The program DUCHEN calculates the probability that a woman is a carrier of an X-linked, lethal recessive disease on the basis of information in the woman''s family and any available biochemical data. It is eas...
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The program DUCHEN calculates the probability that a woman is a carrier of an X-linked, lethal recessive disease on the basis of information in the woman''s family and any available biochemical data. It is easily used by persons without computer knowledge or experience. The present version can accommodate families consisting of up to 100 people in seven generations. Risks may be estimated on the basis of pedigree information only, or with the inclusion of one or more types of biochemical test results. Biochemical data are incorporated with pedigree information into final risks using the powerful satatistical technique of logistic discrimiantion, a procedure particularly suited for the separation of non-normal populations on the basis of overlapping quantitative characteristics. Mutation rates are specified separately for males and females. DUCHEN is available in FORTRAN 77, IBM BASIC, and Applesoft BASIC, and may be used on a variety of mainframe or microcomputers. The model was used to calculate risks for 375 girls and women in 46 families with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD);serum creatine kinase tests had been carried out on 167 of these subjects who were of reproductive age. Carrier probabilities equal to or lower than the population risk (0.0004) were obtained for 21% of the aunts and 43% of the cousins of affected boys from families with an isolated case of DMD and for 14% of the cousins of affected boys from families with a known DMD history. DUCHEN should assist counsellors in determining which members of large families should be further examined using either standard biochemical carrier detection methods or DNA marker studies. Moreover, if the results of the latter are not decisive, then carrier probabilities provided by DUCHEN may be combined with information from DNA marker studies to yield more precise final risks.
This paper discusses the procedure of air-conditioning load estimation. It involves the use of several data tables and graphs, which can be facilitated by the use of computer software programs. In this regard, several...
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This paper discusses the procedure of air-conditioning load estimation. It involves the use of several data tables and graphs, which can be facilitated by the use of computer software programs. In this regard, several programs have been developed, some of them are not easily adaptable to the immediate needs of developing environments. This is a report of the development of a computer program for air-conditioning load estimate based on the methods adopted by carrier corporation. These methods are not sophisticated, and therefore the resulting computer program is adaptable. In the program, the commonly utilised data tables have been input as arrays and by specifying the subscripts of an element of an array the desired tabular value is accessed and utilised in some computation. The ways of refining the program are presented in this paper.
The new German standard specification DIN 32645 defines detection, identification and determination limit of analytical experiments and contains formulas for their calculation. The detection limit is a qualitative val...
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The new German standard specification DIN 32645 defines detection, identification and determination limit of analytical experiments and contains formulas for their calculation. The detection limit is a qualitative value, only at the determination limit a quantitative statement is possible. The identification limit is no limit of decision for analyses. The expenditure for calculating these parameters is considerable. Therefore, a computer program was developed and tested at the analysis of herbicides with GC-MS after enrichment with solid phase extraction (SPE). It proved that the program is also very useful at the development of analytical methods, because it allows a quick examination of changes of the analytical method. After optimization detection limits for the herbicides were achieved which amount 10-20% of the limit of the German drinking water regulation.
Abstract This paper provides methods and a description of a Pascal computer program, thermocalc , for various thermodynamic calculations using the thermodynamic dataset presented in earlier papers in this series (Holl...
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Abstract This paper provides methods and a description of a Pascal computer program, thermocalc , for various thermodynamic calculations using the thermodynamic dataset presented in earlier papers in this series (Holland & Powell, 1985; Powell & Holland, 1985). The dataset involves uncertainties on the thermodynamic parameters and therefore allows uncertainties to be calculated on results, for example in geothermometry and geobarometry. Recommendations are made for the uncertainties on activities to be used in calculations on rocks, particular emphasis being placed on preventing underestimates of these uncertainties at small mole fractions. Apposite examples of phase diagram and rock calculations are presented with ouput from thermocalc , demonstrating the utility of the program. Of the rock calculations, the most valuable are considered to be those involving simultaneous combination ‘least squares’of calculated conditions for a set of reactions applicable to a rock. This set of reactions involves the independent reactions which can be written between the end-members in the minerals in a rock and in the thermodynamic dataset. In contrast to an approach based on specific geothermometers and geobarometers, this approach maximizes the benefit of having an internally consistent thermodynamic dataset. thermocalc is available in IBM PC and Mac versions, from Roger Powell for A$25 or Tim Holland for £10 per version.
