A computer program has been developed for predicting 1H NMR chemical shifts. It automatically finds the various substructures of a given molecule for which additivity rules are available. Several strategies have been ...
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The most-probable number (MPN) method is frequently used for counting microorganisms. It can provide accurate numbers if an adequate experimental design is planned. However, the major inconvenience limiting its use is...
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The most-probable number (MPN) method is frequently used for counting microorganisms. It can provide accurate numbers if an adequate experimental design is planned. However, the major inconvenience limiting its use is the lack of tables covering any possible MPN design. This report presents a simple, flexible, general purpose program that constructs MPN tables for any desired number of levels or dilutions, tubes per level, dilution factor, and volume of inoculated sample. Thus, this program can make the MPN technique available for more general use.
We describe a shortened procedure for testing mice over a 5-day interval on a swimming version of the Hebb-Williams maze. The mice are given 1 day of adaptation training, and are tested over the next 4 days on Hebb-Wi...
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We describe a shortened procedure for testing mice over a 5-day interval on a swimming version of the Hebb-Williams maze. The mice are given 1 day of adaptation training, and are tested over the next 4 days on Hebb-Williams problems 1, 6, 12, and 5, in that order. As an animal swims through one of the maze problems, the computer screen shows the maze pattern, and an observer traces the path taken with a computer mouse. The computer program, Observe Software(TM), stores the path sequence, determines the error score for that trial, and sends the information to a spreadsheet where it is available for statistical analyses.
Background: The Oxygen Status Algorithm is a computer program for interpretation of pH-blood gas measurements. Recently the facility for on-line transfer of measured data from the pH-blood gas analyzer (ABL 520) to th...
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Background: The Oxygen Status Algorithm is a computer program for interpretation of pH-blood gas measurements. Recently the facility for on-line transfer of measured data from the pH-blood gas analyzer (ABL 520) to the computer with instant calculation, graphical display, and print-out of the oxygen status and the acid-base status of the blood has been implemented. Objective: To describe experiences with routine application of the Oxygen Status Algorithm in an intensive care unit acid to describe recent improvements of the program. Data sources: Routine pH-blood gas analyses during a two year period with an average of 40 analyses per day. Results: Several unexpected results were disclosed, especially with respect to abnormal haemoglobin-oxygen affinity, causing suspicion of low 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration and hypophosphatemia. The criteria for routine administration of oxygen could be revised on the basis of the oxygen extraction tension. The program was expanded to allow the printing of a cumulated patient report, and modified to allow calculation of the oxygen consumption rate on the basis of simultaneous measurements on the arterial and the mixed venous blood. The program and the computer hardware functioned well in continuous operation during the whole study. It proved to be difficult, however, to ensure that all measurements were supplemented by information on the patient temperature and the fraction of inspired oxygen. Conclusion: The Oxygen Status Algorithm provides a more detailed description of the oxygen status and the acid-base status of the blood than currently employed. The interaction between the arterial oxygen tension, the haemoglobin oxygen capacity and the haemoglobin oxygen affinity is displayed graphically and the degree of compensation among these three properties is expressed in terms of a single quantity: the oxygen extraction tension. The program also provides an interactive interpretation, allowing a rapid prediction of the expected
Although it is well known that marginal income tax rates vary with income, few economists have studied the effect on real GDP of the distribution of marginal income tax rates, This omission is probably because data on...
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Although it is well known that marginal income tax rates vary with income, few economists have studied the effect on real GDP of the distribution of marginal income tax rates, This omission is probably because data on the distribution do not exist. We remedy this shortcoming by providing a computer program that calculates marginal income tax rates for all income levels for the years 1930 to 1990. We conduct a preliminary empirical investigation into the effect of taxes on economic growth. We find that lowering taxes significantly raises economic growth and that changing the tax rate schedule also has significant effects on economic growth.
The aim of this paper is to present a practical and accurate program of correction based on a new mathematical description of phi(rhoz), which allows a global correction combining atomic number and absorption correcti...
