The objective of this study was to evaluate a computer based interactive diabetes education program designed to train patients with diabetes to correctly estimate the energy or carbohydrate contents of foods. The acce...
详细信息
The objective of this study was to evaluate a computer based interactive diabetes education program designed to train patients with diabetes to correctly estimate the energy or carbohydrate contents of foods. The acceptance and the operator convenience of the program were evaluated with an integrated program and written questionnaires. The training success was calculated for each user from the data sets after multiple repetitions of the same exercise. Age, weight, type of diabetes, previous training and computer experience of 126 patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes from three different German diabetes centres were documented. The evaluation of the computer program indicated a good acceptance and operator convenience. Moreover, there was a significant training success in patients who have never used a structured diabetes education program before. Therefore, the potential impact of the program is to support but not to replace structured diabetes education programs and to further motivate and attract patients to diabetes education programs. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
We review aspects of the design and use of computer data recorders in field research and describe the structure and operation of a BASIC language program for the Tandy Model 100/102 notebook computers. The program is ...
详细信息
We review aspects of the design and use of computer data recorders in field research and describe the structure and operation of a BASIC language program for the Tandy Model 100/102 notebook computers. The program is flexible and open in that it does not force the use of preconfigured codes. It is intended for research designs that employ continuous (focal-animal) sampling, interval (scan) sampling (Altmann, J., Behaviour 49: 227-267, 1974), or the focal-time sampling paradigm of Baulu and Redmond (Primates 19. 391-400, 1978). The program has been tested by a number of undergraduate and graduate students under field and zoo observational conditions.
Subject and objective In this study, a decision tree derived from scientific literature on selective dry cow therapy (ST), which was developed as a knowledge base for a digital expert system, was evaluated. The decisi...
详细信息
Subject and objective In this study, a decision tree derived from scientific literature on selective dry cow therapy (ST), which was developed as a knowledge base for a digital expert system, was evaluated. The decision tree merges algorithmic (based on cell count results) and cultural (based on milk sample findings) approaches. Material and methods During a two-year project period (August 2021-September 2023), ST was carried out on 19 dairy farms in southern Germany according to the decision tree, without specific requirements being placed on the herd's udder health before the start. A total of 1,369 dry-off observations were recorded. The dry-off cases were evaluated regarding implementation of the recommendations, cell count at the first milk recording after calving, proportion of new infections and cures during the dry period depending on the implementation of the dry-off recommendation and the udder health status of the herd. Results Across all farms, 38.4% of cows were dried off without the use of an antibiotic. The potential for saving antibiotics varied greatly between farms (range: 2.4-71.3%). In 75.9% of cases, a dry-off recommendation could be made based on the available udder health data;only in around 25% of cows did the dry-off recommendation require a microbiological examination of quarter milk samples. On average, the milk cell count after the dry period was less than 100,000 cells/ml in animals that were dried off with and without an antibiotic dry-off preparation. The proportions of new infections and cures during the dry period did not differ significantly between animals with and without an antibiotic dry-off preparation. Clinical relevance and conclusions The results show that with the help of the developed decision tree, ST can be carried out safely in dairy farms without endangering udder health. This decision tree can therefore serve as a reliable knowledge base for a digital expert system to optimize dry-off management in dairy farms.
The object of this work was to explore the possibility of scaling a Finite Element program to fit in a small desktop computer. A program originally written in FORTRAN IV and called STAP was selected for the present pr...
详细信息
The object of this work was to explore the possibility of scaling a Finite Element program to fit in a small desktop computer. A program originally written in FORTRAN IV and called STAP was selected for the present project. This program is contained in Bathe and Wilson's Numerical Methods in Finite Element Analysis and was conceived to solve static linear elastic analysis. The program was rewritten in an enhanced form of BASIC language suitable for the Hewlett-Packard System 45 desktop computer. Presently, only the truss element is available; however, the program is structured so that other element types may be easily implemented. A plot of the input mesh is included in the program output.
Over the past 40 years, toxicologists and pharmacologists have used tables published by Weil for the determination of LD(50) (or ED(50)) values and their associated 95% confidence intervals. With the advances in compu...
详细信息
Over the past 40 years, toxicologists and pharmacologists have used tables published by Weil for the determination of LD(50) (or ED(50)) values and their associated 95% confidence intervals. With the advances in computer technology, it is now common for investigators to have personal computers in their laboratories. Therefore, two identical programs were developed for determination of the LD(50) (or ED(50)) which may be run on a personal computer. One of these programs was written in BASIC, and the other in FORTRAN. The programs are easy and rapid to use, requiring minimum computer hardware and little, if any, knowledge of programming. They also offer more user flexibility than the previously published tables of Weil, in that there are fewer restrictions on the number of animals and number of dosage levels used in an experiment. The output of the programs may be typed on the screen of a computer monitor, and may be sent to a printer. The two programs calculate the LD(50) and 95% confidence intervals for the LD(50). These programs should be valuable for many investigators.
