We review aspects of the design and use of computer data recorders in field research and describe the structure and operation of a BASIC language program for the Tandy Model 100/102 notebook computers. The program is ...
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We review aspects of the design and use of computer data recorders in field research and describe the structure and operation of a BASIC language program for the Tandy Model 100/102 notebook computers. The program is flexible and open in that it does not force the use of preconfigured codes. It is intended for research designs that employ continuous (focal-animal) sampling, interval (scan) sampling (Altmann, J., Behaviour 49: 227-267, 1974), or the focal-time sampling paradigm of Baulu and Redmond (Primates 19. 391-400, 1978). The program has been tested by a number of undergraduate and graduate students under field and zoo observational conditions.
Over the past 40 years, toxicologists and pharmacologists have used tables published by Weil for the determination of LD(50) (or ED(50)) values and their associated 95% confidence intervals. With the advances in compu...
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Over the past 40 years, toxicologists and pharmacologists have used tables published by Weil for the determination of LD(50) (or ED(50)) values and their associated 95% confidence intervals. With the advances in computer technology, it is now common for investigators to have personal computers in their laboratories. Therefore, two identical programs were developed for determination of the LD(50) (or ED(50)) which may be run on a personal computer. One of these programs was written in BASIC, and the other in FORTRAN. The programs are easy and rapid to use, requiring minimum computer hardware and little, if any, knowledge of programming. They also offer more user flexibility than the previously published tables of Weil, in that there are fewer restrictions on the number of animals and number of dosage levels used in an experiment. The output of the programs may be typed on the screen of a computer monitor, and may be sent to a printer. The two programs calculate the LD(50) and 95% confidence intervals for the LD(50). These programs should be valuable for many investigators.
Modifications and additions to the MIPROPS computer program for calculating the thermophysical properties of 17 fluids are described. These changes include adding new fluids, new properties and a new user interface to...
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Modifications and additions to the MIPROPS computer program for calculating the thermophysical properties of 17 fluids are described. These changes include adding new fluids, new properties and a new user interface to the program;the new program will be available from the Standard Reference Data program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The new program allows the user to select the input and output parameters and the units to be displayed for each parameter.
A computer program (CHMASS) is described that calculates characteristic mass (m(o)) values for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) following user-specified input of atomizer type or dimensions and at...
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A computer program (CHMASS) is described that calculates characteristic mass (m(o)) values for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) following user-specified input of atomizer type or dimensions and atomization temperature. All the necessary spectroscopic and physical parameters for calculating m(o) values for 40 elements (and 44 analytical wavelengths) commonly determined by ETAAS are included in the database. Application of the program is illustrated by several theoretical and practical examples: (i) a study of the effect of atomization temperature on absorption and diffusion coefficients for silver;(ii) an investigation of how the sample injection hole limits the maximum attainable ETAAS sensitivity for copper as the tube length is increased;(iii) optimization of the atomization temperature for the determination of cadmium in a standard reference material;and (iv) a comparison of several commercial atomizer designs as regards the calculated atomization efficiencies using data from the manufacturers' literature. This last comparison provides further evidence for the superiority of platform atomization and integrated absorbance measurements over wall atomization combined with peak height evaluation.
A microcomputer program is described for planning and statistically evaluating microplate and other similar experiments. This program is written in BASIC and can bc run on any PC XT/AT compatible computer under DOS. T...
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A microcomputer program is described for planning and statistically evaluating microplate and other similar experiments. This program is written in BASIC and can bc run on any PC XT/AT compatible computer under DOS. The first part of the program writes the protocol of the experiment into a disk file and sends it to a printer and also prints specifications for the addition ot' ingredients. The second part of the program calculates means and standard deviations of the values measured for all groups of samples. It is also possible for the program to calculate activation coefficients, coefficients of modulation and percentages of suppression for special groups. Inputting the required data can be performed manually from the keyboard or automatically from disk files.