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The aim of this paper is to present a practical and accurate program of correction based on a new mathematical description of phi(rhoz), which allows a global correction combining atomic number and absorption correction [ZA]. Characteristic and continuum fluorescence corrections are also included to complete the program. Elements of atomic number in the range 4 < Z < 92 and X-ray emission lines Kalpha, Kbeta, Lalpha, Lbeta, Malpha and Mbeta are taken into account by the program which is especially designed for difficult cases (light elements, low overvoltages, low accelerating voltages). This correction program written in Fortran is designed to work off line under DOS or WINDOWS graphic operating systems on PC compatible microcomputers. The WINDOWS user interface environment makes the software easy to use. The computation and plot of phi(rhoz) depth distribution function as well as the printing of physical parameters enable the user to easily optimize the experimental conditions. This procedure has been tested on various databases (Pouchou and Pichoir, Love et al. and Bastin et al.) for medium to heavy elements. For the light elements (0, C and B) Bastin's database has been used. The results presented furthermore reveal the good accuracy of the method and allow a comparison with other correction procedures.
The authors report on a newly developed data base program for strabismus patients. All relevant preoperative and postoperative information regarding visual sensory data, motility, squinting angle in nine fields of gaz...
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The authors report on a newly developed data base program for strabismus patients. All relevant preoperative and postoperative information regarding visual sensory data, motility, squinting angle in nine fields of gaze and head position are easily entered into the data base. The program flows easily through data collection. Its use does not require special computer skills. Depending on monitor size, data for each patient is compressed into three or four screens totaling 120 entry fields, 67 of which refer to preoperative and postoperative squint angle. Entry fields flow in a logical manner, Storing capacity is increased by a factor of up to 40 with 28 drop down fields, totaling 271 available entry fields per patient. To enhance easy access of data, no abbreviations have been used.
For calculating the power of intraocular lenses, cataract surgeons wish to have a computer system, that calculates the power of several different lens designs. It should be easy to handle and it should be possible to ...
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The idea of this project was to create a prototype primary environmental impact assessment computer program for use in the planning of engineering projects by engineers. The idea is that this system will be used early...
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The idea of this project was to create a prototype primary environmental impact assessment computer program for use in the planning of engineering projects by engineers. The idea is that this system will be used early in the planning phase of projects, to identify potential negative environmental impacts and thereby iteratively modify proposals before further work on them is undertaken. The result would be a saving in time and money to clients by minimizing abortive work. The problem is highly complex in that there are almost limitless combinations of environmental characteristics available for selection for the evaluation of a project proposal. Each characteristic, in turn, is able to assume a varying level of importance. The structure of the system developed to solve this problem uses a combination of an expert system shell and conventional computer programs. The trend in modern environmental impact assessment methods is towards qualitative methods of assessment. As a result, the expert system shell SYNAPSE was chosen to provide a decision-making facility for each environmental characteristic using heuristic techniques. Due to certain limitations of SYNAPSE, a number of computer programs were developed to enable other supporting capabilities to be available to users. These programs were written using Turbo Pascal features such as windowing and event-driven regimens. The concept of using expert systems in environmental management is not new, with several papers published to date. The writer proposes a method whereby a set of rulebases (each specializing in a specific environmental characteristic) can be assembled for the specific problem at hand, and each environmental characteristic assigned a weighting according to the importance of that characteristic to the problem. The results of the SYNAPSE consultation are in the form of real-value logic, and are finally combined and presented to the user in a graphical qualitative form. The programs were developed using cer
HgEx is an Expert System that addresses the complex problems surrounding the pollution of the Amazon with Hg by informal mining operations The system integrates information on biology, chemistry, geochemistry, medical...
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HgEx is an Expert System that addresses the complex problems surrounding the pollution of the Amazon with Hg by informal mining operations The system integrates information on biology, chemistry, geochemistry, medical, social and political issues in order to evaluate contamination for a single site or region. The program attempts to diagnose the possibility of hazardous Hg transformations such as oxidation and methylation. An extensive tutorial section containing over 1500 electronic pages provides guidelines for Hg monitoring fieldwork, sampling and analytical steps, amalgamation practices improvements and remelioration procedures for a polluted site The system is structured for use by either highly-skilled personnel or those without technical-training.
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