The program DUCHEN calculates the probability that a woman is a carrier of an X-linked, lethal recessive disease on the basis of information in the woman''s family and any available biochemical data. It is eas...
详细信息
The program DUCHEN calculates the probability that a woman is a carrier of an X-linked, lethal recessive disease on the basis of information in the woman''s family and any available biochemical data. It is easily used by persons without computer knowledge or experience. The present version can accommodate families consisting of up to 100 people in seven generations. Risks may be estimated on the basis of pedigree information only, or with the inclusion of one or more types of biochemical test results. Biochemical data are incorporated with pedigree information into final risks using the powerful satatistical technique of logistic discrimiantion, a procedure particularly suited for the separation of non-normal populations on the basis of overlapping quantitative characteristics. Mutation rates are specified separately for males and females. DUCHEN is available in FORTRAN 77, IBM BASIC, and Applesoft BASIC, and may be used on a variety of mainframe or microcomputers. The model was used to calculate risks for 375 girls and women in 46 families with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD);serum creatine kinase tests had been carried out on 167 of these subjects who were of reproductive age. Carrier probabilities equal to or lower than the population risk (0.0004) were obtained for 21% of the aunts and 43% of the cousins of affected boys from families with an isolated case of DMD and for 14% of the cousins of affected boys from families with a known DMD history. DUCHEN should assist counsellors in determining which members of large families should be further examined using either standard biochemical carrier detection methods or DNA marker studies. Moreover, if the results of the latter are not decisive, then carrier probabilities provided by DUCHEN may be combined with information from DNA marker studies to yield more precise final risks.
A computer program is available for fitting any linear or nonlinear ordinary differential equations to data, and for estimating transfer rates and/or compartment sizes from time—series tracer data in a compartmental ...
详细信息
A computer program is available for fitting any linear or nonlinear ordinary differential equations to data, and for estimating transfer rates and/or compartment sizes from time—series tracer data in a compartmental system. The program is easy to use because compartment problems are specified simply in terms of the geometry of the components and transfers between them. The program generates confidence limits for the estimates, a feature that can be used to examine in advance the effectiveness of proposed tracer experiments.
We describe a computer program (Metal Search) that helps design tetrahedrally coordinated metal binding sites in proteins of known structure. The program takes as input the backbone coordinates of a protein and output...
详细信息
We describe a computer program (Metal Search) that helps design tetrahedrally coordinated metal binding sites in proteins of known structure. The program takes as input the backbone coordinates of a protein and outputs lists of four residues that might form tetrahedral sites if wild-type amino acids were replaced by cysteine or histidine. The program also outputs the side chain dihedral angles of the amino acids and the coordinates of the predicted metal ion. The only function evaluated by Metal Search is the ability of side chains to meet simple geometric criteria for formation of a tetrahedral site, but these criteria are sufficient to produce a manageably small List that can then be evaluated by other means. The program has been used in the introduction of zinc binding sites in the designed four-helix bundle protein alpha 4 and in the B1 domain of streptococcal protein G, and in both cases the tetrahedral coordination of a bound metal ion has been confirmed(1) (Klemba, M., Gardner, K. H., Marine, S., Clarke, N.D., and Regan, L., Nature: Structural Biology 2:368-373, 1995). (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The patentability of computer program has been discussed because of its deviation from the traditional definition of a patent. The relativities of computer programs to hardware are classified to measure the relative p...
详细信息
The patentability of computer program has been discussed because of its deviation from the traditional definition of a patent. The relativities of computer programs to hardware are classified to measure the relative patentability of computer programs in this paper. It can be seen through the patentability analysis that the change in patentability basically follows an exponential function of the hardware character of the software, and the coefficient of an exponent part of the function is a damping factor that determines a patentability degree or trend. The basic patentability of computer programs is revealed when the damping factor value is 1, and a statistical patentability trend is derived. In drafting a patent specification, an appropriate expression of applicability and substantiality of computer programs is needed to acquire a patent right.
This paper discusses the procedure of air-conditioning load estimation. It involves the use of several data tables and graphs, which can be facilitated by the use of computer software programs. In this regard, several...
