The article presents the results of constructing a diagram of the phase composition of the Fe-S-Cu system and its mathematical model. Using the equations obtained in the work, a computer program was created and, using...
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The article presents the results of constructing a diagram of the phase composition of the Fe-S-Cu system and its mathematical model. Using the equations obtained in the work, a computer program was created and, using it, an analysis of phase formation in copper ores of various deposits was carried out. It was found that copper ore concentrates from the Berezovsk deposit in Kazakhstan contain Cu5FeS4 (20,22 %), CuS (14,21 %) and FeS2 (65,57 %), and copper ores from the Zyryanovsk deposit contain CuFeS2 (4,03 %), Cu5FeS4 (45,29 %) and FeS2 (50,68 %). Such data allows you to choose the optimal methods for further processing of concentrates, and the mathematical approach itself is more productive than the often used geometric one according to the rule of segments.
Subject and objective In this study, a decision tree derived from scientific literature on selective dry cow therapy (ST), which was developed as a knowledge base for a digital expert system, was evaluated. The decisi...
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Subject and objective In this study, a decision tree derived from scientific literature on selective dry cow therapy (ST), which was developed as a knowledge base for a digital expert system, was evaluated. The decision tree merges algorithmic (based on cell count results) and cultural (based on milk sample findings) approaches. Material and methods During a two-year project period (August 2021-September 2023), ST was carried out on 19 dairy farms in southern Germany according to the decision tree, without specific requirements being placed on the herd's udder health before the start. A total of 1,369 dry-off observations were recorded. The dry-off cases were evaluated regarding implementation of the recommendations, cell count at the first milk recording after calving, proportion of new infections and cures during the dry period depending on the implementation of the dry-off recommendation and the udder health status of the herd. Results Across all farms, 38.4% of cows were dried off without the use of an antibiotic. The potential for saving antibiotics varied greatly between farms (range: 2.4-71.3%). In 75.9% of cases, a dry-off recommendation could be made based on the available udder health data;only in around 25% of cows did the dry-off recommendation require a microbiological examination of quarter milk samples. On average, the milk cell count after the dry period was less than 100,000 cells/ml in animals that were dried off with and without an antibiotic dry-off preparation. The proportions of new infections and cures during the dry period did not differ significantly between animals with and without an antibiotic dry-off preparation. Clinical relevance and conclusions The results show that with the help of the developed decision tree, ST can be carried out safely in dairy farms without endangering udder health. This decision tree can therefore serve as a reliable knowledge base for a digital expert system to optimize dry-off management in dairy farms.
It has been 10 years since CRISPR/Cas technology was applied to edit the genomes of various organisms. Its ability to produce a double-strand break in a DNA region specified by the researcher started a revolution in b...
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It has been 10 years since CRISPR/Cas technology was applied to edit the genomes of various organisms. Its ability to produce a double-strand break in a DNA region specified by the researcher started a revolution in bioengineering. Later, the Base Editing (BE) method was developed. BE is performed via the formation of single-strand breaks by the mutant form of Cas nuclease (nickase), fused with deaminases and other enzymes. It can be used to promote A <-> G and C <-> T transitions, and a C -> G transversion. Just over 3 years ago, a new Prime Editing (PE) variant of CRISPR/Cas was invented. Unlike BE, in PE the nickase is fused with reverse transcriptase, capable of building a new DNA chain using the pegRNA template. The pegRNA consists of an elongated guide RNA with an extra sequence at the 3'-end. Prime editing makes it possible to insert the desired mutations into this extra sequence and to carry out any substitutions and indels of bases without the use of special donor DNA. To date, a number of PE variants have been proposed;they are briefly considered in this review with an emphasis on prime editing of plant genomes. Some attention is also paid to pegRNA design programs, as well as evaluation of the efficiency of the editing. Such a variety of PE techniques is due to the opportunities of high-precision introduction of desired changes with a rather low frequency of off-target mutations in the genomes of various organisms. The relatively low efficiency of prime editing inspires researchers to offer new approaches. There is hope that further development of the technology will improve PE enough to take its rightful place among the genome targeting methods that are suitable for any organisms, and will have a positive impact on the agricultural sector, industrial biotechnologies, and medicine.
