Res Ctr Cleveland OH 44135 USA NASA Technol Collaborat Glenn Res Ctr Cleveland OH 44135 USA NASA Glenn Res Ctr Cleveland OH 44135 USA

Throughout the 70-year history of NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), technology development efforts that promoted advancement in aeronautics technologies, aerospace sciences, materials for hostile environments, and microgravity physics have also enabled the maturation of technologies that have affected medical practice on Earth, in the air, and in space. GRC's unique skill mix, required for aeronautics research and space exploration, ultimately also advanced the development of a wide array of capabilities applicable to biomedical engineering. This paper presents a historical review of notable biomedical endeavors at GRC that have addressed common and uncommon medical conditions afflicting both astronauts and non-astronauts. It also highlights the unique physiological stressors associated with residing in space. The physiological changes associated with these stimuli present evolving challenges for researchers to devise new and innovative medical interventions and technologies. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000279. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.

关键词： Aerospace engineering Aerospace medicine Bioengineering Biosciences computer models Community relations Data communication Data analysis Space exploration Space life support systems

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Bioluminescence spectra of native and mutant firefly luciferases as a function of pH

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BIOCHEMISTRY-MOSCOW 2005年第11期70卷 1262-1267页

作者： Ugarova, NN Maloshenok, LG Uporov, IV Koksharov, MI Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ Fac Chem Dept Chem Enzymol Moscow 119899 Russia

Bioluminescence spectra of the wild-type recombinant Luciola mingrelica firefly luciferase and its mutant form with the His433Tyr point mutation were obtained within the pH 5.6-10.2 interval. The spectra are shown to be a superposition of the spectra of the three forms of the electronically excited reaction product oxyluciferin: ketone (lambda(max) = 618 nm), enol (lambda(max) = 587 nm), and enolate-ion (lambda(max) = 556 nm). The shift in lambda(max) by 40 nm to the red region in the mutant luciferase bioluminescence at the pH optimum of enzyme activity (pH 7.8) is explained by the change in the relative content of different oxyluciferin forms due to the shift in the ketone <-> enol <-> enolate equilibria. A computer model of the luciferase-oxyluciferin-AMP complex was constructed and the structure of amino acid residues participating in the equilibrium is proposed. computer models of the protein region near the His433 residue for the wild type and mutant luciferases are also proposed. Comparison of the models shows that the His433Tyr mutation increases flexibility of the polypeptide loop that binds the N and C domains of luciferase. As a result, the flexibility of the C domain amino acid residues in the emitter microenvironment increases, and this increase may be the reason for the observed differences in the bioluminescence spectra of the native and mutant luciferases.

关键词： firefly luciferase luciferin ATP bioluminescence spectra protein structure computer models amino acid mutation

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Application of computers in diabetes care - A review .1. computers for data collection and interpretation

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MEDICAL INFORMATICS 1995年第4期20卷 281-302页

作者： Lehmann, ED Deutsch, T ST BARTHOLOMEWS HOSP ROYAL HOSP NHS TRUST ACAD DEPT RADIOL LONDON ENGLAND

The paper reviews the contribution of information technology (IT) to diabetes care. An appraisal of this topic with respect to insulin-dependent (ripe 1) diabetic patients is carried out in view of the landmark findings of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial(DCCT) which has demonstrated that maintaining tight blood glucose control can delay the onset and slow the progression of the later life complications of diabetes. The review starts with the clinical background and the main features of the control schema in which diabetic patients receive insulin therapy. hn overview is then provided of recent IT initiatives in diabetes care, and the application of IT techniques to assist in the diagnosis and characterization of patients with diabetes mellitus is considered. The role of IT approaches for short-term glycaemic control is discussed and the utilization of computers for collecting, viewing and interpreting home monitoring blood glucose data is reviewed;both quantitative and qualitative techniques bring considered. In the second paper the role of decision support tools for planning insulin therapy using clinical algorithms, hand-held devices, knowledge-based approaches, telemedicine techniques and interactive simulations is reviewed, and the validation and clinical evaluation of these tools is discussed. The likely impact of the routine clinical application of implantable/non-invasive blood glucose monitoring devices is also considered. Finally, the application of computers as teaching tools is reviewed and the ways in which such educational approaches might be applied for disseminating the benefits of the DCCT trial more widely are discussed.