详细信息
This paper discusses the procedure of air-conditioning load estimation. It involves the use of several data tables and graphs, which can be facilitated by the use of computer software programs. In this regard, several programs have been developed, some of them are not easily adaptable to the immediate needs of developing environments. This is a report of the development of a computer program for air-conditioning load estimate based on the methods adopted by carrier corporation. These methods are not sophisticated, and therefore the resulting computer program is adaptable. In the program, the commonly utilised data tables have been input as arrays and by specifying the subscripts of an element of an array the desired tabular value is accessed and utilised in some computation. The ways of refining the program are presented in this paper.
The new German standard specification DIN 32645 defines detection, identification and determination limit of analytical experiments and contains formulas for their calculation. The detection limit is a qualitative val...
详细信息
The new German standard specification DIN 32645 defines detection, identification and determination limit of analytical experiments and contains formulas for their calculation. The detection limit is a qualitative value, only at the determination limit a quantitative statement is possible. The identification limit is no limit of decision for analyses. The expenditure for calculating these parameters is considerable. Therefore, a computer program was developed and tested at the analysis of herbicides with GC-MS after enrichment with solid phase extraction (SPE). It proved that the program is also very useful at the development of analytical methods, because it allows a quick examination of changes of the analytical method. After optimization detection limits for the herbicides were achieved which amount 10-20% of the limit of the German drinking water regulation.
We describe a program to assist in designing oligonucleotide probes on the basis of protein alignments and the codon usage of the target organism. If necessary, the input sequences can be weighted to neutralise the ef...
详细信息
We describe a program to assist in designing oligonucleotide probes on the basis of protein alignments and the codon usage of the target organism. If necessary, the input sequences can be weighted to neutralise the effect of closely similar sequences or to bias the output in favour of a particular taxon.
A computer program is described that facilitates systematic and unbiased sampling in morphometry. Input data are coordinates of the four corners of a section as displayed in the position indicators of the microscope s...
详细信息
A computer program is described that facilitates systematic and unbiased sampling in morphometry. Input data are coordinates of the four corners of a section as displayed in the position indicators of the microscope stage. Outputs are coordinate values in the form of a regular lattice that describes where to place the stage and perform the sampling on the section. In addition, some other data are provided by the program, such as total area of section, length of sides, etc. The program is written in BASIC but can be easily converted to other computer languages.
The aim of this paper is to present a practical and accurate program of correction based on a new mathematical description of phi(rhoz), which allows a global correction combining atomic number and absorption correcti...
详细信息
The aim of this paper is to present a practical and accurate program of correction based on a new mathematical description of phi(rhoz), which allows a global correction combining atomic number and absorption correction [ZA]. Characteristic and continuum fluorescence corrections are also included to complete the program. Elements of atomic number in the range 4 < Z < 92 and X-ray emission lines Kalpha, Kbeta, Lalpha, Lbeta, Malpha and Mbeta are taken into account by the program which is especially designed for difficult cases (light elements, low overvoltages, low accelerating voltages). This correction program written in Fortran is designed to work off line under DOS or WINDOWS graphic operating systems on PC compatible microcomputers. The WINDOWS user interface environment makes the software easy to use. The computation and plot of phi(rhoz) depth distribution function as well as the printing of physical parameters enable the user to easily optimize the experimental conditions. This procedure has been tested on various databases (Pouchou and Pichoir, Love et al. and Bastin et al.) for medium to heavy elements. For the light elements (0, C and B) Bastin's database has been used. The results presented furthermore reveal the good accuracy of the method and allow a comparison with other correction procedures.
Conventionally, all specimen vial and block labels are handwritten or typed, a labor-intensive process open to human error, particularly in a lab that processes large numbers of samples. The computer program described...
详细信息
Conventionally, all specimen vial and block labels are handwritten or typed, a labor-intensive process open to human error, particularly in a lab that processes large numbers of samples. The computer program described in this report was developed to reduce or elimiate this problem. The program is menu-driven, asking specific information from the user, and runs on an IBM PC (or compatible). It is designed to accurately produce specimen collection vial labels, resin block labels, and data sheets for inclusion in a research notebook. A task that in the past may have required much time at the typewriter can now be accomplished without error in a few minutes. Although designed to fit the needs of a pathology laboratory, the program (written in BASIC) can be easily modified to fit other applications.
暂无评论