The implementation of a system to assess the risk of Amyloodinium ocellatum occurrence in rearing ponds in fish farms located in southern Spain is a fundamental aspect to ensure the economic viability of these facilit...
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The implementation of a system to assess the risk of Amyloodinium ocellatum occurrence in rearing ponds in fish farms located in southern Spain is a fundamental aspect to ensure the economic viability of these facilities. For this purpose, a computer program (called Amy) for Windows PCs and an application for mobile devices (AmyAPP), based on the Android operating system, were developed integrating transformation functions and weightings associated with environmental parameters and fish behavioural factors from which it is possible to estimate the level of risk of occurrence of A. ocellatum. The weights for each of the environmental parameters and behavioural factors were estimated from the responses of a panel of experts (the fish farmers) using a Delphi methodology. The results indicate that, under operational validation, Amy/AmyAPP responses were statistically sensitive to the occurrence of A. ocellatum outbreaks in sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) rearing ponds.
This research presents a unified numerical model for analyzing the performance of concrete-filled stainless-steel tubular (CFSST) stub columns with different cross-sectional shapes. The model converts the cross-sectio...
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This research presents a unified numerical model for analyzing the performance of concrete-filled stainless-steel tubular (CFSST) stub columns with different cross-sectional shapes. The model converts the cross-sections of the CFSST columns with various shapes into an equivalent circular column, and a new concrete constitutive relation is proposed to estimate the compressive strength of confined concrete of CFSST columns with different cross sections. To simulate the axial load-strain curves of CFSST columns, a computer program is used that converts the various cross-sections of CFSST columns into equivalent circular columns. To validate the model, 196 tested columns with various cross-sections gathered from previous literature are used. The unified model proposed is found to be accurately predicting the performance of CFSST columns. The model is then used to investigate the effects of concrete, steel yield stress, and the depth-to-thickness ratio on the different radius ratios and aspect ratios of CFSST columns. A unified design formula is also suggested to calculate the ultimate strength of CFSST columns with various shapes, and the proposed simplified model is shown to provide a more accurate estimation when compared to existing design codes.
Mathematical modeling is typically framed as the art of reductionism of scientific knowledge into an arithmetical layout. However, most untrained people get the art of modeling wrong and end up neglecting it because m...
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Mathematical modeling is typically framed as the art of reductionism of scientific knowledge into an arithmetical layout. However, most untrained people get the art of modeling wrong and end up neglecting it because modeling is not simply about writing equations and generating numbers through simulations. Models tell not only about a story;they are spoken to by the circumstances under which they are envisioned. They guide apprentice and experienced modelers to build better models by preventing known pitfalls and invalid assumptions in the virtual world and, most importantly, learn from them through simulation and identify gaps in pushing scientific knowledge further. The power of the human mind is well-documented for idealizing concepts and creating virtual reality models, and as our hypotheses grow more complicated and more complex data become available, modeling earns more noticeable footing in biological sciences. The fundamental modeling paradigms include discrete-events, dynamic systems, agent-based (AB), and system dynamics (SD). The source of knowledge is the most critical step in the model-building process regardless of the paradigm, and the necessary expertise includes (a) clear and concise mental concepts acquired through different ways that provide the fundamental structure and expected behaviors of the model and (b) numerical data necessary for statistical analysis, not for building the model. The unreasonable effectiveness of models to grow scientific learning and knowledge in sciences arise because different researchers would model the same problem differently, given their knowledge and experiential background, leading to choosing different variables and model structures. Secondly, different researchers might use different paradigms and even unalike mathematics to resolve the same problem;thus, model needs are intrinsic to their perceived assumptions and structures. Thirdly, models evolve as the scientific community knowledge accumulates and matures ov
Mathematical diagrams of viscosity and crystallization temperatures of melts of the CaO - SiO2 - Al2O3 - B2O3 system were created. To obtain them, experimental studies were carried out using the simplex-lattice method...
