A common procedure for recording Morris maze performance is to trace the animal''s path on a template of the maze. This procedure is used in a computer-based recording system. A maze template is palced on a di...
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A common procedure for recording Morris maze performance is to trace the animal''s path on a template of the maze. This procedure is used in a computer-based recording system. A maze template is palced on a digitizing tablet, an electronic cursor with pen attachment is used to trace the animal''s path, and the dataare sent to a computer where a program called Spatial Maze obtains the following measurements: total time in seconds, total distance traveled in inches, average speed, absolute and percent time in each quadrant, absolute and percent time in each annulus, the XY coordinate information needed to reconstruct the complete path of the animal, swimming angles, and the number of rears while on the platform. These measurements are then sent to Excel for statistical and graphic analyses.
A program for modeling, validation, prediction and graphic display of data is reported. The package is useful for dealing with responses that area function of a reduced number of variables. Implementation of user-defi...
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A program for modeling, validation, prediction and graphic display of data is reported. The package is useful for dealing with responses that area function of a reduced number of variables. Implementation of user-defined models is easy and several very general equations can be selected. The structure of the program is shown and the use of the different modules is explained. Two typical, applications based on distinct mathematical models are shown.
This paper describes a new technique for ambulatory long-term monitoring of small-bowel motility. Intraluminal pressure was measured with a silicon catheter with two strain-gauge transducers spaced 15 cm apart. Pressu...
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This paper describes a new technique for ambulatory long-term monitoring of small-bowel motility. Intraluminal pressure was measured with a silicon catheter with two strain-gauge transducers spaced 15 cm apart. Pressure data were stored in a portable memory unit. Initial studies showed that a recording frequency of 2 Hz was sufficient for obtaining reliable motility measurements. Twelve-hour recordings of motility in the upper jejunum were done in 12 healthy volunteers. After a 1964-kJ meal the median duration of fed-state motility was 4.6 h (3.4-5.3 h, interquartile range). The activity front of the migrating motor complex propagated with a velocity of 2.7-5.3 cm/min, and the median cycle length was 77 (40-103) min. The frequency of contractions in the activity front was 11.4 (10.9-11.6)/min at the proximal transducer. This new technique enables small-bowel motility to be monitored over longer periods of time and with much less inconvenience to the patient than previously used methods.
The computer-aided spectrophotometric determination of copper(II) (0.03-1 mg l-1) with 2-amino-N,3-dihydroxy-propanamide or 2-amino-N,3-dihydroxybutanamide as reagent is reported. In the LESSDAD program used, a least-...
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The computer-aided spectrophotometric determination of copper(II) (0.03-1 mg l-1) with 2-amino-N,3-dihydroxy-propanamide or 2-amino-N,3-dihydroxybutanamide as reagent is reported. In the LESSDAD program used, a least-squares method is applied for simultaneously calculating the analytical concentrations in solutions of several substances;the data needed are the pH of the solution, experimental absorbances, known molar absorptivities and the relevant equilibrium constants. The method is rapid and the results obtained were accurate and precise.
A computer program is described for a two-choice black-white T-maze discrimination task involving 10 trials per day for 5 days. A Gellerman series of 44 semirandom L/R sequences is included within the program to speci...
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A computer program is described for a two-choice black-white T-maze discrimination task involving 10 trials per day for 5 days. A Gellerman series of 44 semirandom L/R sequences is included within the program to specify the location of the reinforcing stimulus on each trial. A picture of the T-maze appears on the screen, and the experimenter tracks the animal''s movements as it goes through the maze. At the end of the 10 trials, the foillowing statistical information is obtained: number of initial choices into the left alley, number of correct choices, number of trials in which no choice was made, median time to make a choice, and a learning score based upon the path taken by the animal. These data are tehn sent to Excel for statistical processing.
This paper describes a computer package, FPS-SIM, which is capable of simulating point sampling in a simulated 1000-ha tract of forest. The user is required to specify parameters for the forest and sub-sections of it ...