The thermal performance of a laboratory-scale salt gradient solar pond has been modeled as a one-dimensional unsteady conduction heat transfer problem with hea generation. The pond is assumed to be cut into horizontal...
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The thermal performance of a laboratory-scale salt gradient solar pond has been modeled as a one-dimensional unsteady conduction heat transfer problem with hea generation. The pond is assumed to be cut into horizontal slices and finite difference heat balance equations are solved simultaneously to predict the temperature of each slice at any time. The initial conditions were the temperature profile data. The boundary conditions were determined by studying the heat balance at th ebottom of the pond and by assuming the pond surface temperature to be equal to the ambient temperature. Solar radiation attenuation is calculated by the Bryant and Colbeck formula. A computer program is constructed to perform the calculations. In addition, Kooi's model was compared with our model. Similarly the salinity behavior was studied by writing the one-dimensional differential mass balance equation over a small slice with the appropriate boundary and initial conditions. The resultant set of linear equations was solved simultaneously for the unknown new concentrations. A computer program has been constructed to perform the calculations. Fair agreement between experimental and predicted profiles was obtained.
A simulation-based procedure is suggested for constructing prediction limits for Weibull populations. This procedure is based on maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. Although computation of the ML estimates and determi...
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A simulation-based procedure is suggested for constructing prediction limits for Weibull populations. This procedure is based on maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. Although computation of the ML estimates and determination of a needed percentile via simulation require a computer, we assert that the proliferation of personal computers makes these procedures more convenient than alternative procedures in the literature which require several specialized tables. This is particularly true for censored samples, since then the needed tables are generally incomplete and interpolation is required. Simulation may be used in all situations, i.e., any sample size, any level of Type II (failure) censoring, and any order statistic from a future sample. We illustrate our methods with three data sets from the literature.
A program was developed for the control and recording of ion-channel activity in lipid bilayers and cell membranes. The software runs on a PC under DOS. Stimulation waveforms may be applied simultaneously with recordi...
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A program was developed for the control and recording of ion-channel activity in lipid bilayers and cell membranes. The software runs on a PC under DOS. Stimulation waveforms may be applied simultaneously with recording at a sample rate of 10 kHz and at 12-bit resolution. Comments may he stored with the recordings, also during timed repetitive pulse applications. The time critical parts and graphics are written in C and assembler whereas the I/O and control is written in Quick-Basic 4.5 (QB). A nested 16-level macro facility allows the use of complex protocols. Array-buffer arithmetic is supported. There is mouse support for cursor measurements and parabolic offset subtractions. DOS applications such as editing macro files may be executed without halting the program. The program runs in the QB interactive environment with the foreign language routines in a library and is open to customization. The library of drawing subroutines support up to 1024 x 768 resolution.
The topics of matrix spectral factorization (MSF) in conjunction with results from realization theory are applied here in simulating a stationary multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) linear system from a specified power sp...
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The topics of matrix spectral factorization (MSF) in conjunction with results from realization theory are applied here in simulating a stationary multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) linear system from a specified power spectral density matrix. MSF provides the appropriate transfer function matrix and Realization Theory specifies the corresponding parameters of a linear system having this transfer function. This approach can be used to correctly capture the cross correlations that exist in a multichannel vector random process (representing a particular radar target signature). Aspects of the solution to this problem are illustrated using an original representative example problem with a closed-form answer. Existing software programs for accomplishing MSF are identified and one has been successfully validated using the known closed-form solution mentioned above. A streamlined realization algorithm (offered here as the primary theoretical contribution) can be used along with the MSF computer program and can now be applied to actual radar data. Besides multichannel spectral estimation, several other important applications (some old, some new) of this same MSF solution methodology are summarized in Appendix B including extending applicability to the complex case (to handle radar polarization issues related to coherent phase processing), and finally in reexpressing second order statistics of a multichannel autoregressive moving average (ARMA) process as those of a simpler but mathematically equivalent autoregressive (AR) process of slightly higher dimensions (as another original application of the same major result offered here).
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