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Mathematical diagrams of viscosity and crystallization temperatures of melts of the CaO - SiO2 - Al2O3 - B2O3 system were created. To obtain them, experimental studies were carried out using the simplex-lattice method of experiment planning. It was used to study 35 slags containing (wt.%) 9.8-52 CaO, 33.6-70.4 SiO2, 16.0-51.52 Al2O3, 0-20 B2O3. The experiments were carried out on an electrovibrational viscometer in molybdenum equipment, in a stream of purified argon in the temperature range of 1 473-1 923 K.
The article proposes a step-by-step solution to the problem of modeling investment policy. With a fairly extensive list of methods currently available, the authors preferred a methodology based on the digital economy ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350369397;9798350369380
The article proposes a step-by-step solution to the problem of modeling investment policy. With a fairly extensive list of methods currently available, the authors preferred a methodology based on the digital economy paradigm. The digital economy is positioned as an economy based on the use of information technologies for optimal resource management, in this case, enterprises. The modeling task is solved in three stages: the formation of an algorithm, the development of a flowchart, and the writing of a computer program. The demand for modeling is dictated by the presence of a large information array, and identifying the optimal solution to the problem is impossible without optimization models. A fairly extensive sequence of calculation procedures can only be performed using computer programs.
Frequency-Area Distribution (FAD) analyses were introduced to landslides research since the early 2000's. This technique is a powerful tool that allows assessing the completeness of landslide inventory maps (LIM),...
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Frequency-Area Distribution (FAD) analyses were introduced to landslides research since the early 2000's. This technique is a powerful tool that allows assessing the completeness of landslide inventory maps (LIM), used to build both landslides susceptibility and landslides hazard assessment models. However, FAD analyses are not commonly used in such studies despite the significant potential of the technique. The long processing steps needed to generate FAD curves, which involve logarithmic binning and iterative model fitting using various statistical tools, constitutes an energy and time-consuming task that pushes many researchers away from using the technique. In fact, no fully automatic tool capable of generating FAD curves and models exists as of July 2023. Therefore, we attempt to provide a fully automatic computer program capable of binning, fitting FAD curves and assessing their goodness of fit to theoretical models in a fully automatic, one step process. An example is provided using real data from Taounate province, Northern Morocco, so as to demonstrate the ability of the tool to deal with exhaustive datasets. In addition, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, goodness of fit test is added to provide an objective assessment of the data fitting, which constitutes a better alternative to the subjective visual assessment that most landslides researchers rely on. To sum up, we believe that this tool will help popularize the FAD technique, which will consequently improve the accuracy and objectivity of landslides risk and hazard assessment disciplines.
This article presents an overview and brief results of the development of a special program for calculating the hardenability band depending on the steel chemical composition. This program is used by engineering and t...
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This article presents an overview and brief results of the development of a special program for calculating the hardenability band depending on the steel chemical composition. This program is used by engineering and technical specialists of "BSW - management company of "BMC" holding." The program development included several stages of work and was implemented on a "simple-to-complex" basis. The programming language used was C#, and the interface was based on Windows Forms. The design environment was Microsoft Visual Studio 2013 Professional. The program database was created using the design environment provided by the program for deploying and developing databases, i.e., Microsoft SQL Server 2008. The development period was from 2016 to 2021, the active development duration was from 2016 to 2019, and there was one developer. Currently, only data from new steel standards with a requirement for hardenability band are entered into the program. The data are kept up to date. From 2018 to 2021, another version of the program was developed with almost the same functions only in the Microsoft Visual Basic design environment built into the Excel program, which has an open software code. This version is used in the plant for daily work. Consequently, using company's own resources, a software module was developed, which includes several variants of theoretical calculations and a database that includes the information from various technical standards. The program enables the generation of all kinds of reports and a block for data analysis.
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