Abstract This paper provides methods and a description of a Pascal computer program, thermocalc , for various thermodynamic calculations using the thermodynamic dataset presented in earlier papers in this series (Holl...
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Abstract This paper provides methods and a description of a Pascal computer program, thermocalc , for various thermodynamic calculations using the thermodynamic dataset presented in earlier papers in this series (Holland & Powell, 1985; Powell & Holland, 1985). The dataset involves uncertainties on the thermodynamic parameters and therefore allows uncertainties to be calculated on results, for example in geothermometry and geobarometry. Recommendations are made for the uncertainties on activities to be used in calculations on rocks, particular emphasis being placed on preventing underestimates of these uncertainties at small mole fractions. Apposite examples of phase diagram and rock calculations are presented with ouput from thermocalc , demonstrating the utility of the program. Of the rock calculations, the most valuable are considered to be those involving simultaneous combination ‘least squares’of calculated conditions for a set of reactions applicable to a rock. This set of reactions involves the independent reactions which can be written between the end-members in the minerals in a rock and in the thermodynamic dataset. In contrast to an approach based on specific geothermometers and geobarometers, this approach maximizes the benefit of having an internally consistent thermodynamic dataset. thermocalc is available in IBM PC and Mac versions, from Roger Powell for A$25 or Tim Holland for £10 per version.
A computer program was developed in a Basic (Applesoft) version for generating up to five isopotential curves from field potentials recorded in nervous structures. Voltages are fed according to a cartesian coordinate ...
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A computer program was developed in a Basic (Applesoft) version for generating up to five isopotential curves from field potentials recorded in nervous structures. Voltages are fed according to a cartesian coordinate system, and an area is delineated each four points in which a certain number of intermediate voltage points are calculated, according to the required resolution. The calculated values are compared to those prefixed for each curve and, if similar, their coordinates are stored in corresponding bidimensional matrixes. A special subroutine was designed for constructing an isometric tridimensional perspective of the isopotential curve ensemble. The reliability of this program was tested in the localization of sensory representation areas on the neocortex of the South American armadillo (Chaetophractus vellerosus) studied by evoked potential mapping following visual, auditory and somatosensory stimuli. The isopotential curves traced permitted a quantitative evaluation of the cortical activated areas, and from their topographical distribution, relative unresponsive zones could be inferred where only inconspicuous responses were obtained. It is concluded that the present program provides a reliable and fast method for studying the evoked potential''s spatial distribution over the entire neocortex. In addition, it can be extended to the study of curves or contours which connect equivalent values pertaining to biophysical magnitude other than voltage data.
Conventionally, all specimen vial and block labels are handwritten or typed, a labor-intensive process open to human error, particularly in a lab that processes large numbers of samples. The computer program described...
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Conventionally, all specimen vial and block labels are handwritten or typed, a labor-intensive process open to human error, particularly in a lab that processes large numbers of samples. The computer program described in this report was developed to reduce or elimiate this problem. The program is menu-driven, asking specific information from the user, and runs on an IBM PC (or compatible). It is designed to accurately produce specimen collection vial labels, resin block labels, and data sheets for inclusion in a research notebook. A task that in the past may have required much time at the typewriter can now be accomplished without error in a few minutes. Although designed to fit the needs of a pathology laboratory, the program (written in BASIC) can be easily modified to fit other applications.
When more than two groups of observations from the same set of experimental data are compared and pairwise tested for equality of their means, appropriate statistical treatment of the data is required. The overall var...
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When more than two groups of observations from the same set of experimental data are compared and pairwise tested for equality of their means, appropriate statistical treatment of the data is required. The overall variation in the set of data must be considered, and also the statistical non-independence of each pairwise comparison must be taken into account. We describe a simple Apple IIE microcomputer program that applies the Scheffe's test for multiple comparisons. A numerical example and a sample output of this program are also included. The listing of the program is reported in the Appendix.
A microcomputer program in BASIC for predicting hepatotoxicity in man resulting from a single overdosage ingestion of acetaminophen was designed. A formula used in this program is derived from the data reported by Pre...