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This paper describes a computer package, FPS-SIM, which is capable of simulating point sampling in a simulated 1000-ha tract of forest. The user is required to specify parameters for the forest and sub-sections of it including stocking rate (trees/ha), the pattern governing tree position, allowable range of values of diameter at breast height over bark (D(bhob), may be executed at any specified location in the forest using one or more basal area factors (BAFS). A set of experiments using the package is described in which the initial reconnaissance phase show the effects of varying the number of sample points, BAF values and forest specifications on estimates of the population parameters. The results of the simulation are in accord with field experience and demonstrate the value of the model for comparing the results of various point-sampling strategies.
As a rat or mouse swims in a small cylinder, its movements are tracked by an observer using a joystick, and the information is sent to a Macintosh computer. The swimming circle is broken into quadrants. The sequence o...
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As a rat or mouse swims in a small cylinder, its movements are tracked by an observer using a joystick, and the information is sent to a Macintosh computer. The swimming circle is broken into quadrants. The sequence of quadrants entered and the time spent in each quadrant are recorded as the basic data. From the data set one can extract full or partial turns, clockwise or counterclockwise rotations, total activity, and speed of swimming clockwise and counterclockwise. Two laterality indices, one based on full turns and the other on partial turns, are calculated. Test-retest reliability for rats and mice for 3-minute and 5-minute observation intervals are reported.
The OPTAO program in BASIC solves modified Bloch equations and calculates the line shape for a given set of parameters, which are then optimized by a Gauss-Newton non-linear least-squares method to provide the best fi...
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The OPTAO program in BASIC solves modified Bloch equations and calculates the line shape for a given set of parameters, which are then optimized by a Gauss-Newton non-linear least-squares method to provide the best fit to experimental data. Up to five sites can be handled. The program is suitable for personal computers.
A simple, unbiased insulin-varying glucose clamp program is described. The aim of the program was to utilize a continuously updated array of data to predict insulin requirements for normoglycaemia. In assessing Type 1...
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A simple, unbiased insulin-varying glucose clamp program is described. The aim of the program was to utilize a continuously updated array of data to predict insulin requirements for normoglycaemia. In assessing Type 1 diabetes the quantity of insulin required for maintenance of basal euglycaemia can be more clinically informative than other clamp methods. We present a method which uses an iterative computer program to predict changes in insulin infusion rate required for glucose clamping. After initial parameter estimation, the program uses no fixed algorithm but makes predictions according to previous blood glucose responses to infusion rates. The program has flexible data entry, graphic display, and running statistics including mean infusion data, mean glucose levels, and their respective standard deviations. Data for 26 consecutive overnight clamp studies have been analysed. The median coefficient of variation of glucose values at the end of the clamp was 4.1% (range 1.4–12.0%). The mean bias during the last 2 h was 0.20 ± 0.24 mmol l −1 . Cross-correlation showed that insulin had its maximal effect on the rate of decline of glucose after 15 min, and the nadir of glucose occurred 45 min after a change in insulin infusion rate.
High-resolution immunolight microscopy was carried out on a series of neoplasms embedded in Spurr plastic by means of computerized robotic capillary action. The techniques and computer program are delineated. The resu...
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High-resolution immunolight microscopy was carried out on a series of neoplasms embedded in Spurr plastic by means of computerized robotic capillary action. The techniques and computer program are delineated. The results demonstrate the highly resolved immunostaining with low background attained in plastic sections. Tissues were dewaxed, reembedded in Spurr, and reacted on the autostainer with no qualitative loss of immunoreactivity. Advantages of employing the autostainer include quality control (both positive controls and unknowns can be immunoreacted in tandem), ability to carry out immunoreactions on different cases at the same time, use of far less quantities of antibody and reagents than for manual procedures, and better use of technologist time (other laboratory procedures can be done while the sections are being robotically stained).
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