关键词： information technology diabetes mellitus diagnostic assistants blood glucose controllers electronic log-books data viewers data interpreters dynamic simulators computer models

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MODELING OIL FORMATION AND MIGRATION IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE SUEZ RIFT, EGYPT

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ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY 1986年第1-3期10卷 247-260页

作者： UNGERER, P CHENET, PY MORETTI, I CHIARELLI, A OUDIN, JL SOC NATL ELF AQUITANE PROD ELF F-92080 PARISFRANCE TOTAL F-33605 PESSACFRANCE

In order to improve the understanding of the formation and occurrence of hydrocarbons in the Suez sedimentary basin, the whole chain of geological processes leading to the accumulation of oil is reconstructed by the use of geological mathematical models. At first, a geodynamic model of rift formation considering the mantellic convection is used to compute the variations of heat flow through time. A second step is the reconstruction of temperature through time for each point of the basin. This is achieved by a model of heat transfer across the sediments, that makes use of the previously computed heat flows. Finally, the paleotemperatures are used in a third mathematical model that represents the formation and migration of hydrocarbons in two dimensions. The amounts of oil generated are computed from a kinetic model and the migration of oil is computed from the Darcy's law, extended to the polyphasic oil/water flows by the consideration of relative permeabilities. These models have been applied to a typical SW-NE cross-section in the southern part of the Suez rift (Shoab-Ali structure), using literature data. As computed by the model, the formation of hydrocarbons became important 6 Myr B.P. The present depth of oil formation is found to be around 3000 m deep, in good agreement with published data. The computed volume of oil accumulated at the top of the structure (280 million m 3 ) is consistent with the estimation of the oil in place (165 million m 3 ), the difference being explained by the uncertainties on the input data. The parameters that have the greatest influence on oil formation and migration are the paleotemperatures, the petroleum potentials and the assumed geometry of the cross-section. The value of our mathematical models in such examples is that they help to understand the process of oil accumulation in the basin. Afterwards, they make possible to select the parameters favorable to the accumulation of important quantities of oil, or to make quantitative

关键词： modelling computer models oil formation oil generation Suez rift oil migration paleotemperatures

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PASSENGER-TERMINAL SIMULATION-MODEL

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JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING-ASCE 1994年第4期120卷 517-535页

作者： SETTI, JR HUTCHINSON, BG Asst. Prof. Dept. of Transp. Engrg. Univ. of Sao Paulo Sao Carlos Brazil Prof. & Chair Dept. of Civ. Engrg. Univ. of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada

A fluid approximation model for the simulation of passenger terminals is described. It is implemented via a specially designed, high-level, passenger-terminal simulation language, TERMSIM, which is Pascal-based. TERMSIM uses three broad groups of terminal submodels: processors (such as check-in and security), storage (such as ancillary services and hold rooms), and circulation components (such as corridors). The TERMSIM language consists of seven terminal-component names, three flow-control unit names, and six command statements allowing a terminal designer to create a representation of a terminal very quickly. Terminal operations are described by the number of passengers arriving, being served and queuing at the various terminal facilities. The structure of the model is described along with the mechanics underlying some of the terminal-component models and representative parameter magnitudes required by these models. The modeling components of TERMSIM are structured in a modular way allowing the mechanics underlying each model to be rewritten and inserted into the program. A simple example is used to illustrate the programming language, and the capabilities of the model are illustrated.

关键词： Passengers Air transportation Airport terminals computer models Simulation

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DESCRIPTION AND EVALUATION OF PROGRAM CANAL

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JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING 1993年第4期119卷 714-723页

作者： MERKLEY, GP ROGERS, DC US BUR RECLAMAT DENVER CO 80225 USA

CANAL is a computer model that was developed at Utah State University to perform unsteady-flow simulations for branching canal networks. This paper describes the features of the model and discusses its strengths. weaknesses. ana potential applications. Some of the features of a more recent version of the model are contrasted with the version used in this study. Compared to other similar models, CANAL was found to be very robust and user-friendly. and more appropriate for canal-management applications than for hydraulic-design and emergency-operation analyses. Several test data sets compiled by the ASCE Task Committee on irrigation Canal System Hydraulic Modeling were used to evaluate the model. and simulation results are compared to a set of field data from the Cental Arizona Project.