ABSTRACTABSTRACTThis study was conducted to develop a nutrition and fitness program and examining its efficacy in reducing weight and improving physical fitness in obese adults. The program was having four main sectio...
详细信息
ABSTRACTABSTRACTThis study was conducted to develop a nutrition and fitness program and examining its efficacy in reducing weight and improving physical fitness in obese adults. The program was having four main sections, that is, personal profile, weight management, physical fitness and food exchange list. It was providing facilities of creating personal profiles, assessing daily nutrient intake and physical activities, suggesting nutritional and exercise requirements and planning individualized diet charts. Twenty-two obese subjects (BMI>25 kg/m2) were assigned to the program group (n=12) and no information control group (n=10). The program group was asked to strictly follow the program for one month. Significant reduction in the intake of calories, fat and carbohydr ates was observed while intake of fruits and vegetables was increased (p<0.05). The program was also found to be effective in reducing body weight and body fat, whereas physical fitness improved significantly (p<0.05). Ther e was no significant alteration observed in any parameters of the control group.
Fuzzy logic and fuzzy system models have become popular tools in the field of management as they enable efficient handling of uncertainty. We present a tool based on the authorsoriginal approach focused on solving com...
详细信息
Fuzzy logic and fuzzy system models have become popular tools in the field of management as they enable efficient handling of uncertainty. We present a tool based on the authorsoriginal approach focused on solving complex managerial problems affected by the vagueness or uncertainty caused by the human factor. For this purpose, we show the connection between the functioning principle of the tool and processes occurring in the human mind including a description of its structure as perceived by an external observer. This is followed by an overview of selected fragments of fuzzy propositional logic, the theory of fuzzy sets, and the conclusions derived from it. The main part consists of formulating an algebraic description of the computational process of multicriteria evaluation of the considered alternative performed by a fuzzy system, which serves as the executive unit of a Fuzzy calculator. This is supplemented by a flowchart diagram illustrating the algorithm of its functioning. The Fuzzy calculator distinguishes itself from other fuzzy systems by standardizing all linguistic variables, regardless of the number of linguistic values, into a unified framework comprising three terms L, M, and H, which are represented using trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, ensuring precise mathematical characterization. During the transformation, the original linguistic terms are preserved by incorporating the positions of their support intervals, thereby maintaining the specificity of the input information. This approach establishes the Fuzzy calculator as a universal and highly adaptable tool, capable of addressing a wide range of practical managerial problems with improved consistency and control.
Taxonomic interpretations of species or other taxa may vary considerably among authors. A database program called TaxLink has been developed, which allows for a detailed visualisation of comparisons between different ...
详细信息
Taxonomic interpretations of species or other taxa may vary considerably among authors. A database program called TaxLink has been developed, which allows for a detailed visualisation of comparisons between different taxonomic concepts. The basic entities of TaxLink are "taxonyms" (= potential taxa. Berendsohn, 1995). TaxLink may store taxonyms with their references, synonyms, relationships between taxonyms, and nomenclatural status of names. Information can be vizualised on screen, printed, and retrieved as textdocument in Microsoft Word format.
A computer program was developed in C++language to predict the effect of soil bulk density on draft force on bottoms,share thickness,stresses distribution and maximum deflection on standards,bending stresses distribut...
详细信息
A computer program was developed in C++language to predict the effect of soil bulk density on draft force on bottoms,share thickness,stresses distribution and maximum deflection on standards,bending stresses distribution on side plates,diameter of shear pins,and tensile stress on hitch *** was found that,as soil bulk density increased,stresses distribution and maximum deflection on standards,bending stresses distribution on side plates,diameter of shear pins,and tensile stress on hitch bar *** diameter of shear pin should be larger to meet wide range of soil density.
A microcomputer program dedicated to polyhedra modeling by point group theory is described. It generates the polyhedra, allows powerful manipulations of their images and draws 2-D developed polyhedra for building 3-D ...
详细信息
A microcomputer program dedicated to polyhedra modeling by point group theory is described. It generates the polyhedra, allows powerful manipulations of their images and draws 2-D developed polyhedra for building 3-D real models. It may be used both in crystallography teaching and crystal modeling for X-ray absorption calculation or crystal shape analysis from powder methods or from growth velocities.
暂无评论