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A microcomputer program in BASIC for predicting hepatotoxicity in man resulting from a single overdosage ingestion of acetaminophen was designed. A formula used in this program is derived from the data reported by Prescott and his coworkers (Lanceti (1971) 519-522). Analysis of the actually reported and the computer-assisted predicted data has shown that the computer-assisted predictive formula may be clinically helpful in determining if the plasma acetaminophen level is in the toxic or nontoxic range.
We have devised a program that allows computation of the power of F-test, and hence determination of appropriate sample and subsample sizes, in the context of the one-way hierarchical analysis of variance with fixed e...
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We have devised a program that allows computation of the power of F-test, and hence determination of appropriate sample and subsample sizes, in the context of the one-way hierarchical analysis of variance with fixed effects. The power at a fixed alternative is an increasing function of the sample size and of the subsample size. The program makes it easy to obtain the power of F-test for a range of values of sample and subsample sizes, and therefore the appropriate sizes based on a desired power. The program can be used for the ''ordinary'' case of the one-way analysis of variance, as well as for hierarchical analysis of variance with two stages of sampling. Examples are given of the practical use of the program.
An analytical method for the seismic response of the two-dimensional horizontal slice core model of a high temperature gas-cooled reactor core with block-type fuel has been developed. In the analytical method, blocks ...
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An analytical method for the seismic response of the two-dimensional horizontal slice core model of a high temperature gas-cooled reactor core with block-type fuel has been developed. In the analytical method, blocks are modeled as rigid bodies and a spring dashpot model is used for the collision process between blocks. Analytical results are compared with experimental ones and both are found to be in good agreement. The analytical method can be used to predict the behavior of the high temperature gas-cooled reactor core under seismic excitation.
A microcomputer program in BASIC for predicting the survival probability by the time after diagnosis in patients with chronic leukemias is designed. Formulas used in this program are derived from the data published by...
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A microcomputer program in BASIC for predicting the survival probability by the time after diagnosis in patients with chronic leukemias is designed. Formulas used in this program are derived from the data published by Feinleib and MacMahon (Blood 15 (1960) 332-349). A general equation previously published by the author is applied in this study to calculate the survival probability. Analysis of the computer-assisted predicted and Feinleib and MacMahon''s observed data has shown that the program is fairly accurate and reliable with a close agreement in expressing survival probability as a function of the time after diagnosis. The computer-assisted predictive formulus can determine the relationship between the time and the survival probability, and may be of value for prognostic evaluation of patients with chronic leukemias.
A software package 'Nodus' for simulation and development of compartmental models of neurons is described. Passive or excitable membranes with voltage dependent ion conductances or synaptic conductances can be...
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A software package 'Nodus' for simulation and development of compartmental models of neurons is described. Passive or excitable membranes with voltage dependent ion conductances or synaptic conductances can be modeled. Detailed simulations of morphology and electrophysiology of neurons are possible. Neurophysiological experiments like voltage clamps and complex current injections can be simulated. Two integration methods are available: a fast hybrid method and an accurate fifth order Runge-Kutta method, with variable time steps. Nodus is implemented on Apple Macintosh microcomputers, with the standard user interface and interactive graphics. Simulations of simple test models demonstrate the accuracy and computation speed of the application.
The binding of three tritiated opioid ***, D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin and ethylketocyclazocine-was subjected to competitionby unlabeled beta-endorphin, dynorphin-(1-13), and various fragments of these peptides, and the ...
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The binding of three tritiated opioid ***, D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin and ethylketocyclazocine-was subjected to competitionby unlabeled beta-endorphin, dynorphin-(1-13), and various fragments of these peptides, and the results analyzed by a computer program that we developed in an earlier study [11]. Peptides in both groups bound with highest affinity to sites 1 and 3 in our 4-site model, corresponding to the mu and delta sites of convention classifications, with the dynorphin peptides also interacting with site 2, the kappa site. These results are discussed in relationship to the possible biological roles of these peptides as analgesics or as modulators of analgesia.
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