关键词： Canals computer models Unsteady flow Hydraulics Model analysis Numerical models

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On the theory of system administration

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SCIENCE OF computer PROGRAMMING 2003年第1-3期49卷 1-46页

作者： Burgess, M Oslo Univ Coll N-0254 Oslo Norway

This paper describes a mean field approach to defining and implementing policy-based system administration. The concepts of regulation and optimization are used to define the notion of maintenance. These are then used to evaluate stable equilibria of system configuration, that are associated with sustainable policies for system management. Stable policies are thus associated with fixed points of a mapping that describes the evolution of the system. In general, such fixed points are the solutions of strategic games. A consistent system policy is not sufficient to guarantee compliance;the policy must also be implementable and maintainable. The paper proposes two types of model to understand policy driven management of Human-computer systems: (i) average dynamical descriptions of computer system variables which provide a quantitative basis for decision, and (ii) competitive game theoretical descriptions that select optimal courses of action by generalizing the notion of configuration equilibria. It is shown how models can be formulated and simple examples are given. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer models dynamical system system administration mean field theory

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Exploring the bidding situation for economically most advantageous tender projects using a bidding game

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JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 2006年第10期132卷 1037-1042页

作者： Perng, Yeng-Horng Juan, Yi-Kai Chien, Sheng-Fen Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol Dept Architecture Taipei 106 Taiwan

Most open tendering procedures in the real world are highly complex, uncertain, and costly. With an increasing emphasis on the quality and value of procurement, economically most advantageous tender (EMAT) has been widely adopted as an alternative contract-awarding criteria, which has changed competitive strategies in the construction industry. A conceptual model of competitive bidding in EMAT is first established to reflect the credibility of the bidding situation. A bidding game for EMAT projects is performed by 24 participants to partially test the conceptual model. The result reveals that the game has the potential to reveal important factors in the bidding situation, simulate competitive bidding behaviors, and explore competitive advantages in the EMAT bidding process. The learning effect from the game should be useful for contractors who are preparing to deliver optimal tenders in EMAT projects.

关键词： bids economic factors construction industry computer models

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Risk assessment in construction

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JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE 2003年第5期129卷 492-500页

作者： Jannadi, OA Almishari, S King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia Saudi Aramco Dhahran Saudi Arabia

This study is concerned with the assessment of risk for major construction activities. Risk has been defined as a measure of the probability, the severity, and the exposure of all hazards of an activity. A risk assessor model (RAM) was developed and computerized to determine the risk associated with a particular activity and the justification factor for a proposed remedy. Knowing the value of risk would help contractors identify the high risk of major construction activities and would enable them to allocate safety precautions in a more efficient manner.

关键词： computer models risk analysis construction safety

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Predictive Uncertainty in Water-Quality Modeling

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE 2009年第12期135卷 1315-1325页

作者： Chin, David A. Univ Miami Dept Civil Engn Coral Gables FL 33124 USA

A general and integrated approach to parameter identification, model calibration, and estimation of predictive uncertainty in water-quality models is proposed and validated. The proposed approach determines the maximal conditional likelihood functions of each of the model parameters using a transformation that forces the model errors to be normally distributed, with predictive uncertainty characterized by random normally distributed and homoscedastic model errors in the transform space. The proposed approach is demonstrated using a watershed-scale model to predict the fecal coliform levels in a third-order stream within the Little River Experimental Watershed in Georgia. Maximal conditional likelihood functions were identified for all parameters in the log, square root, and no-transformation cases. The key results are: (1) the number of sensitive parameters and the optimal parameter values can depend on the transformation;(2) only in the case of the log-transformation are the errors normally distributed and consistent with the assumed Gaussian likelihood function;(3) the standard error in the model is least for the no-transform case and highest for the log-transform case;and (4) the observed model errors are most predictable using the log-transform and least predictable using the no-transform approach.

关键词： computer models Uncertainty principles Rivers Streams Watersheds Water quality

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