A decision support system for planning small-scale agroforestry systems was developed (DESSAP). The program generates a set of feasible alternatives of culture combinations based on specified constraints. The constrai...
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A decision support system for planning small-scale agroforestry systems was developed (DESSAP). The program generates a set of feasible alternatives of culture combinations based on specified constraints. The constraints include land, labor, and cash. Labor used include own and/or hired, and cash is money spent for different items and activities such as fertilizer, harvesting, etc. The program utilizes a multiple objective linear programming model coupled with a management tool to generate alternatives. The system can be used by planners, managers, trainers, extension personnel, farmers, etc., to determine the optimum and desirable alternative(s) for an agroforestry farming system.
The advantages of a statistical approach to log analysis have been extensively discussed. Statistical techniques use 'inverse' methods to calculate formation parameters. The use of statistical techniques has b...
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The advantages of a statistical approach to log analysis have been extensively discussed. Statistical techniques use 'inverse' methods to calculate formation parameters. The use of statistical techniques has been limited, however, by the complexity of the mathematics and lengthy computer time required to minimize traditionally used nonlinear equations. Oryx Energy Co. however, has found that using linear equations for such calculations is an effective alternative that retains many of the advantages of the nonlinear equations while eliminating many of their shortcomings. Seven years of using the linear equations given in the following text have verified their advantages.
A major problem in the use of C-13-NMR spectroscopy for structure identification is to estimate the C-13 shifts of compounds known or suspected to be present in the spectrum. The substituent chemical shifts of differe...
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A major problem in the use of C-13-NMR spectroscopy for structure identification is to estimate the C-13 shifts of compounds known or suspected to be present in the spectrum. The substituent chemical shifts of different functional groups were studied and new, detailed empirical rules are reported. Trends in these shift parameters are noted. It appears that for functional groups containing more than one nucleus, the observed shift parameters (chi = alpha, beta, gamma, delta shifts) can be approximated by the shift parameters of the component nuclei (chi-comp) in the functional group, i.e., chi-obs almost-equal-to-chi-comp. The detailed shift behavior and shift additivity rules were computerized. The resulting program (CSPEC) has many user friendly features, e.g., ease of input, modification of structure, storage and retrieval of known shifts, and rapid computation.
A general mathematical model applicable for all reaction orders has been developed. A computer program written in C for use on personal computers performing curve fitting to the model is described. The time used by th...
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A general mathematical model applicable for all reaction orders has been developed. A computer program written in C for use on personal computers performing curve fitting to the model is described. The time used by the program was tested with several datasets and found to be also acceptable with a minimum hardware configuration. The performance of the program was compared to that of a program for general non-linear regression running on a mainframe computer (SAS system on a VAX/VMS 8650). These tests showed that both methods produced the same results when the numbers of significant figures were the same.
A computer program for ventilating neonates using a volume controlled ventilator is presented. The program proposes directions for changes of ventilator settings decided from the actual arterial blood gas samples and ...
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A computer program for ventilating neonates using a volume controlled ventilator is presented. The program proposes directions for changes of ventilator settings decided from the actual arterial blood gas samples and ventilator settings. The program deals with up to six babies at the same time and contains a continuous evaluation of the last six values of pCO2 and pO2 resulting in statements and warnings in potentially harmful situations. The program is consistent with the written instructions of the department. The ventilator treatment of 30 premature babies is evaluated retrospectively using the program, showing a total agreement of 37.5%, lowest among the babies who died in respiratory insufficiency. The advantage of the use of the program is discussed.
This short assembly language procedure, which can be called from a high level language program, will low-pass filter an array of digital data. This is a well known algorithm coded in assembly language for speed: it fi...
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This short assembly language procedure, which can be called from a high level language program, will low-pass filter an array of digital data. This is a well known algorithm coded in assembly language for speed: it filters 512 data points in 5 ms in a 16 MHz 386 microcomputer. The procedure can handle up to 32 kb of binary data, 12-16 bits wide, from an on-line experiment or from an already stored file. The user chooses the cutoff frequency selecting a factor and how many times the data are passed through the filter. The filter has an excellent time-domain response which makes it ideal for physiological pulse recording. The listings of the source assembly routine and of a sample Pascal program that calls it are provided in the text.
As an animal swims through the Lashley III maze, an observer types into a Macintosh computer the path taken. The computer program, Observe Software, then breaks the string of choices into two-step sequences and counts...
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As an animal swims through the Lashley III maze, an observer types into a Macintosh computer the path taken. The computer program, Observe Software, then breaks the string of choices into two-step sequences and counts the number of such sequences. These data are then sent to a spreadsheet, where the sequences are sorted into forward and backward responses. Forward choices are Correct Path, T Choice Errors and Cul Entry Errors. All backward choices are errors, by definition. They are classified as T Choices, Cul Entries, Cul Exits, and Return to Start. The animal's behavior is then described by the various error classes plus a measure called Learning Index. Examples of learning by rats and mice are presented.
A diet questionnaire was developed in association with a computer program to provide rapid nutritional feedback to the general public. The questionnaire was validated against 16 d of weighed diet records and biochemic...
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A diet questionnaire was developed in association with a computer program to provide rapid nutritional feedback to the general public. The questionnaire was validated against 16 d of weighed diet records and biochemical variables in blood and urine. The highest Pearson correlation coefficients obtained between the questionnaire and the weighed records were for alcohol, fibre, iron, riboflavin (r 0.74, 0.67, 0.66, 0.66 respectively). Striking sex differences were shown in the results;the trend for higher correlations persisted in females. At least 65% of subjects were classified by questionnaire to within one quintile of the classification by weighed record for the majority of nutrients.
Stepwise solid phase peptide synthesis, Fmoc-approach, of 88 peptides varying in length from 4 to 24 amino acid residues was performed using a uniform procedure for coupling, monitoring and deprotection steps. The dat...
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Stepwise solid phase peptide synthesis, Fmoc-approach, of 88 peptides varying in length from 4 to 24 amino acid residues was performed using a uniform procedure for coupling, monitoring and deprotection steps. The data of 696 couplings have been incorporated into a computer programme in order to study whether the degree of coupling can be predicted. Parameters studied are the nature of the amino acid to be coupled, the amino acid to be acylated and the length of the growing peptide chain. Using this information, prediction of "good" or "difficult" sequences, that is, peptides that can be synthesized without appreciable repeated couplings or the opposite, seems possible.
An approach for automatically and rapidly searching a molecule's conformational space to determine low-energy conformations is described. The method takes a simple 2D description of the molecule (atom types and co...
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An approach for automatically and rapidly searching a molecule's conformational space to determine low-energy conformations is described. The method takes a simple 2D description of the molecule (atom types and connectivity), recognizes the presence of conformational units about which it has 'knowledge' and generates structures by template joining. Some of the algorithms which can be used to search the conformational space are described, as are methods to manipulate conformational information. Such an approach may be used to generate multiple conformations which may be further refined or stored in some form of 3D database.
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