We describe a short computer program, which is written in Pascal language, to measure the diameter of circular and elliptical profiles in sections. Coordinate pairs on the microscope stage, corresponding to two or thr...
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We describe a short computer program, which is written in Pascal language, to measure the diameter of circular and elliptical profiles in sections. Coordinate pairs on the microscope stage, corresponding to two or three points of a profile, are input to obtain its diameter. The program enables one to take measurements directly on the microscope, thereby reducing photographic work and caliper measurement. While the program is largely designed for electron microscopy, it also may be useful for light microscopy morphometry.
We described the use of a database program for a microcomputer in the storage and analysis of data collected in a contact dermatitis clinic. This system facilitated the analyssis of large numbers of patient details, a...
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We described the use of a database program for a microcomputer in the storage and analysis of data collected in a contact dermatitis clinic. This system facilitated the analyssis of large numbers of patient details, and permitted specified patient groups to be studied in depth. The program was easy to use and could be tailored to local requirements.
A Microsoft Windows-compatible computer program, referred to as "Permeation Calculator," was developed at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to automate and standardize permeat...
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A Microsoft Windows-compatible computer program, referred to as "Permeation Calculator," was developed at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to automate and standardize permeation testing data analysis. The program imports the data file collected during a permeation test and calculates relevant permeation parameters within a few seconds, based on a series of algorithms, strategies, and automated decision-making processes. It allows calculations of all the permeation parameters related to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F 739, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 6529, and ASTMD6978 standards, including standardized breakthrough time, normalized breakthrough time, breakthrough detection time, steady-state permeation rate, cumulative permeation mass at a given elapsed time, and elapsed time at a given cumulative permeation mass for either a closed-loop or an open-loop permeation test. For open-loop permeation testing, the software also allows changing sampling flow rate and allows calculations of average permeation rate and maximum permeation rate to see if the rates ever reach the threshold maximum for decision making. On completion, the software displays all the permeation parameters together with relevant information and the permeation curve as a report file in Microsoft Excel and text file formats. This software helps industrial hygienists and researchers to avoid labor intensive hand calculations of the permeation parameters. The software also prevents experimenter bias, thus ensuring identical permeation parameters will be obtained from a given permeation testing data file. The Permeation Calculator is available either on the NIOSH website or on CD by request.
A computer program in BASIC language is described, which allows to calculate the masses of the sequence fragments in the positive-ion Fast Atom Bombardment spectra of peptides.
A computer program in BASIC language is described, which allows to calculate the masses of the sequence fragments in the positive-ion Fast Atom Bombardment spectra of peptides.
A computer program is described that facilitates systematic and unbiased sampling in morphometry. Input data are coordinates of the four corners of a section as displayed in the position indicators of the microscope s...
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A computer program is described that facilitates systematic and unbiased sampling in morphometry. Input data are coordinates of the four corners of a section as displayed in the position indicators of the microscope stage. Outputs are coordinate values in the form of a regular lattice that describes where to place the stage and perform the sampling on the section. In addition, some other data are provided by the program, such as total area of section, length of sides, etc. The program is written in BASIC but can be easily converted to other computer languages.
An interactive FORTRAN program (INCOR) performs the Paul (1989) procedure for testing the null hypothesis that more than two independent population correlations are equivalent. The program also performs subsequent ran...
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An interactive FORTRAN program (INCOR) performs the Paul (1989) procedure for testing the null hypothesis that more than two independent population correlations are equivalent. The program also performs subsequent range tests for comparing all possible pairwise correlations.
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